Vaccine-induced hypermetabolic lymph nodes have been clinically observed following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination. Specifically, the booster dose of the mRNA vaccines, produced by Pfizer and Moderna, has been linked to a relatively high incidence of lymphadenopathy. We present the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed an enlarged abdominal mass after receiving a booster dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. This mass occupied the retroperitoneal space, infiltrated the psoas muscle, and resulted in ureteric compression and hydronephrosis. Percutaneous drainage and analysis of the perirenal fluid revealed the presence of lymphatic fluid. In summary, lymphadenopathy is a recognized adverse reaction to the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Patients with compromised immune systems should be informed about the incidence and potential severity of lymphadenopathy following booster vaccination.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based radiomics model to predict high-risk pathologic features for lung adenocarcinoma: micropapillary and solid pattern (MPsol), spread through air space, and poorly differentiated patterns. Materials and Methods: As a prospective study, we screened clinical N0 lung cancer patients who were surgical candidates and had undergone both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) and chest CT from August 2018 to January 2020. We recruited patients meeting our proposed imaging criteria indicating high-risk, that is, poorer prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, using CT and FDG PET/CT. If possible, these patients underwent an MRI examination from which we extracted 77 radiomics features from T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted images. Additionally, patient demographics, maximum standardized uptake value on FDG PET/CT, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted image, were considered together to build prediction models for high-risk pathologic features. Results: Among 616 patients, 72 patients met the imaging criteria for high-risk lung cancer and underwent lung MRI. The magnetic resonance (MR)–eligible group showed a higher prevalence of nodal upstaging (29.2% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001), vascular invasion (6.5% vs. 2.1%, p=0.011), high-grade pathologic features (p < 0.001), worse 4-year disease-free survival (p < 0.001) compared with non-MR-eligible group. The prediction power for MR-based radiomics model predicting high-risk pathologic features was good, with mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) value measuring 0.751-0.886 in test sets. Adding clinical variables increased the predictive performance for MPsol and the poorly differentiated pattern using the 2021 grading system (AUC, 0.860 and 0.907, respectively). Conclusion Our imaging criteria can effectively screen high-risk lung cancer patients and predict high-risk pathologic features by our MR-based prediction model using radiomics.

Purpose: Regenerative medicine is expected to offer an alternative to liver transplantation for treating liver diseases in the future, with one significant challenge being the establishment of an effective stem cell administration route. This study assessed the antifibrogenic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a liver fibrosis mouse model, focusing on 2 methods of delivery: intravenous injection and scaffold implantation. Methods: An extracellular matrix mimic scaffold was utilized for culturing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha–overexpressing ASCs (tASCs). These scaffolds, laden with tASCs, were then implanted subcutaneously in mice exhibiting liver fibrosis. In contrast, the Cell groups received biweekly intravenous injections of tASCs for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, tissue samples were harvested from the euthanized mice for subsequent analysis. Results: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses on liver tissues, focusing on markers like alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), showed that both delivery routes substantially lowered fibrotic and inflammatory markers compared to controls (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the routes. Histological examinations, along with immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA, collagen type I alpha, and TGF-β1, revealed that the scaffold implantation approach resulted in a greater reduction in fibrosis and lower immunoreactivity for fibrotic markers than intravenous delivery (P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate that delivering tASCs via a scaffold could be more effective, or at least similarly effective, in treating liver fibrosis compared to intravenous delivery. Scaffold implantation could offer a beneficial alternative to frequent intravenous treatments, suggesting its potential utility in clinical applications for liver disease treatment.

Purpose: This study evaluated the postoperative quality of life (QoL) after various types of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in Korea using the Korean Quality of Life in Stomach Cancer Patients Study (KOQUSS)-40, a new QoL assessment tool focusing on postgastrectomy syndrome. Overall, 496 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and QoL was assessed at 5 time points: preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Distal gastrectomy (DG) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) showed significantly better outcomes than total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) with regard to total score, indigestion, and dysphagia. DG, PPG, and TG also showed significantly better outcomes than PG in terms of dumping syndrome and worry about cancer. Postoperative QoL did not differ significantly according to anastomosis type in DG, except for Billroth I anastomosis, which achieved better bowel habit change scores than the others. No domains differed significantly when comparing double tract reconstruction and esophagogastrostomy after PG. The total QoL score correlated significantly with postoperative body weight loss (more than 10%) and extent of resection (P<0.05 for both).Reflux as assessed by KOQUSS-40 did not correlate significantly with reflux observed on gastroscopy 1 year postoperatively (P=0.064). Conclusions Our prospective observation using KOQUSS-40 revealed that DG and PPG lead to better QoL than TG and PG. Further study is needed to compare postoperative QoL according to anastomosis type in DG and PG.

Vaccine-induced hypermetabolic lymph nodes have been clinically observed following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination. Specifically, the booster dose of the mRNA vaccines, produced by Pfizer and Moderna, has been linked to a relatively high incidence of lymphadenopathy. We present the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed an enlarged abdominal mass after receiving a booster dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. This mass occupied the retroperitoneal space, infiltrated the psoas muscle, and resulted in ureteric compression and hydronephrosis. Percutaneous drainage and analysis of the perirenal fluid revealed the presence of lymphatic fluid. In summary, lymphadenopathy is a recognized adverse reaction to the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Patients with compromised immune systems should be informed about the incidence and potential severity of lymphadenopathy following booster vaccination.

Purpose: Regenerative medicine is expected to offer an alternative to liver transplantation for treating liver diseases in the future, with one significant challenge being the establishment of an effective stem cell administration route. This study assessed the antifibrogenic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a liver fibrosis mouse model, focusing on 2 methods of delivery: intravenous injection and scaffold implantation. Methods: An extracellular matrix mimic scaffold was utilized for culturing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha–overexpressing ASCs (tASCs). These scaffolds, laden with tASCs, were then implanted subcutaneously in mice exhibiting liver fibrosis. In contrast, the Cell groups received biweekly intravenous injections of tASCs for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, tissue samples were harvested from the euthanized mice for subsequent analysis. Results: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses on liver tissues, focusing on markers like alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), showed that both delivery routes substantially lowered fibrotic and inflammatory markers compared to controls (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the routes. Histological examinations, along with immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA, collagen type I alpha, and TGF-β1, revealed that the scaffold implantation approach resulted in a greater reduction in fibrosis and lower immunoreactivity for fibrotic markers than intravenous delivery (P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate that delivering tASCs via a scaffold could be more effective, or at least similarly effective, in treating liver fibrosis compared to intravenous delivery. Scaffold implantation could offer a beneficial alternative to frequent intravenous treatments, suggesting its potential utility in clinical applications for liver disease treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based radiomics model to predict high-risk pathologic features for lung adenocarcinoma: micropapillary and solid pattern (MPsol), spread through air space, and poorly differentiated patterns. Materials and Methods: As a prospective study, we screened clinical N0 lung cancer patients who were surgical candidates and had undergone both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) and chest CT from August 2018 to January 2020. We recruited patients meeting our proposed imaging criteria indicating high-risk, that is, poorer prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, using CT and FDG PET/CT. If possible, these patients underwent an MRI examination from which we extracted 77 radiomics features from T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted images. Additionally, patient demographics, maximum standardized uptake value on FDG PET/CT, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted image, were considered together to build prediction models for high-risk pathologic features. Results: Among 616 patients, 72 patients met the imaging criteria for high-risk lung cancer and underwent lung MRI. The magnetic resonance (MR)–eligible group showed a higher prevalence of nodal upstaging (29.2% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001), vascular invasion (6.5% vs. 2.1%, p=0.011), high-grade pathologic features (p < 0.001), worse 4-year disease-free survival (p < 0.001) compared with non-MR-eligible group. The prediction power for MR-based radiomics model predicting high-risk pathologic features was good, with mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) value measuring 0.751-0.886 in test sets. Adding clinical variables increased the predictive performance for MPsol and the poorly differentiated pattern using the 2021 grading system (AUC, 0.860 and 0.907, respectively). Conclusion Our imaging criteria can effectively screen high-risk lung cancer patients and predict high-risk pathologic features by our MR-based prediction model using radiomics.

Vaccine-induced hypermetabolic lymph nodes have been clinically observed following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination. Specifically, the booster dose of the mRNA vaccines, produced by Pfizer and Moderna, has been linked to a relatively high incidence of lymphadenopathy. We present the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed an enlarged abdominal mass after receiving a booster dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. This mass occupied the retroperitoneal space, infiltrated the psoas muscle, and resulted in ureteric compression and hydronephrosis. Percutaneous drainage and analysis of the perirenal fluid revealed the presence of lymphatic fluid. In summary, lymphadenopathy is a recognized adverse reaction to the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Patients with compromised immune systems should be informed about the incidence and potential severity of lymphadenopathy following booster vaccination.

Purpose: This study evaluated the postoperative quality of life (QoL) after various types of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in Korea using the Korean Quality of Life in Stomach Cancer Patients Study (KOQUSS)-40, a new QoL assessment tool focusing on postgastrectomy syndrome. Overall, 496 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and QoL was assessed at 5 time points: preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Distal gastrectomy (DG) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) showed significantly better outcomes than total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) with regard to total score, indigestion, and dysphagia. DG, PPG, and TG also showed significantly better outcomes than PG in terms of dumping syndrome and worry about cancer. Postoperative QoL did not differ significantly according to anastomosis type in DG, except for Billroth I anastomosis, which achieved better bowel habit change scores than the others. No domains differed significantly when comparing double tract reconstruction and esophagogastrostomy after PG. The total QoL score correlated significantly with postoperative body weight loss (more than 10%) and extent of resection (P<0.05 for both).Reflux as assessed by KOQUSS-40 did not correlate significantly with reflux observed on gastroscopy 1 year postoperatively (P=0.064). Conclusions Our prospective observation using KOQUSS-40 revealed that DG and PPG lead to better QoL than TG and PG. Further study is needed to compare postoperative QoL according to anastomosis type in DG and PG.

Purpose: Regenerative medicine is expected to offer an alternative to liver transplantation for treating liver diseases in the future, with one significant challenge being the establishment of an effective stem cell administration route. This study assessed the antifibrogenic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a liver fibrosis mouse model, focusing on 2 methods of delivery: intravenous injection and scaffold implantation. Methods: An extracellular matrix mimic scaffold was utilized for culturing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha–overexpressing ASCs (tASCs). These scaffolds, laden with tASCs, were then implanted subcutaneously in mice exhibiting liver fibrosis. In contrast, the Cell groups received biweekly intravenous injections of tASCs for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, tissue samples were harvested from the euthanized mice for subsequent analysis. Results: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses on liver tissues, focusing on markers like alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), showed that both delivery routes substantially lowered fibrotic and inflammatory markers compared to controls (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the routes. Histological examinations, along with immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA, collagen type I alpha, and TGF-β1, revealed that the scaffold implantation approach resulted in a greater reduction in fibrosis and lower immunoreactivity for fibrotic markers than intravenous delivery (P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate that delivering tASCs via a scaffold could be more effective, or at least similarly effective, in treating liver fibrosis compared to intravenous delivery. Scaffold implantation could offer a beneficial alternative to frequent intravenous treatments, suggesting its potential utility in clinical applications for liver disease treatment.