PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide information on the actual status and prevailing trend of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Korean Knee Society (KKS) developed a questionnaire with 6 clinical questions on VTE. The questionnaire was distributed to all members of KKS by both postal and online mail. Participants were asked to supply details on their specialty and to select methods of prophylaxis they employ. Of the total members of KKS, 27.9% participated in the survey. RESULTS: The percentage of surgeons who routinely performed prophylaxis for VTE was 60.4%; 19.4% performed prophylaxis depending on the patient's health condition; and the remaining 20.2% never implemented prophylaxis after surgery. The common prophylactic methods among the responders were compression stocking (72.9%), pneumatic leg compression (63.3%), perioral direct factor Xa inhibitor (46.9%), and low-molecular-weight heparin (39.5%). For the respondents who did not perform prophylaxis, the main reason (51.5%) was the low risk of postoperative VTE considering the low incidences in Asians. CONCLUSIONS: The present study involving members of the KKS will help to comprehend the actual status of VTE prevention in South Korea. The results of this study may be useful to design VTE guidelines appropriate for Koreans in the future.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Factor Xa ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Korea ; Leg ; Postal Service ; Stockings, Compression ; Surgeons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thromboembolism ; Venous Thromboembolism

OBJECTIVE: People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit considerable impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. The present study aimed to examine the patterns of associations between ADHD symptoms, depression, and family functioning. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,022 adults randomly selected from a district in Seoul, South Korea. Several self-assessment scales were utilized to rate ADHD symptoms (both past and current), current symptoms of depression, and level of family functioning. ADHD symptoms in the children of these participants were also assessed. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed; structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to determine the best fitting model. RESULTS: Adult ADHD symptoms were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms, in turn, mediated the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and cohesion among family members. In addition, depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and their children's ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION: The relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and family dysfunction may be influenced by depressive symptoms. When treating ADHD in adults, clinicians should pay attention to the presence or absence of depression.
Adult* ; Child* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Self-Assessment ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. METHODS: Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. RESULTS: Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.
Anxiety ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Korea ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Parents ; Psychopathology ; Social Problems

PURPOSE: We investigated clinical and radiologic results and complications on diabetic patients with degenerative arthritis treated by total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1995 to July 2002, 56 diabetic patients among 594 TKR patients was ananlysed. Compared group was 124 patients of no medical disease. There were 52 women and 4 men, with mean age of 65.3 years (49.6~78.2) at operation. Insulin-dependent (type I) was 8 cases and noninsulin-dependent (type II) was 48 cases. We compared preoperative and postoperative knee function score, HSS score, radiologic results and complications. Mean follow up period of 38 months (21~108 months). RESULTS: HSS score improved preoperative mean 42 points to 86 postoperative and clinical knee function score estimated significant improvement (p<0.05) that 44 preop. to 82 postop. in DM TKR patients. There were 3 cases of infection (5.3%) including superficial wound infection 2 cases, deep joint infection 1 case. Deep vein thrombosis occured 2 cases (3.6%), wound problem 3 cases (5.3%), urinary infection 1 case (1.8%), cardiopulmonary complication 1 case (1.8%) and also high infection rate including wound problem (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Total knee arthroplasty improves knee function and pain relieve in diabetic patients. But owing to high postoperative risk of infection and complication, meticulous hemostasis and careful wound closure is mandatory.
Arthroplasty* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee* ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Venous Thrombosis ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: To determine whether the up-regulation of the differentiation related gene (Drg-1) enhances the progression of prostate cancer into the androgen independent phenotype, via escaping androgen signal transduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A full length of Drg-1 cDNA was obtained using the Drg-1 primer, which was inserted into LNCaP cells. The sensitivities of dihydrotestosterone and bicalutamide were then examined. In addition, the level of the Drg-1 gene expression was examined in derivatives of the LNCaP cell lines obtained from the orthotopic animal model. RESULTS: The Drg-1 transfected LNCaP cells, which highly expressed the Drg-1, were established (LNCaP/D2). The LNCaP/D2 slowly grew in a culture medium, supplemented with 10% charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum, whereas the control cells did not. When the sensitivities of DHT and bicalutamide were examined, the PC-3 and LNCaP/D2 cells were not sensitive to either. The metastatic androgen independent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP-AI-Lung), which were obtained from the orthotopic animal model, showed higher levels of Drg-1 expression than the parental cells. CONCLUSIONS: Androgen dependent prostate cancer cells, expressing high levels of the Drg-1 gene, behave like androgen independent prostate cancer cells. This finding suggest that the Drg-1 gene may play an important role in the initiation of an androgen-independent state.
Cell Line ; Charcoal ; Dihydrotestosterone ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Parents ; Phenotype ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Signal Transduction ; United Nations ; Up-Regulation*

Intestinal malrotation is a developmental anomaly resulting from embryologic failure of fixation and rotation of the gut and predisposed to midgut volvulus and small bowel obstruction. Acute midgut volvulus is most often encountered in the newborn period. But older children and adults may have a history of intermittent episodes of partial volvulus presenting with recurrent colicky abdominal pain accompanying bilious vomiting. We experienced a case of intestinal malrotation complicated by midgut volvulus presented with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain in a 6-year-old boy.
Abdominal Pain* ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Volvulus* ; Male ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: To investigate the causes of structural degradation in Ti-6A1-4V alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared 20 metal specimens by cutting the fringe of 4 screw holes of tibial components taken from 5 cases of MG TKS(unused: 1, 3 years used: 2, 6 years used: 2). The structure and composition of specimens were analyzed by Scanning electron microscope(SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), and hardness tester. RESULTS: In soft tissue, titanium contained giant cells were observed by H-E stain, and Ti and Va peaks were detected by EDS. SEM showed that the unused specimens had normal metal fiber mesh texture, and the texture began to disappear from the surface of specimens after 3 years later. There were no metal fiber mesh, but black deposits were detected in specimens of 6 years. EDS revealed that Ti, Va, and Al peaks were appeared in the unused specimens, whereas 0 and C peaks in specimens of 3 years a#od 0, C, P, S, Ca and Cl peaks in specimens of 6 years were obtained. The hardness was decreased with the used period. CONCLUSION: It seemed that various molecular components of human body including carbon, hydrogen and oxygen influenced the metal elements of alloy to degrade in their structure.
Alloys* ; Carbon ; Giant Cells ; Hardness ; Hardness Tests ; Human Body ; Humans* ; Hydrogen ; Oxygen ; Titanium

OBJECTIVES: In order to investigate the effect of cultural and ethnic differences on the development of self-image, we conducted a cross-cultural study on Korean, Korean-Chinese and Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1576 Korean middle and high school students in Seoul/Choongju, 665 Korean-Chinese students and 634 Chinese students living in Yunbyun, China participated in this study. The Korean version of the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire was administered to Korean students, and the Chinese version of the questionnaire was administered to Korean-Chinese and Chinese students. The data obtained from all subjects were analyzed according to ethnicity and age variable through ANOVA. RESULTS: A significant difference across ethnicity was found in the 12 subscales and the total self-image score of OSIQ-R. Korean adolescents obtained significantly higher scores in all of the 11 subscales except the sexuality subscale than Korean-Chinese and Chinese adolescents. Korean-Chinese adolescents obtained significantly higher scores on the ethical value, idealism, family functioning, social functioning, impulse control, self-confidence and total self-image scores than Chinese adolescents, whereas Chinese adolescents obtained significantly higher scores in the subscales of emotional tone, sexuality, vocational attitudes, and self-reliance than Korean-Chinese adolescents. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the possibility that the difference in ethnicity(Korean versus Chinese), the tradition associated with each ethnic group, and the cultural-political factor(democracy versus socialism) significantly affects the development of self-image in adolescents. Although Korean-Chinese adolescents seemed to show cultural pluralism between Korean and Chinese cultures, they were similar to Korean adolescents in their tendency to respond in socially desirable ways, which suggests that although raised under the different cultural systems, traditional Korean ethical values were learned and internalized within the family.
Adolescent* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Cultural Diversity ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sexuality

The present study reports two cases of femoral component fracture using Whiteside Ortholoc prosthesis(Dow Corning Wright, Arlington, Tennessee) with cement. The causes of the fracture were investigated by radiological findings, prosthetic design and metallurgical study using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). Respectively, the findings from this study are summarized as follows. In X-ray study, one case had valgus 3 mechanical axis(normal: valgus 7 axis) while the other case had 10 tibial anterior slope(normal: 10 posterior slope). The medial side of femoral component fractured in both cases. The fracture site was in the junction between the posterior bevel and distal surface of the medial side of femoral component. The analysis of the prosthetic design showed that the Whiteside Ortholoc femoral stem was thinner, and shorter at the site of posterior bevel surface of the femoral stem than other TKA(Total Knee Arthroplasty) system. The metallurgical study by SEM showed that the crack was developed initially near the inner surface of fractured femoral component and was extended to the outer surface. Carbon particles were detected in the fractured femoral component by EDS. The findings imply that operating technique is very important especially during bone cutting and soft tissue balance in TKA. It is also proposed from this study that a minor design modification such as a thicker and longer Whiteside Ortholoc femoral component would be better and that the cast-iron ware of TKA system has to he produced by careful metallurgical process, that precludes the incorporation of any foreign material such as carbon particles.
Arthroplasty* ; Carbon ; Knee* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Zea mays

A total of 51 cases of pleomorphic adenoma was obtained from the pathologic files of Chosun University hospital from january, 1980 December, 1989. The studies of clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electronmicroscopic examination showed the following results. The peak age incidence of the pleomorphic adenoma in this study was in the 5th decade and no significant difference in the incidence between male and female patients was observed. The most common histologic type of myoepithelial data showed positive reactions of the myoepithelial cells to cytokeratin and S-100 protein in the solid, myxoid, and chondroid area. The electronmicroscopic examination of the myoepithelial cells revealed myofilaments, dense bodies, desmosomes, and basement membrane suggesting epithelial origin of these cells. In conclusion, the pleomorphic adenoma seems to be derived from epithelial component and the variable stromal change may be derived from modified myoepithelial cells considering the results of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Adenoma