Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy that mainly affects skeletal muscle. FSHD1 accounts for 95% of all FSHD cases and can be diagnosed based on the pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array on chromosome 4q35. Genetic diagnosis of FSHD1 is challenging because of the large size and repetitive nature of the D4Z4 region. We evaluated the clinical applicability of optical genome mapping (OGM) for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1. Methods: We included 25 individuals with clinically confirmed or suspected/probable FSHD and their families. Ultra-high-molecular-weight DNA from peripheral blood was labeled, stained, and imaged using a single-molecule OGM platform (Bionano Genomics Saphyr system). D4Z4 repeat size and haplotype information were analyzed using the manufacturer’s dedicated pipeline. We also compared the workflow and test time between Southern blot analysis and OGM. Results: We obtained concordant OGM and Southern blot results with 10 samples from patients with clinically confirmed FSHD. The D4Z4 repeat size differed within 1 unit between the Southern blot analysis and OGM. Among nine patients with clinically suspected or probable FSHD, six patients were confirmed to have pathogenic contractions by OGM.In our cohort, one de novo mosaic FSHD1 patient was successfully diagnosed with OGM.Moreover, OGM has a more straightforward and less time-consuming workflow than Southern blot analysis. Conclusions OGM enables accurate and reliable detection of pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array and is a valuable tool for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy that mainly affects skeletal muscle. FSHD1 accounts for 95% of all FSHD cases and can be diagnosed based on the pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array on chromosome 4q35. Genetic diagnosis of FSHD1 is challenging because of the large size and repetitive nature of the D4Z4 region. We evaluated the clinical applicability of optical genome mapping (OGM) for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1. Methods: We included 25 individuals with clinically confirmed or suspected/probable FSHD and their families. Ultra-high-molecular-weight DNA from peripheral blood was labeled, stained, and imaged using a single-molecule OGM platform (Bionano Genomics Saphyr system). D4Z4 repeat size and haplotype information were analyzed using the manufacturer’s dedicated pipeline. We also compared the workflow and test time between Southern blot analysis and OGM. Results: We obtained concordant OGM and Southern blot results with 10 samples from patients with clinically confirmed FSHD. The D4Z4 repeat size differed within 1 unit between the Southern blot analysis and OGM. Among nine patients with clinically suspected or probable FSHD, six patients were confirmed to have pathogenic contractions by OGM.In our cohort, one de novo mosaic FSHD1 patient was successfully diagnosed with OGM.Moreover, OGM has a more straightforward and less time-consuming workflow than Southern blot analysis. Conclusions OGM enables accurate and reliable detection of pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array and is a valuable tool for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy that mainly affects skeletal muscle. FSHD1 accounts for 95% of all FSHD cases and can be diagnosed based on the pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array on chromosome 4q35. Genetic diagnosis of FSHD1 is challenging because of the large size and repetitive nature of the D4Z4 region. We evaluated the clinical applicability of optical genome mapping (OGM) for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1. Methods: We included 25 individuals with clinically confirmed or suspected/probable FSHD and their families. Ultra-high-molecular-weight DNA from peripheral blood was labeled, stained, and imaged using a single-molecule OGM platform (Bionano Genomics Saphyr system). D4Z4 repeat size and haplotype information were analyzed using the manufacturer’s dedicated pipeline. We also compared the workflow and test time between Southern blot analysis and OGM. Results: We obtained concordant OGM and Southern blot results with 10 samples from patients with clinically confirmed FSHD. The D4Z4 repeat size differed within 1 unit between the Southern blot analysis and OGM. Among nine patients with clinically suspected or probable FSHD, six patients were confirmed to have pathogenic contractions by OGM.In our cohort, one de novo mosaic FSHD1 patient was successfully diagnosed with OGM.Moreover, OGM has a more straightforward and less time-consuming workflow than Southern blot analysis. Conclusions OGM enables accurate and reliable detection of pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array and is a valuable tool for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy that mainly affects skeletal muscle. FSHD1 accounts for 95% of all FSHD cases and can be diagnosed based on the pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array on chromosome 4q35. Genetic diagnosis of FSHD1 is challenging because of the large size and repetitive nature of the D4Z4 region. We evaluated the clinical applicability of optical genome mapping (OGM) for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1. Methods: We included 25 individuals with clinically confirmed or suspected/probable FSHD and their families. Ultra-high-molecular-weight DNA from peripheral blood was labeled, stained, and imaged using a single-molecule OGM platform (Bionano Genomics Saphyr system). D4Z4 repeat size and haplotype information were analyzed using the manufacturer’s dedicated pipeline. We also compared the workflow and test time between Southern blot analysis and OGM. Results: We obtained concordant OGM and Southern blot results with 10 samples from patients with clinically confirmed FSHD. The D4Z4 repeat size differed within 1 unit between the Southern blot analysis and OGM. Among nine patients with clinically suspected or probable FSHD, six patients were confirmed to have pathogenic contractions by OGM.In our cohort, one de novo mosaic FSHD1 patient was successfully diagnosed with OGM.Moreover, OGM has a more straightforward and less time-consuming workflow than Southern blot analysis. Conclusions OGM enables accurate and reliable detection of pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4-repeat array and is a valuable tool for the genetic diagnosis of FSHD1.

New Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease were developed based on literature reviews by the Korean Dry Eye Guideline Establishment Committee, a previous dry eye guideline by Korean Corneal Disease Study Group, a survey of Korean Dry Eye Society (KDES) members, and KDES consensus meetings. The new definition of dry eye was also proposed by KDES regular members. The new definition by the regular members of the KDES is as follows: “Dry eye is a disease of the ocular surface characterized by tear film abnormalities and ocular symptoms.” The combination of ocular symptoms and an unstable tear film (tear breakup time <7 seconds) was considered as essential components for the diagnosis of dry eye. Schirmer test and ocular surface staining were considered adjunctive diagnostic criteria. The treatment guidelines consisted of a simplified stepwise approach according to aqueous deficiency dominant, evaporation dominant, and altered tear distribution subtypes. New Korean guidelines can be used as a simple, valid, and accessible tool for the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease in clinical practice.