Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases with spontaneous renal vascular rupture, and discuss the possible causes and treatment methods of this disease. Methods The clinical data and treatment methods of the 2 patients with spontaneous renal vascular rupture treated with renal artery embolization in Universal Global Xi'an Beihuan Hospital were analyzed. Relevant literature was reviewed to summarize the possible causes of this condition. Results The patients had no obvious history of trauma and no obvious abnormal coagulation function, and sought treatment due to sudden lumbar and abdominal pain. Laboratory tests revealed significantly decreased hemoglobin level, and elevated blood glucose (27.8, 27.6mmol/L). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated perirenal hematoma and active bleeding. The bleeding arteries were located at the terminal branches of the anterior renal artery. Precise embolization was performed using CT angiography and selective renal artery angiography plus embolization, achieving an immediate hemostasis success rate of 100%. Postoperative hemoglobin level stabilized, and follow-up CT scans showed significant absorption of the perirenal hematoma without significant deterioration of renal function. Based on literature review and case analysis, the possible cause of spontaneous renal vascular rupture in these two patients was renal vascular sclerosis due to long-term diabetes. Other common etiologies of this condition included renal tumor, vascular malformation, and hypertension. Conclusion Spontaneous renal vascular rupture is rare. Renal artery embolization, as aminimally invasive treatment, can effectively control bleeding and protect renal function. The specific pathogenesis of this condition still requires further investigation. Long-term diabetes mellitus with poor blood glucose control may be associated factors, but more evidence is needed.

Objective To explore differentially expressed proteins in the serum exosomes of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients and healthy controls by using the proteomics method,and provide new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.Methods A total of 76 AML patients diagnosed and treated in the First People's Hospital of Honghe State from November 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the experimental group,and 60 healthy physical examination participants were selected as the control group.Tandem Mass Tag(TMT)labeled proteomics was used to identify the differences in protein expression in serum exosomes between the experimental and control groups,and the identified differentially expressed proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analysis.Western-Blot was used to verify the differentially expressed proteins.Results Comparedwith healthy controls,146 aberrantly expressed proteinswere detected in serum exosomes of AML patients,of which 89 were up-regulated and 57 were down-regulated.Among them,Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin(α1-ACT),Angiogenin(ANG),Vitronectin(VIT),Clusterin(Clu),Fibronectin(FN),Keratin type I cytoskeletal-18(KRT18),and actinin alpha4(ACTN4)showed changed significantly.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expresseproteins were involved in biological processes such as neutrophil immunity,neutrophil degranulation,neutrophil activation immune response,and protein activation cascade,significantly enriched in 25 biological pathways including complement and coagulation cascades,extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction,and hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathways.Western-blot validation results showed that compared with the control group,the expression levels of ANG,Clu and FN in the serum exosomes of AML patients were significantly increased,while the expression level of ACTN4 was significantly decreased,with statistically significant differences(t=-11.854～18.569,all P<0.05).The expression levels of ANG and FN were correlated with white blood cell count(F=8.888,7.818,all P<0.05)and cytogenetics(F=8.619,7.983,P<0.05).The expression level of Clu protein was correlated with white blood cell count(F=2.571,P<0.05),but not significantly associated with cytogenetics(F=1.886,P>0.05).ANG,FN and Clu showed no significant correlation with FAB classification(F=0.175,0.434,0.042,all P>0.05).Conclusion The expression of exosomal proteins in the serum of AML patients compared to healthy individuals are significant differences,which may serve as serological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.

Objective To explore differentially expressed proteins in the serum exosomes of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients and healthy controls by using the proteomics method,and provide new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.Methods A total of 76 AML patients diagnosed and treated in the First People's Hospital of Honghe State from November 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the experimental group,and 60 healthy physical examination participants were selected as the control group.Tandem Mass Tag(TMT)labeled proteomics was used to identify the differences in protein expression in serum exosomes between the experimental and control groups,and the identified differentially expressed proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analysis.Western-Blot was used to verify the differentially expressed proteins.Results Comparedwith healthy controls,146 aberrantly expressed proteinswere detected in serum exosomes of AML patients,of which 89 were up-regulated and 57 were down-regulated.Among them,Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin(α1-ACT),Angiogenin(ANG),Vitronectin(VIT),Clusterin(Clu),Fibronectin(FN),Keratin type I cytoskeletal-18(KRT18),and actinin alpha4(ACTN4)showed changed significantly.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expresseproteins were involved in biological processes such as neutrophil immunity,neutrophil degranulation,neutrophil activation immune response,and protein activation cascade,significantly enriched in 25 biological pathways including complement and coagulation cascades,extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction,and hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathways.Western-blot validation results showed that compared with the control group,the expression levels of ANG,Clu and FN in the serum exosomes of AML patients were significantly increased,while the expression level of ACTN4 was significantly decreased,with statistically significant differences(t=-11.854～18.569,all P<0.05).The expression levels of ANG and FN were correlated with white blood cell count(F=8.888,7.818,all P<0.05)and cytogenetics(F=8.619,7.983,P<0.05).The expression level of Clu protein was correlated with white blood cell count(F=2.571,P<0.05),but not significantly associated with cytogenetics(F=1.886,P>0.05).ANG,FN and Clu showed no significant correlation with FAB classification(F=0.175,0.434,0.042,all P>0.05).Conclusion The expression of exosomal proteins in the serum of AML patients compared to healthy individuals are significant differences,which may serve as serological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of AML.

Aging is an inevitable, physiological process of the human body, leading to deterioration in bodily function and increased susceptibility to various diseases. Effective endogenous therapeutic strategies for anti-aging and related diseases remain limited. Exercise confers multifaceted benefits to physical health by augmenting osteogenic and myogenic processes, enhancing cardiovascular and nervous system function, and attenuating chronic inflammation. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis play pivotal roles in anti-aging, tissue repair, and immune response modulation, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets for age-related diseases. Modulating angiogenic and lymphangiogenic pathways may provide a promising strategy for mitigating vascular decline and immune system dysfunction associated with aging. Exercise-induced endogenous angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis can exert beneficial effects on physiological function, thereby representing a potential therapeutic paradigm for combating age-related decline and diseases. This review offers a thorough summary of the present knowledge regarding angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis induced by exercise, encompassing the underlying mechanisms and the effects in different organs. In addition, it explores the potential of physical activity as a non-pharmacological intervention for anti-aging strategies and disease management, offering novel insights into the intersection of physical activity, aging, and disease progression.
Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis/physiology* ; Aging/physiology* ; Exercise/physiology* ; Animals ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology* ; Angiogenesis

[Objective] To explore the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using a flexible negative pressure suction sheath in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones >2 cm in diameter, to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease. [Methods] Clinical data of 155 patients who underwent surgery for upper urinary tract stones during Nov.2022 and Nov.2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into 3 groups: percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) group (n=54), conventional sheath RIRS group (n=41), and flexible sheath RIRS group (n=60). The general and clinical data of the 3 groups were compared. [Results] The PCNL group had more patients with severe hydronephrosis (22.22% vs. 4.88%, 5.00%, P=0.027) and smaller IPA involving the lower calyx [(36.17±17.6)° vs. (48.57±17.56)°, (47.41±10.82)°, P=0.014] than the conventional sheath RIRS group and flexible sheath RIRS group.Three days after operation, the stone-free rate (SFR) was 90.74%, 53.66% and 78.33% in the PCNL, conventional sheath RIRS, and flexible sheath RIRS groups, respectively (P<0.05). At 1 month postoperatively, the SFR was 92.59%, 73.17%, and 81.67%, with no statistically significant difference between the PCNL and flexible sheath RIRS groups (P>0.05), but was higher than that in the conventional sheath RIRS group (P<0.05). The PCNL group had shorter operation time than the two RIRS groups [(65.22±17.67) min vs. (91.73±20.57) min, (94.38±24.75) min, P<0.001], longer postoperative hospital stay [(5.0(4.0, 7.0) d vs.3.0(2.0, 4.0) d, 3.0(2.0, 4.0) d, P<0.001], greater decrease in hemoglobin level [(18.00±5.78) g/L vs. (5.57±5.16) g/L, (7.42±5.09) g/L, P<0.001], and higher visual analogue scale (VAS) score [(4.83±1.48) min vs. (2.95±1.07) min, (3.05±1.21) min, P<0.001], while there was no difference between the two RIRS groups (P>0.05). The costs were lower in the flexible sheath RIRS group than in the conventional sheath RIRS group but higher than in the PCNL group [(23 311.19±1 341.20)yuan vs.(24 550.49±1 172.51)yuan, (15 351.97±1 101.4)yuan, P<0.001]. The overall incidence of complications was similar among the three groups, but stone street occurred only in the conventional sheath RIRS group. [Conclusion] For the treatment of patients with upper urinary tract stones >2 cm, RIRS has shorter postoperative hospital stay, lower hemoglobin decrease, and lower VAS score compared to PCNL; the early postoperative SFR of flexible sheath RIRS is superior to that of conventional sheath RIRS, and the 1-month SFR is comparable to that of PCNL, with a low incidence of stone street.

Objective: To understand the occurrence and predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a referential framework for schools to carry out targeted mental health education. Methods: From October to December 2022, 8 500 first grade students from 23 middle schools were selected from 11 minority areas in Yunnan Province by cluster random sampling method. Demographic information and data relating to the students lifestyles were collected by questionnaire, and the Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Chi square test was performed to compare differences in the detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students for univariate analysis. A decision tree model of depressive symptoms in middle school students was established by using the Chi squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID). Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province was 28.26%. The decision tree model of depressive symptoms was academic stress ( χ 2=469.08) at the first level, breakfast behaviors (low/moderate academic stress: χ 2=155.49; severe academic stress: χ 2=105.24) at the second level, and the number of close friends (low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 0- 2 days weekly: χ 2=23.15; low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=14.99; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 0-2 days weekly: χ 2=29.26; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=20.15), ethnicity ( χ 2=78.22) and drinking ( χ 2=50.36) at the third level ( P <0.01). Conclusions The study identifies academic stress, breakfast behaviors, number of close friends, drinking and ethnicity as predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province. Schools should develop targeted strategies for preventing and managing depressive symptoms in middle school students, so as to reduce their occurrence.

Objective: To determine the latent class of dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting mental health among border middle school students. Methods: A cluster random sampling involving 8 500 first grade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey between October to December 2022. The Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess the depressive symptoms and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect eating behavior data. The latent profile analysis model was used to fit the latent class of dietary patterns among students. The association between the dietary pattern latent class and depressive symptoms was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: The depressive symptom detection rate among firstgrade middle school students was 28.3%. Prevalence of depressive symptom in girls (30.9%) was higher than boys (25.5%) with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=29.83, P <0.01). The dietary patterns among first grade middle school students were classified into four latent classes, as follows:class 1 (low consumption of all dietary components), class 2 (high consumption of fruit, milk and dairy products), class 3 (high consumption of vegetables and meat, and low consumption of processed foods) and class 4 (low consumption of milk, dairy products and eggs, and high consumption of processed foods). After adjusting for confounding variables, the class 3 dietary pattern was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR=0.62, 95%CI =0.52-0.74) and the class 4 dietary pattern was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI =1.05-1.57) ( P <0.05), compared with the class 1 dietary pattern. Conclusions Multi ethnic first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province follow various dietary patterns. Unhealthy dietary patterns increase the risk of depressive symptoms. The dietary patterns of multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province should be adjusted to promote the establishment of healthy dietary patterns and reduce the risk of depression symptoms in middle school students.

Objective: To investigate the association of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with insomnia and depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students from Yunnan Province, so as to provide evidence to guide interventions for the treatment of these symptoms in this population. Methods: From October to December 2022, 8 500 firstgrade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province were selected by cluster random sampling. Depressive symptoms, SSB consumption, and insomnia symptoms among students were evaluated by the Child Depression Scale (CDI), dietary frequency questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between SSB consumption, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and their interaction effects among students. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 28.3%, and having insomnia symptoms ( OR=6.07, 95%CI =5.46-6.75), consuming carbonated beverages ( OR=1.20, 95%CI =1.08-1.34), tea ( OR=1.13, 95%CI =1.02-1.25), energy drinks ( OR=1.36, 95%CI =1.23-1.50), and other beverages ( OR=1.32, 95%CI =1.19-1.45) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students ( P < 0.05). Carbonated beverages (additive effect: OR=2.96, 95%CI =2.72-3.22, multiplicative effect: OR=4.75, 95%CI =4.25- 5.32 ), fruit drinks (additive effect: OR=2.61, 95%CI =2.40-2.82; multiplicative effect: OR=4.43, 95%CI =3.94-4.97), tea (additive effect: OR=2.70, 95%CI =2.47-2.89; multiplicative effect: OR=4.34, 95%CI =3.86-4.89), energy drinks (additive effect: OR=2.82, 95%CI =2.61-3.05; multiplicative effect: OR=4.48, 95%CI =3.92-5.12), sweetened milk (additive effect: OR= 2.73, 95%CI =2.06-2.96; multiplicative effect: OR=4.61, 95%CI =4.12-5.17) and other beverages (additive effect: OR= 2.73 , 95%CI =2.53-2.95; multiplicative effect: OR=4.56, 95%CI =4.00-5.20) had both additive and multiplicative effects with insomnia, and increased the risk of depressive symptoms in first grade middle school students ( P <0.01). Conclusions The interaction between the consumption of SSB and insomnia symptoms may increase the risk of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province. It is necessary to advocate middle school students to reduce SSB intake, in order to decrease the occurrence of depressive symptoms among this population.

Humans ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Consciousness Disorders ; Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; Brain

Spasticity is a kind ofdyskinesia that often occurs after central nervous system injury.The reason for its occurrence is caused by lack of control and recombination of pyramidal system and extrapyramidal nerve fibers,and often leads to increased tension and hyperreflexia of affected muscle groups.For patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DoC) after brain injury,the occurrence of such symptoms is very common,but effective treatment is rarely reported.The current treatment mainly includes intrathecal injection of baclofen and soft splint to solve joint contracture.Other therapeutic schemes still need further research,including acupuncture,botulinum toxin injection,and deep brain electrical stimulation.This article is summarized as follows.