Objective:To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of metabolites derived from the kidney-reinforcing, blood circulation-activating, and collateral dredging decoction on the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) KM3 cells.Methods:MM KM3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12% metabolites of kidney-reinforcing, blood circulation-activating, and collateral dredging decoction. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Mitochondrial and cellular ultrastructural changes were examined using transmission electron microscopy. mRNA and protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1), and E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) were determined through quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with network pharmacology, was utilized for reverse verification of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and therapeutic targets underlying the anti-MM activity of this decoction.Results:The metabolites of the kidney-reinforcing, blood circulation-activating, and collateral dredging decoction inhibited KM3 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy revealed increased mitochondrial fission and autophagic structures, with effects intensifying at higher metabolite concentrations. mRNA and protein expression of Drp1, Fis1, MFF, Pink1, and Parkin were significantly upregulated in treatment groups compared to controls ( P<0.05), with the most pronounced effects observed in the 12% metabolite group ( P<0.01). HPLC-MS/MS identified 121 bioactive compounds in BHTF, which shared 474 overlapping targets with MM. Enrichment analysis suggested that BHTF exerts antitumor effects primarily through apigenin, palmatine, and other key components by modulating TNF, NF-κB, and mitophagy pathways. Conclusion:The kidney-reinforcing and blood circulation-activating and collateral dredging decoction suppresses the proliferation of MM KM3 cells, potentially through mechanisms involving the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and induction of autophagy.

Pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)is closely linked to a variety of neurological disorders,involved in the onset and progression of a wide range of diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury through such mechanisms as aerobic glycolysis,oxidative stress,inflammation and apoptosis.This review is intended to provide an overview of the biological characteristics of PKM2 and its role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders.A better understanding of the correlations between PKM2 and the development of neurological diseases can offer new insights into and references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.

Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of endoscopic spinal surgery performed via the Kambin's triangle approach and the posterior interlaminar approach on patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation(LDH)and concurrent lateral recess stenosis.Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw fixation at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patient information including sex,age,diagnosis,surgical level,presence and type of postoperative neurological complications was recorded.Based on postoperative CT scans,the zone and grade of screw penetration were assessed,and the distribution of different types of pedicle screw penetration was documented.The association between specific types of pedicle screw penetration and the occurrence of postoperative neurological symptoms was then analyzed.Results The operation time and postoperative hospital stay in the Kambin group were significantly shorter than those in the interlaminar group(P<0.05).On postoperative day 1 and at 1 month postoperatively,the VAS scores in the Kambin group were significantly lower than those in the interlaminar group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of ODI scores on postoperative day 1 and at 3 months postoperatively,or in the postoperative area of lateral recess stenosis(P>0.05).One case of postoperative infection was reported in the interlaminar group.Conclusions For patients with LDH and lateral recess stenosis,endoscopic spinal surgery via the Kambin's triangle approach is associated with a shorter operative duration.Both the Kambin's triangle approach and the interlaminar approach can effectively improve functional outcomes and decompress the lateral recess.However,the interlaminar approach requires further optimization to minimize the risk of complications.

Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of endoscopic spinal surgery performed via the Kambin's triangle approach and the posterior interlaminar approach on patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation(LDH)and concurrent lateral recess stenosis.Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw fixation at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patient information including sex,age,diagnosis,surgical level,presence and type of postoperative neurological complications was recorded.Based on postoperative CT scans,the zone and grade of screw penetration were assessed,and the distribution of different types of pedicle screw penetration was documented.The association between specific types of pedicle screw penetration and the occurrence of postoperative neurological symptoms was then analyzed.Results The operation time and postoperative hospital stay in the Kambin group were significantly shorter than those in the interlaminar group(P<0.05).On postoperative day 1 and at 1 month postoperatively,the VAS scores in the Kambin group were significantly lower than those in the interlaminar group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of ODI scores on postoperative day 1 and at 3 months postoperatively,or in the postoperative area of lateral recess stenosis(P>0.05).One case of postoperative infection was reported in the interlaminar group.Conclusions For patients with LDH and lateral recess stenosis,endoscopic spinal surgery via the Kambin's triangle approach is associated with a shorter operative duration.Both the Kambin's triangle approach and the interlaminar approach can effectively improve functional outcomes and decompress the lateral recess.However,the interlaminar approach requires further optimization to minimize the risk of complications.

Objective:To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of metabolites derived from the kidney-reinforcing, blood circulation-activating, and collateral dredging decoction on the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) KM3 cells.Methods:MM KM3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12% metabolites of kidney-reinforcing, blood circulation-activating, and collateral dredging decoction. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Mitochondrial and cellular ultrastructural changes were examined using transmission electron microscopy. mRNA and protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1), and E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) were determined through quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with network pharmacology, was utilized for reverse verification of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and therapeutic targets underlying the anti-MM activity of this decoction.Results:The metabolites of the kidney-reinforcing, blood circulation-activating, and collateral dredging decoction inhibited KM3 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy revealed increased mitochondrial fission and autophagic structures, with effects intensifying at higher metabolite concentrations. mRNA and protein expression of Drp1, Fis1, MFF, Pink1, and Parkin were significantly upregulated in treatment groups compared to controls ( P<0.05), with the most pronounced effects observed in the 12% metabolite group ( P<0.01). HPLC-MS/MS identified 121 bioactive compounds in BHTF, which shared 474 overlapping targets with MM. Enrichment analysis suggested that BHTF exerts antitumor effects primarily through apigenin, palmatine, and other key components by modulating TNF, NF-κB, and mitophagy pathways. Conclusion:The kidney-reinforcing and blood circulation-activating and collateral dredging decoction suppresses the proliferation of MM KM3 cells, potentially through mechanisms involving the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and induction of autophagy.

BACKGROUND:Calcium phosphate(CaP)coatings are widely used to improve the integration of titanium implants into bone but these coatings are associated with risks of infection.It is thus desirable to confer antibacterial properties to CaP coatings. OBJECTIVE:To prepare CaP-MgO composite coatings by impregnating magnesium oxide(MgO)sol into CaP coatings and assess the in vitro antibacterial activities and cytocompatibility. METHODS:An electrolyte was determined by titration and used for CaP coating electrodeposition on titanium(referred to as Ti-CaP).MgO was impregnated into the coating by immersing in an MgO sol with different mass fractions(15%,30%,50%)and subsequently calcined to form MgO-CaP composite coatings,which were recorded as Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg,respectively.Microstructure,tensile properties,critical load,and Mg2+ release of coatings in vitro were characterized.Antibacterial activity was assayed using spread plate method by culturing S.aureus on the pure titanium sheet surface and Ti-CaP,Ti-Cap-15mg,Ti-Cap-30mg and Ti-Cap-50mg surfaces for 24 and 48 hours.Mouse osteoblast suspension was inoculated on pure titanium sheets and Ti-CaP,Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg coated titanium sheets,respectively.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay,and cell survival rate was calculated.The morphology of composite coating soaked in DMEM was also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Homogeneous,microporous CaP coatings consisting of octacaclium phosphate crystal flakes were prepared on titanium by electrodeposition.After sol impregnation-calcination,MgO aggregates were filled into the inter-flake voids.The extent of MgO filling and Mg concentration in the coating increased with the number of sol impregnation procedures.When immersed in phosphate buffered saline,all composite coatings actively released Mg2+ within 1 day;subsequently,the Mg2+ release slowed down on day 3.A small amount of Mg2+ release was still detected on day 7.The yield strength,tensile strength and fracture growth rate of Ti-CaP-30Mg coated titanium were not significantly different from those of pure titanium(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the critical load of Ti-CaP,Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg groups(P>0.05).(2)Except that pure titanium sheet and Ti-CaP had no antibacterial properties,the other samples had good antibacterial properties,and the antibacterial rate increased with the increase of MgO content in the coating.(3)After 1 and 3 days of co-culture,the cell survival rate of Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg groups was lower than that of pure titanium group and Ti-CaP group(P<0.05).After 5 and 7 days of culture,there was no significant difference in cell survival rate among five groups(P>0.05).The content of MgO in the coating decreased gradually with the time of immersion in the medium.(4)The MgO sol impregnation added antibacterial properties to the CaP coatings while retained their biocompatibility.

ObjectiveTo study the differences in volatile oil content of bran-processed Atractylodes lancea and its standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder， as well as the differences in the types and contents of chemical components in volatile oil， and to clarify the quality value transmitting. MethodTen batches of A. lancea rhizoma were collected and prepared into raw products and bran-processed products of A. lancea， standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder of bran-processed A. lancea in order to extract the volatile oil， and the transfer rate of volatile oil in each sample was calculated. Quantitative analysis of the main chemical components（β-eudesmol， atractylon， atractylodin） in each volatile oil was performed by gas chromatography（GC） on the HP-5 quartz capillary column（0.32 mm×30 m， 0.25 μm） with a flame ionization detector（FID）， a split ratio of 10∶1 and a temperature program（initial temperature at 80 ℃， hold for 1 min， rise to 150 ℃ at 10 ℃·min^-1， hold for 10 min， rise to 155 ℃ at 0.5 ℃·min^-1， hold for 5 min， rise to 240 ℃ at 8.5 ℃·min^-1， hold for 8 min）. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） were used to explore the overall differences in types and contents of chemical components between the standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder. ResultThe transfer rates of volatile oil in the bran-processed products， standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder were 70.51%， 1.57% and 40.90%， respectively. The average transfer rates of β-eudesmol， atractylon and atractylodin in the volatile oil of bran-processed A. lancea were 58.45%， 48.49% and 55.64%， respectively. In the standard decoction concentrate， only β-eudesmol and atractylodin were detected， and their average transfer rates were 0.22% and 0.10%， respectively. And only β-eudesmol was detected in the freeze-dried powder with the average transfer rate of 8.37%. The results of cluster analysis and PCA showed that there are obvious differences in the types and contents of chemical components between the standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder. ConclusionThe quality value transmitting between bran-processed A. lancea and its standard decoction concentrate and freeze-dried powder is stable， and if the freeze-dried powder is selected as the reference material of dispensing granules， appropriate amount of volatile oil should be added back to make it consistent with the quality of the standard decoction concentrate.

OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation and properties of the hyaluronic acid (HA)/α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) material (hereinafter referred to as composite material). METHODS: Firstly, the α-CSH was prepared from calcium sulfate dihydrate by hydrothermal method, and the β-TCP was prepared by wet reaction of soluble calcium salt and phosphate. Secondly, the α-CSH and β-TCP were mixed in different proportions (10∶0, 9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3, 5∶5, and 3∶7), and then mixed with HA solutions with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively, at a liquid-solid ratio of 0.30 and 0.35 respectively to prepare HA/α-CSH/ β-TCP composite material. The α-CSH/β-TCP composite material prepared with α-CSH, β-TCP, and deionized water was used as the control. The composite material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, initial/final setting time, degradation, compressive strength, dispersion, injectability, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS: The HA/α-CSH/β-TCP composite material was prepared successfully. The composite material has rough surface, densely packed irregular block particles and strip particles, and microporous structures, with the pore size mainly between 5 and 15 μm. When the content of β-TCP increased, the initial/final setting time of composite material increased, the degradation rate decreased, and the compressive strength showed a trend of first increasing and then weakening; there were significant differences between the composite materials with different α-CSH/β-TCP proportion ( P<0.05). Adding HA improved the injectable property of the composite material, and it showed an increasing trend with the increase of concentration ( P<0.05), but it has no obvious effect on the setting time of composite material ( P>0.05). The cytotoxicity level of HA/α-CSH/β-TCP composite material ranged from 0 to 1, without cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION The HA/α-CSH/β-TCP composite materials have good biocompatibility. Theoretically, it can meet the clinical needs of bone defect repairing, and may be a new artificial bone material with potential clinical application prospect.
Calcium Phosphates ; Bone and Bones ; Phosphates

A case of a 69-year-old female patient, with cough, expectoration, chest tightness and shortness of breath for 10 days accompanied by left pleural effusion, was reported. Initially, a large number of suspected malignant lymphoma cells were found in the patient′s pleural effusion through routine cell morphological examination after admission, which was the direction of clinical diagnosis and treatment in the next step. Then the patient was diagnosed as primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through imaging, bone marrow and lung biopsy pathology. Finally, the patient was treated effectively with R-CHOP regimen, but she died of respiratory failure 9 weeks later, because she did not receive regular follow-up and treatment after the sixth chemotherapy cycle. Primary pulmonary DLBCL, an extremely rare extranodal lymphoma' lacks specificity clinical manifestations and is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed. DLBCL with a large number of malignant pleural effusion progresses rapidly and has a poor prognosis. The routine cell morphology examination of pleural effusion is simple and intuitive, which can capture key information in the shortest time, preliminarily provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas, and provide accurate basis for disease diagnosis.

【Objective】 To analyze the cause of single-ELISA reactive of four blood screening items in 18 blood stations in Henan, so as to provide the basis for improving the quality of blood screening. 【Methods】 The single-ELISA reactive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP of 18 blood station laboratories in Henan throughout 2019 was calculated, and the causes were analyzed according to different ELISA reagent combinations and gray area settings in each laboratory. 【Results】 The overall single-ELISA reactive rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP were 1.740(2 154/1 237 789), 0.564‰(698/1 237 789), 1.421‰(1 759/1 237 789) and 1.561‰(1 932/1 237 789), respectively, showing significant differences by detection items (P <0.05). Person correlation analysis showed that the single-ELISA reactive rate was independent of the gray area settings.but dependent on laboratories and reagent combinations. The single-ELISA reactive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP in D laboratory was the highest and higher than that in other labs using the same reagent.The laboratories with high HBsAg single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using a combination of imported reagents and domestic reagents, including the top 6 laboratories. The laboratories with high anti-HCV single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using certain domestic reagents. No obvious rules was noticed by single-ELISA reactive for anti-HIV. Laboratories with high anti-TP single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using combination 4. 【Conclusion】 The HBsAg single-ELISA reactive rate was the highest in the four blood screening items of blood station laboratories in Henan. The single-ELISA reactive rate is related to the laboratory itself and the reagent manufacturer, suggesting that laboratory quality control should be strengthened and proper reagent combination should be selected to reduce the waste of blood.