Objective:To study the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on adhesive properties of moderate fluorosis dentin.Methods:From August to September 2024, a total of 30 freshly extracted, non-carious and non-defective mandibular molars with moderate dental fluorosis, extracted for impaction or orthodontic reasons, were collected from the patients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Guiyang Stomatological Hospital and randomly divided into three groups (Groups A, B, and C, n = 10) using a simple randomization method, and pretreated for 60 s with normal saline (Group A), 17%EDTA gel (Group B), and 2%CHX solution (Group C), respectively. Subsequently, microtensile bonding strength testing and microleakage evaluation were performed. Results:The immediate bonding strengths of Groups A, B, and C were (14.23 ± 4.75), (20.94 ± 7.46), and (28.76 ± 14.61) MPa, respectively, and the bonding strengths after aging were (9.89 ± 3.81), (19.05 ± 7.85), and (22.15 ± 8.67) MPa, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in both immediate and aged bonding strengths among the three groups ( F = 6.08, 8.07, P = 0.010, 0.002). The immediate bonding strength of Group C was significantly higher than that of Group A ( P < 0.05), and the post aging bonding strength of both Group B and Group C was significantly higher than that of Group A ( P < 0.05). The proportion of silver staining area with microleakage in Groups A, B, and C were 21.87% (14.65%, 40.15%), 2.34% (1.87%, 5.29%), and 17.54% (4.59%, 20.47%), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups ( H = 27.36, P = 0.001). The proportion of silver stained area with microleakage in Group B was significantly lower than that in Group A and Group C, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Pretreatment of moderate fluorosis dentin with 2%CHX or 17%EDTA can improve resin bongding performance, with EDTA being superior in reducing microleakage and CHX being better in enhancing adhesion strength.

Objective:To study the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on adhesive properties of moderate fluorosis dentin.Methods:From August to September 2024, a total of 30 freshly extracted, non-carious and non-defective mandibular molars with moderate dental fluorosis, extracted for impaction or orthodontic reasons, were collected from the patients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Guiyang Stomatological Hospital and randomly divided into three groups (Groups A, B, and C, n = 10) using a simple randomization method, and pretreated for 60 s with normal saline (Group A), 17%EDTA gel (Group B), and 2%CHX solution (Group C), respectively. Subsequently, microtensile bonding strength testing and microleakage evaluation were performed. Results:The immediate bonding strengths of Groups A, B, and C were (14.23 ± 4.75), (20.94 ± 7.46), and (28.76 ± 14.61) MPa, respectively, and the bonding strengths after aging were (9.89 ± 3.81), (19.05 ± 7.85), and (22.15 ± 8.67) MPa, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in both immediate and aged bonding strengths among the three groups ( F = 6.08, 8.07, P = 0.010, 0.002). The immediate bonding strength of Group C was significantly higher than that of Group A ( P < 0.05), and the post aging bonding strength of both Group B and Group C was significantly higher than that of Group A ( P < 0.05). The proportion of silver staining area with microleakage in Groups A, B, and C were 21.87% (14.65%, 40.15%), 2.34% (1.87%, 5.29%), and 17.54% (4.59%, 20.47%), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups ( H = 27.36, P = 0.001). The proportion of silver stained area with microleakage in Group B was significantly lower than that in Group A and Group C, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Pretreatment of moderate fluorosis dentin with 2%CHX or 17%EDTA can improve resin bongding performance, with EDTA being superior in reducing microleakage and CHX being better in enhancing adhesion strength.

Obiective:To compare characteristics of alveolar macrophages(AMs)or AM-like cells in vitro cultured from different progenitors in mice of different ages in presence of GM-CSF,TGF-β and PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone(in brief,GTR),according to a previously reported optimized culture procedure.Methods:After bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and bone marrow were isolated from mice of different ages and fetal livers were isolated from embryonic-day-15～17 mice,mononuclear cells were seeded into 12-well plates and cultured in presence of GTR.Generated cells were subjected to flow cytometry analysis to analyze expressions of AM markers F4/80,CD11b,CD170 and CD11c.Results:After culture,almost all BALF-derived cells were round-shaped under light microscope,about half bone marrow-derived cells appeared round-shaped,and about 85% fetal liver-derived cells showed round-shaped morphology.Frequency of BALF-AMs from 4-week-old mice was nearly 90%.Frequency and number of BALF-AMs increased with age of mice.Number of BALF-AMs from 12-week-old mice was nearly 1×106.Frequency of bone marrow-derived AM-like cells from 4-week-old mice was lower than 20% and increased to about 40%～45% for 8-week-old and 12-week-old mice.Number of bone marrow-derived AM-like cells increased with age of mice,and about 0.8×106 cells/well bone marrow-derived AM-like cells were produced from 12-week-old mice.Frequency of fetal liver-derived AM-like cells was around 84% and their number could reach 4×106 cells/well.Conclusion:Purity and number of AMs or AM-like cells in vitro cultured from different progenitors in mice of different ages vary dramatically.Detailed condition should be chosen according to specific study requirements.

Objective:To discuss the improvement effect of uric acid(UA)on the postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in the mice anesthetized with isoflurane for a long duration,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:Twenty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,anesthesia group,and UA group,and there were eight mice in each group.The mice in UA group were injected intraperitoneally with 200 μL UA solution daily for 2 d before anesthesia.The mice in blank control group and anesthesia group were given the same volume of saline;the mice in anesthesia group and UA group were used to prepare the models of long-duration isoflurane anesthesia,while the mice in blank control group were untreated.Y-maze tests was used to detect the alternation success rate,movement distances,and movement speeds of the mice in various groups;situational fear experiment was used to detect the percentages of freezing time;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-10,and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor(mBDNF)proteins in hippocampus tissue of the mice in various groups.Results:The Y-maze test results showed that compared with blank control group,the alternation success rate of the mice in anesthesia group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with anesthesia group,the alternation success rate of the mice in UA group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The situational fear experiment results showed that compared with blank control group,the percentage of freezing time of the mice in anesthesia group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with anesthesia group,the percentage of freezing time of the mice in UA group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The cued memory experiment resutls showed that there were no significant differences of the percentage of freezing time of the mice between various groups(P>0.05).The Western blotting results showed that compared with blank control group,the expression level of IL-1β protein in hippocampus tissue of the mice in anesthesia group was increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of IL-10 and mBDNF proteins were decreased(P<0.01);compared with anesthesia group,the expression level of IL-1β protein in hippocampus tissue of the mice in UA group was decreased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of IL-10 and mBDNF proteins were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:UA can improve the POCD in the mice,and its mechnasim may be related with its anti-inflammatory activity inhibiting the central inflammation and upregulating the mBDNF protein expression.

Microglia (MG) are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the first defense line of CNS damage. The maintenance of MG function requires abundant energy, and lipid can serve as an energy source for the brain when glucose utilization is limited, and lipid can also function as signaling molecule. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and MG lipid metabolism plays an important role in the development of this disease. Drugs targeting lipid metabolism provide a new direction for AD treatment. This review starts with the specific mechanism of lipid metabolism in MG, and briefly introduces the effect of lipid metabolism on MG function and its role in AD.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread quickly across 114 countries/territories/areas in six continents worldwide and has been announced as a pandemic by WHO. This study analyzed global COVID-19 epidemiological trends, examined impact of the pandemic on global health security, diplomacy, and social environment in China, and provided short- and long-term strategic policy recommendations for China’s subsequent preparedness and responses.

Objective To explore the feasibility of single port laparoscopy in classification and treatment of Meckel's diverticulum in children and its guiding treatment.Methods The clinical data in 75 children cases of Meckel's diverticulum with symptoms treated in our hospital from Aug.2011 to Aug.2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Meckel's diverticulum was classified under single port laparoscopy.The operation modes were selected according to different classifications.The excised materials were submitted to the pathologic examination.Results Among 75 children cases,50 cases were the simple type of Meckel's diverticulum and 25 cases were complex type of Meckel's diverticulum.The average operative time in the simple type and complex type was (38.93±8.75) min and(55.64 ± 13.27) min respectively,average bleeding amounts were (46.58 ± 15.81) mL and (50.12 [16.90) mL respectively,average postoperative hospitalization time was (7.33±1.41)d and (7.52 ± 1.68)d respectively,the operative time in the simple type was less than that in the complex type(P＜0.05),the other two indexes had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The ectopic gastric mucosal pathological change was only seen in the simple type,while the inflammatory manifestation in the complex type had higher proportion.The main clinical manifestations were lower gestational tract bleeding and infection.The two groups all obtained follow up.One case of simple type appeared the symptoms of abdominal pain and hematochezia and was cured after the second operation.Conclusion Meckel's diverticulum can be divided into the simple type and complex type under single port laparoscopy.The operation mode can be selected according to different types.This method is safe and reliable and is worthy of being clinically promoted.

Cotinus coggygria Scop. is theAnacardiaceae Cotinus L. plant and used for natural drugs in the treatment of acute icteric infectious hepatitis. The pharmacological research showed thatCotinus coggygria Scop. has the effects of reducing jaundice and enzyme, gallbladder Cholagogic and strengthen immune function. The current research onCotinus coggygria Scop. is still not deep enough, the pharmacological effects ofCotinus coggygria Scop. are mostly limited to the anticoagulant, hemolytic and anti liver chemical injury. In order to better study the scientific connotation of antitumor ofCotinus coggygria Scop., the active ingredient ofCotinus coggygria Scop., pharmacological action and clinical application were reviewed.

Objective We retrospectively analyzed the causes,diagnosis,clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of 17 patients with rhabdomyolysis.Methods Rhabdomyolysis cases diagnosed from January 2005 to March 2014 in our department were included.Results A total of 17 rhabdomyolysis patients (male 13,mean age (60.4 ± 15.7)years) were analyzed.Four cases had coronary heart disease combined with hypertension,hyperlipaemia,atrial fibrillation,10 cases had dilated cardiomyopathy combined with coronary heart disease,hyperlipaemia,atrial fibrillation,8 cases had atrial fibrillation combined with hypertension,coronary heart disease,hyperlipaemia,1 patient had pulmonary embolism combined with hyperlipaemia,1 patient had aortic dissection combined with hypertension,10 hypertension patients were combined with coronary heart disease,hyperlipaemia,atrial fibrillation,aortic dissection and 1 patient with ventricular tachycardia was combined with depression.Various degrees of liver and kidney dysfunction,reduced hemoglobin and myoglobinuria were found in all patients.Fever was found in 7 cases,relevant neurological signs in 5 cases.Digestive tract discomfort and muscle weakness or muscle pain symptoms were seen in all patients during hospitalization.All cases underwent renal replacement therapy and respirator was used in 14 patients to support breathing.Post therapy,10 cases improved but 7 cases died.All 17 patients had history of statin use.Conclusion Statin may be the major cause of rhabdomyolysis in these patients,and the mortality of rhabdomyolysis is high despite various therapy stratigies.

Objective To characterize the clinical features of patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).Methods Totally 42 patients with CA admitted to Guangdong General Hospital since 2008 were included and retrospectively analyzed in the present study.CA was confirmed by abdomen and endocardium biopsy examination.Clinical manifestations,electrocardiogram and echocardiography were collected for the evaluation.Results Several clinic features are common in CA.In the present study,37 cases (88.1％) presented with chest tightness,dyspnea,20 cases(47.6％) with chest pain,27 cases(64.3％) with right heart failure,27 cases (64.3％) with fatigue,and 30 cases (71.4％) with renal insufficiency and proteinuria.Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed that 32 of the patients (76.2％) were with low voltage in limb leads,29 cases (69％) of them were with poor R wave progression in precordial leads,17 cases (40.5％) with ST-T change,28 cases(66.7％) with pseudo-necrotic Q wave and 36 cases (85.7％) with various kinds of arrhythmia.Echocardiography indicated that all of the subjects (100％) were with different degrees of left ventricular posterior wall or ventricular septal thickness,and left atrial hypertrophy with different degree of myocardial grain appearance or ground-glass opacity.Thirty-six cases (85.7％) were with pericardial effusion,and 27 cases (64.3％) were with abnormal left ventricular eject function.Conclusion For those who were with unexplained clinical cardiac insufficiency,renal insufficiency,myocardial hypertrophy,but normal of ventricular size in echocardiography and low voltage on ECG limb leads,a tissue biopsy from abdomen,labial glands or endocardium should be considered in the diagnosis of CA.