Objective:To investigate the effects of red laser versus plasma transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) on urinary and sexual function in patients under 65 years of age with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Method:This study was a retrospective analysis. Eighty BPH patients under 65 years old, admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected. Among them, 40 patients who underwent 980 nm semiconductor red laser TUERP with pre-resection of the urethral mucosa 1 cm proximal to the verumontanum at the prostatic apex and preservation of bladder neck integrity were assigned to the Red Laser Group. Another 40 patients who underwent conventional TURP with a plasma resectoscope were assigned to the Plasma Group. Clinical data and 6-month postoperative follow-up data were collected. Changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score, ejaculatory function score, and ejaculatory discomfort score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. The incidence rates of decreased semen volume, retrograde ejaculation, and painful ejaculation at 6 months postoperatively were also compared.Results:At 6 months postoperatively, IPSS decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels and was lower in the Red Laser Group than in the Plasma Group [(4.7±1.3) points vs. (6.3±2.2) points, t=-4.46, P<0.001]. Qmax increased in both groups compared to preoperative levels and was higher in the Red Laser Group than in the Plasma Group [(25.7±1.3) ml/s vs. (22.6±1.2) ml/s, t=10.76, P<0.001]. The ejaculatory function score in the Plasma Group was lower than its own preoperative level [(5.9±0.7) points vs. (11.1±1.6) points, t=5.33, P<0.001] and lower than that in the Red Laser Group [(5.9±0.7) points vs. (11.4±0.9) points, t=7.56, P<0.001]. The ejaculatory discomfort score in the Plasma Group was higher than its own preoperative level [(3.0±1.5) points vs. (0.8±0.6) points, t=4.26, P<0.001] and higher than that in the Red Laser Group [(3.0±1.5) points vs. (0.8±0.6) points, t=5.83, P<0.001]. The incidence rates of decreased semen volume and retrograde ejaculation in the Red Laser Group were lower than those in the Plasma Group [12.5% (5/40) vs. 50.0% (20/40), 10.0% (4/40) vs. 45.0% (18/40), χ2=15.84, 12.65, respectively, both P<0.001]. Conclusions:Using 980 nm semiconductor red laser TUERP with pre-resection of the urethral mucosa 1 cm proximal to the verumontanum and preservation of bladder neck integrity can improve urinary and sexual function in BPH patients under 65 years of age.

Objective:To explore the effects of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with early complete transection of the urethral mucosa at the tip of the prostate on urinary control function and sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:Eighty patients with BPH who underwent holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University from January 2019 to January 2023 were collected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The observation group underwent early holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with early complete transection of the urethral mucosa at the tip of the prostate, while the control group underwent conventional holmium laser prostatectomy. The general conditions, urinary control function and sexual function of the two groups of patients after the operation were compared. The adverse ejaculation conditions 6 months after the operation were recorded.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in age and prostate volume between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative indwelling urinary catheter time and postoperative hospital stay in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS) score, Quality of Life (QOL) score, the maximum flow rate (Qmax), and post void residual (PVR) in the bladder of the two groups of patients 6 months after the operation were compared with those before the operation, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores and Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) grades of the two groups of patients 6 months after surgery compared with those before surgery (all P>0.05), and there were also no statistically significant differences between the groups (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the ejaculation function score and ejaculation distress score 6 months after the operation in the observation group compared with those before the operation (all P>0.05), while in the control group, the ejaculation function score 6 months after the operation was lower than that before the operation, and the ejaculation distress score was higher than that before the operation (all P<0.05). The ejaculation function score and ejaculation distress score of the observation group 6 months after the operation were significantly better than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The incidences of retrograde ejaculation and reduced semen volume 6 months after the operation in the observation group were both lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of rapid ejaculation, ejaculation pain, hematospermia, etc. between the two groups of patients 6 months after the operation (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, early complete transection of the urethral mucosa at the tip of the prostate has an improving effect on urinary control function and sexual function in patients with BPH, and increases the confidence in postoperative life and satisfaction with orgasm of BPH patients.

Objective:To explore the effects of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with early complete transection of the urethral mucosa at the tip of the prostate on urinary control function and sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:Eighty patients with BPH who underwent holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University from January 2019 to January 2023 were collected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The observation group underwent early holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with early complete transection of the urethral mucosa at the tip of the prostate, while the control group underwent conventional holmium laser prostatectomy. The general conditions, urinary control function and sexual function of the two groups of patients after the operation were compared. The adverse ejaculation conditions 6 months after the operation were recorded.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in age and prostate volume between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative indwelling urinary catheter time and postoperative hospital stay in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS) score, Quality of Life (QOL) score, the maximum flow rate (Qmax), and post void residual (PVR) in the bladder of the two groups of patients 6 months after the operation were compared with those before the operation, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores and Erection Hardness Grading Scale (EHGS) grades of the two groups of patients 6 months after surgery compared with those before surgery (all P>0.05), and there were also no statistically significant differences between the groups (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the ejaculation function score and ejaculation distress score 6 months after the operation in the observation group compared with those before the operation (all P>0.05), while in the control group, the ejaculation function score 6 months after the operation was lower than that before the operation, and the ejaculation distress score was higher than that before the operation (all P<0.05). The ejaculation function score and ejaculation distress score of the observation group 6 months after the operation were significantly better than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The incidences of retrograde ejaculation and reduced semen volume 6 months after the operation in the observation group were both lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of rapid ejaculation, ejaculation pain, hematospermia, etc. between the two groups of patients 6 months after the operation (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, early complete transection of the urethral mucosa at the tip of the prostate has an improving effect on urinary control function and sexual function in patients with BPH, and increases the confidence in postoperative life and satisfaction with orgasm of BPH patients.

Objective:To investigate the effects of red laser versus plasma transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) on urinary and sexual function in patients under 65 years of age with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Method:This study was a retrospective analysis. Eighty BPH patients under 65 years old, admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected. Among them, 40 patients who underwent 980 nm semiconductor red laser TUERP with pre-resection of the urethral mucosa 1 cm proximal to the verumontanum at the prostatic apex and preservation of bladder neck integrity were assigned to the Red Laser Group. Another 40 patients who underwent conventional TURP with a plasma resectoscope were assigned to the Plasma Group. Clinical data and 6-month postoperative follow-up data were collected. Changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score, ejaculatory function score, and ejaculatory discomfort score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. The incidence rates of decreased semen volume, retrograde ejaculation, and painful ejaculation at 6 months postoperatively were also compared.Results:At 6 months postoperatively, IPSS decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels and was lower in the Red Laser Group than in the Plasma Group [(4.7±1.3) points vs. (6.3±2.2) points, t=-4.46, P<0.001]. Qmax increased in both groups compared to preoperative levels and was higher in the Red Laser Group than in the Plasma Group [(25.7±1.3) ml/s vs. (22.6±1.2) ml/s, t=10.76, P<0.001]. The ejaculatory function score in the Plasma Group was lower than its own preoperative level [(5.9±0.7) points vs. (11.1±1.6) points, t=5.33, P<0.001] and lower than that in the Red Laser Group [(5.9±0.7) points vs. (11.4±0.9) points, t=7.56, P<0.001]. The ejaculatory discomfort score in the Plasma Group was higher than its own preoperative level [(3.0±1.5) points vs. (0.8±0.6) points, t=4.26, P<0.001] and higher than that in the Red Laser Group [(3.0±1.5) points vs. (0.8±0.6) points, t=5.83, P<0.001]. The incidence rates of decreased semen volume and retrograde ejaculation in the Red Laser Group were lower than those in the Plasma Group [12.5% (5/40) vs. 50.0% (20/40), 10.0% (4/40) vs. 45.0% (18/40), χ2=15.84, 12.65, respectively, both P<0.001]. Conclusions:Using 980 nm semiconductor red laser TUERP with pre-resection of the urethral mucosa 1 cm proximal to the verumontanum and preservation of bladder neck integrity can improve urinary and sexual function in BPH patients under 65 years of age.

Objective To observe the value of MR lymphangiography(MRL)radiomics for evaluating central conducting lymphatic anomaly(CCLA).Methods Sixty-one patients with complex lymphatic anomaly,including 41 CCLA(group A),20 non-CCLA(generalized lymphatic anomaly and Gorham-Stout disease)and 20 subjects with normal thoracic duct(group B,n=38)were retrospectively enrolled.Cervical and thoracic(combined with abdominal if necessary)MRL was acquired using three-dimensional heavily T2W fast spin echo sequence.ROI was delineated along overall thoracic duct,and radiomics features were extracted.Data sets of group A and B were divided into K subsets using 5-fold cross-validation.The union of(K-1)subset was always used as training set,while the other subsets were used as validation set.Radiomics model was constructed based on support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of SVM model for assessing CCLA.Results The proportions of bifurcation,cystoid change and extension of main thoracic duct,and extension of terminal thoracic duct in group A were all higher,while of normal main and terminal thoracic duct in group A were both lower than those in group B(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of proportions of multiple thoracic ducts,dextral thoracic duct,part of thoracic duct invisible,multiple terminal thoracic ducts,cystoid change of terminal thoracic duct nor terminal thoracic duct pampiniform was found between groups(all P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive,negative predictive and AUC of SVM model for evaluating CCLA in training set was 78.95％,97.56％,88.61％,96.77％,83.33％and 0.920,respectively,which in validation set was 78.95％,83.57％,82.28％,83.33％,81.40％and 0.833,respectively.Conclusion MRL radiomics could be used to effectively evaluate CCLA.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 980 nm semiconductor laser preablation of urethra mucosa at the prostatic tip in small volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:The case data of 120 patients diagnosed with small volume BPH in the Yan′an University Affiliated Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into improved group and conventional group according to different treatment methods, with 60 cases in each group. Patients in the improved group were treated with 980 nm semiconductor laser preablation of urethra mucosa at the prostatic tip, and patients in the conventional group were treated with 980 nm semiconductor laser vaporization of prostate. The sexual function of the patients was evaluated by the international erectile function index-5(IIEF-5) score, erectile hardness score (EHS) and retrograde ejaculation before surgery and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. International prostate symptom scale (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, the maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) and postvoid residual urine (PVR) were used to evaluate urinary control function. The incidence of urinary incontinence, bladder neck contracture and other complications were compared between the two groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups. The count data were expressed as cases and percentage, and Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:There was no significant difference in PVR, Qmax, IPSS score, QOL score, IIEF-5 score and EHS score between two groups ( P>0.05). In terms of PVR, Qmax, IPSS score, QOL score, IIEF-5 score and EHS score at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, all these parameters were significantly improved compared with the preoperative, the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in IIEF-5 score and EHS score between the two groups during postoperative follow-up and before and after operation ( P> 0.05). The incidence of retrograde ejaculation rate in the improved group was lower than that in the conventional group during the follow-up 1, 3, 6 months after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the follow-up 1, 3 months after surgery, the incidence of stress urinary incontinence in the improved group was lower than that in the conventional group, the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). At follow-up 6, 12 months after surgery, the rates of stress urinary incontinence were similar between the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P> 0.05). In the follow-up 12 months after surgery, there were 2 cases (3.33%) of bladder and neck contracture in the improved group, and 8 cases (13.33%) in the conventional group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of 980 nm semiconductor laser preablation of urethra mucosa at the prostatic tip in small volume BPH patients is similar to that of conventional vaporization, and the operation time is short. At the same time, the proximal 1 cm tissue of the verticulae and the integrity of the bladder neck are preserved, and the internal and external sphincter of the urethra are protected, thus improving the immediate postoperative urinary control rate and the incidence of retrograde ejaculation in small volume BPH patients.

Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are a type of mesenchymal stem cells with broad application potential.Due to their multipotent differentiation capabilities and ease of access,DPSCs have become a focus of research in the field of ophthalmology.In recent years,DPSCs have shown the potential clinical applications in the treatment of corneal epithelial injuries and retinal degenerative diseases.DPSCs can promote the corneal epithelial regeneration and reconstruction by differentiating into the corneal epithelial cells and inhibiting the M1 macrophages.Additionally,DPSCs can differentiate into the retinal photoreceptor-like cells and retinal ganglion-like cells,replace original retinal neurons,secrete neurotrophic factors to mediate injury repair,promote retinal regeneration,and improve the original function of the retina.This article systematically reviews the relevant domestic and international literatures in recent years,discussing the biological characteristics of DPSCs and the research progress in their applieation in the treatment of corneal and retinal diseases,with the aim of providing insights and strategies for the study of DPSCs in translational medicine and ophthalmic-related diseases.

Objective: To understand the occurrence and predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a referential framework for schools to carry out targeted mental health education. Methods: From October to December 2022, 8 500 first grade students from 23 middle schools were selected from 11 minority areas in Yunnan Province by cluster random sampling method. Demographic information and data relating to the students lifestyles were collected by questionnaire, and the Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Chi square test was performed to compare differences in the detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students for univariate analysis. A decision tree model of depressive symptoms in middle school students was established by using the Chi squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID). Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province was 28.26%. The decision tree model of depressive symptoms was academic stress ( χ 2=469.08) at the first level, breakfast behaviors (low/moderate academic stress: χ 2=155.49; severe academic stress: χ 2=105.24) at the second level, and the number of close friends (low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 0- 2 days weekly: χ 2=23.15; low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=14.99; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 0-2 days weekly: χ 2=29.26; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=20.15), ethnicity ( χ 2=78.22) and drinking ( χ 2=50.36) at the third level ( P <0.01). Conclusions The study identifies academic stress, breakfast behaviors, number of close friends, drinking and ethnicity as predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province. Schools should develop targeted strategies for preventing and managing depressive symptoms in middle school students, so as to reduce their occurrence.

Objective: To determine the latent class of dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting mental health among border middle school students. Methods: A cluster random sampling involving 8 500 first grade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey between October to December 2022. The Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess the depressive symptoms and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect eating behavior data. The latent profile analysis model was used to fit the latent class of dietary patterns among students. The association between the dietary pattern latent class and depressive symptoms was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: The depressive symptom detection rate among firstgrade middle school students was 28.3%. Prevalence of depressive symptom in girls (30.9%) was higher than boys (25.5%) with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=29.83, P <0.01). The dietary patterns among first grade middle school students were classified into four latent classes, as follows:class 1 (low consumption of all dietary components), class 2 (high consumption of fruit, milk and dairy products), class 3 (high consumption of vegetables and meat, and low consumption of processed foods) and class 4 (low consumption of milk, dairy products and eggs, and high consumption of processed foods). After adjusting for confounding variables, the class 3 dietary pattern was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR=0.62, 95%CI =0.52-0.74) and the class 4 dietary pattern was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI =1.05-1.57) ( P <0.05), compared with the class 1 dietary pattern. Conclusions Multi ethnic first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province follow various dietary patterns. Unhealthy dietary patterns increase the risk of depressive symptoms. The dietary patterns of multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province should be adjusted to promote the establishment of healthy dietary patterns and reduce the risk of depression symptoms in middle school students.

Objective: To investigate the association of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with insomnia and depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students from Yunnan Province, so as to provide evidence to guide interventions for the treatment of these symptoms in this population. Methods: From October to December 2022, 8 500 firstgrade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province were selected by cluster random sampling. Depressive symptoms, SSB consumption, and insomnia symptoms among students were evaluated by the Child Depression Scale (CDI), dietary frequency questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between SSB consumption, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and their interaction effects among students. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 28.3%, and having insomnia symptoms ( OR=6.07, 95%CI =5.46-6.75), consuming carbonated beverages ( OR=1.20, 95%CI =1.08-1.34), tea ( OR=1.13, 95%CI =1.02-1.25), energy drinks ( OR=1.36, 95%CI =1.23-1.50), and other beverages ( OR=1.32, 95%CI =1.19-1.45) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students ( P < 0.05). Carbonated beverages (additive effect: OR=2.96, 95%CI =2.72-3.22, multiplicative effect: OR=4.75, 95%CI =4.25- 5.32 ), fruit drinks (additive effect: OR=2.61, 95%CI =2.40-2.82; multiplicative effect: OR=4.43, 95%CI =3.94-4.97), tea (additive effect: OR=2.70, 95%CI =2.47-2.89; multiplicative effect: OR=4.34, 95%CI =3.86-4.89), energy drinks (additive effect: OR=2.82, 95%CI =2.61-3.05; multiplicative effect: OR=4.48, 95%CI =3.92-5.12), sweetened milk (additive effect: OR= 2.73, 95%CI =2.06-2.96; multiplicative effect: OR=4.61, 95%CI =4.12-5.17) and other beverages (additive effect: OR= 2.73 , 95%CI =2.53-2.95; multiplicative effect: OR=4.56, 95%CI =4.00-5.20) had both additive and multiplicative effects with insomnia, and increased the risk of depressive symptoms in first grade middle school students ( P <0.01). Conclusions The interaction between the consumption of SSB and insomnia symptoms may increase the risk of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province. It is necessary to advocate middle school students to reduce SSB intake, in order to decrease the occurrence of depressive symptoms among this population.