Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most common type of malignant kidney tumors,originating from re-nal tubular epithelial cells.The primary treatment options for RCC include surgery and targeted therapy.Despite the notable advancements in RCC research,significant challenges persist,including the high risk of metastasis and recur-rence post-surgery,as well as the low sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Ferroptosis,a form of regulated cell death first identified in 2012,has garnered significant attention due to its involvement in several cellular processes,including redox balance,iron metabolism,and various signaling pathways related to cancer progression.Given its po-tential to be modulated,ferroptosis offers significant promise for the treatment of cancers,ischemic organ damage,and other degenerative diseases associated with lipid peroxidation.This review discusses recent developments in ferroptosis research,with a particular focus on its role in RCC,and explores future research directions in this area.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a common cause of ischemic stroke. The evaluation of its structure and function is of great significance for formulating clinical intervention strategies. The indications for endovascular treatment of ICAS lesions in the past were mainly based on the degree of luminal stenosis showed by cerebral angiography, which had certain limitations. The translesional pressure ratio (PR), as an important indicator for functional assessment after arterial stenosis, has gradually received attention in the evaluation of ICAS lesions in recent years. This article reviews the evaluation methods and clinical significance of PR in ICAS lesions.

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most common type of malignant kidney tumors,originating from re-nal tubular epithelial cells.The primary treatment options for RCC include surgery and targeted therapy.Despite the notable advancements in RCC research,significant challenges persist,including the high risk of metastasis and recur-rence post-surgery,as well as the low sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Ferroptosis,a form of regulated cell death first identified in 2012,has garnered significant attention due to its involvement in several cellular processes,including redox balance,iron metabolism,and various signaling pathways related to cancer progression.Given its po-tential to be modulated,ferroptosis offers significant promise for the treatment of cancers,ischemic organ damage,and other degenerative diseases associated with lipid peroxidation.This review discusses recent developments in ferroptosis research,with a particular focus on its role in RCC,and explores future research directions in this area.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a reevaluation of the systematic review(SR)/meta-analysis on the use of Xianling gubao capsules(XLGBC)for knee osteoarthritis(KOA),and provide evidence-based support for the clinical use of the drugs.METHODS Computerized searches including CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,China Biomedical Literature Database,the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase and Web of Science were conducted to collect systematic reviews(SR)or meta-analyses of XLGBC for the treatment of KOA from the inception to May 31st,2024.The report quality,methodological quality,risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed using the PRISMA 2020 statement,AMSTAR 2 scale,ROBIS tool and GRADE tool,respectively.A comprehensive quality analysis of the quantitative results from the SR/meta-analysis was also performed.RESULTS A total of five SR/meta-analyses were included.The evaluation results based on the PRISMA 2020 statement showed that one study report was relatively complete(21 points),while four studies had deficiencies(18-20 points).The assessment using the AMSTAR 2 scale indicated that the methodological quality of all five studies was rated as very low.According to the ROBIS tool evaluation,the risk of comprehensive bias in all five studies was classified as high.GRADE tool evaluation revealed that among 49 outcome indicators,5(10.2％)were rated as moderate-quality evidence(10.2％),12 as low-quality evidence(24.5％),and 32 as very low-qualitv evidence(65.3％).The results of comprehensive quality analysis showed that the clinical efficacy,visual analogue scale score,pain relief time,comprehensive indexes of knee joint function,the levels of inflammatory factors and the incidence of adverse events in patients with XLGBC combined with conventional treatment were significantly better than conventional treatment alone(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS Compared with conventional treatment,XLGBC in combination with conventional treatment for KOA may have some efficacy and safety advantages.However,due to the low quality of evidence for the outcome indicators included in the studies,the conclusions should be interpreted with caution.

Knee osteoarthritis （KOA） is a common degenerative joint disease characterized primarily by the degeneration and damage of knee joint cartilage， accompanied by osteophyte formation and inflammation. In recent years， the prevalence of KOA has been increasing globally， significantly impacting the quality of life patients. However， the pathogenesis of KOA remains not fully understood， and current treatment methods are limited. Therefore， finding new therapeutic strategies is a research hotspot. Previous studies have found that the onset of KOA is related to abnormal mitochondrial regulation. Mitochondria， functioning as secondary messengers， play crucial roles in cellular respiration， reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation， and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） production through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial quality control is a pivotal mechanism for maintaining the morphology， quantity， and quality of mitochondria. The connection between mitochondrial quality control and the pathogenesis of KOA involves several factors， such as mitochondrial oxidative stress， mitophagy， imbalances in mitochondrial biogenesis， abnormal mitochondrial dynamics （fission and fusion）， and dysregulation of calcium ions. Metabolic abnormalities in the body lead to mitochondrial structural damage， which in turn contributes to the onset and progression of KOA. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made some progress in intervening in mitochondrial quality control， employing multi-faceted， multi-pathway， and multi-target strategies to treat KOA. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial quality control may be one of the therapeutic targets of TCM in treating KOA. However， there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the TCM interventions in mitochondrial quality control for treating KOA. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in TCM treatment of KOA based on five aspects of mitochondrial quality control， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of KOA.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke, but the international multicenter clinical studies, which are mainly based on the degree of stenosis to guide endovascular treatment, have not obtained positive results. In recent years, the evaluation of ICAS has gradually transferred from traditional anatomy (degree of stenosis) to hemodynamics and plaque characteristics. This article reviews the application of MRI in the hemodynamic evaluation of ICAS.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension is high among Chinese adults, thus, identifying non-hypertensive individuals at high risk for intervention will help to improve the efficiency of primary prevention strategies. METHODS: The cross-sectional data on 9699 participants aged 20 to 80 years were collected from the China National Health Survey in Gansu and Hebei provinces in 2016 to 2017, and they were nonrandomly split into the training set and validation set based on location. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to develop the diagnostic prediction model, which was presented as a nomogram and a website with risk classification. Predictive performances of the model were evaluated using discrimination and calibration, and were further compared with a previously published model. Decision curve analysis was used to calculate the standardized net benefit for assessing the clinical usefulness of the model. RESULTS: The Lasso regression analysis identified the significant predictors of hypertension in the training set, and a diagnostic model was developed using logistic regression. A nomogram with risk classification was constructed to visualize the model, and a website ( https://chris-yu.shinyapps.io/hypertension_risk_prediction/ ) was developed to calculate the exact probabilities of hypertension. The model showed good discrimination and calibration, with the C-index of 0.789 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.768, 0.810) through internal validation and 0.829 (95% CI: 0.816, 0.842) through external validation. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model was clinically useful. The model had a higher area under receiver operating characteristic curves in training and validation sets compared with a previously published diagnostic model based on Northern China population. CONCLUSION This study developed and validated a diagnostic model for hypertension prediction in Gansu Province. A nomogram and a website were developed to make the model conveniently used to facilitate the individualized prediction of hypertension in the general population of Han and Yugur.
Adult ; Humans ; Asian People ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Surveys ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Nomograms ; Ethnicity

Background/Aims: Binge drinking leads to many disorders, including alcoholic hepatosteatosis, which is characterized by intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular mechanisms may involve the migration of bacterial metabolites from the gut to the liver and the activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Methods: Serum samples from both binge drinking and alcohol-avoiding patients were analyzed. Mouse models of chronic plus binge alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and HCC models were used. Results: A marker of NETs formation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was significantly higher in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC patients and mice than in controls. Intrahepatic inflammation markers and HCC-related cytokines were decreased in mice with reduced NET formation due to neutrophil elastase (NE) deletion, and liver-related symptoms of alcohol were also alleviated in NE knockout mice. Removal of intestinal bacteria with antibiotics led to decreases in markers of NETs formation and inflammatory cytokines upon chronic alcohol consumption, and development of alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC was also attenuated. These functions were restored upon supplementation with the bacterial product LPS. When mice lacking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) received chronic alcohol feeding, intrahepatic markers of NETs formation decreased, and hepatosteatosis and HCC were alleviated. Conclusions Formation of NETs following LPS stimulation of TLR4 upon chronic alcohol use leads to increased alcoholic steatosis and subsequent HCC.

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in adults in order to set up programs on prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome in this population.Methods:Relevant studies were identified by systematically searching databases before October 2019. All statistical analyses were under the use of Stata 11.0.Results:A total of 656 319 participants including 150 638 cases with metabolic syndrome were involved in thes 38 articles. A U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome was noticed. For short and long sleep duration, the OR=1.11 (95% CI: 1.07-1.16) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03-1.18), respectively. Subgroup analyses on cross-sectional studies revealed that factors as men, aged under 60 years, being Asians or Caucasians would increase the risk of metabolic syndrome by 6%, 14%, 9%, and 24%, respectively for those with short sleep duration. Factors as aged 60 years and above, being black and with long sleep duration, would increase the risks of metabolic syndrome by 13% and 19%, respectively in women. In subgroup analyses on cohort studies, positive correlation between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome was observed in both Asian ( RR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13) and in Caucasians ( RR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.08-2.26) populations. Conclusions:Results of this study revealed an association between metabolic syndrome and the duration of sleep. We understand that sleep is a behavior that can be changed step by step, through adequate intervention programs, to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome which has become an important public health issue.

Objective:Breast cancer has been the first cancer among women with the incidence increasing gradually. In September 2016, the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women (BCCS-CW) was initiated, aiming to establish a standardized and sharable breast cancer-specific cohort by integrating the existing cohort resource and improving the quality of follow-up. The BCCS-CW may provide a research basis and platform for the precision prevention and treatment of breast cancer in etiology identification, prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction.Methods:We conducted a population-based perspective cohort by questionnaire interview, anthropometry, biological specimens, breast ultrasound and mammography. The cohort was followed by using regional health surveillance and ad hoc survey.Results:Finally, BCCS-CW included 112 118 women, in which 55 419 women completed the standardized investigation and blood specimens were collected from 54 304 women. The mean age of participants was 51.7 years old, 62.7% were overweight or obese, and 48.9% were menopausal.Conclusion:The BCCS-CW will provide population-based cohort resource and research platform for the precise prevention and treatment of breast cancer in Chinese women.