Swine enteric coronaviruses(SeCoVs),including transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus(SADS-CoV),are common pathogens that cause acute lethal diarrhea in neonatal piglets.TGEV and PEDV have been circulating among swine for decades with-out effective control.The recent emergence of PDCoV and SADS-CoV are not only highly patho-genic to neonatal piglets,but also pose a risk of cross-species transmission.Despite the availability of many commercial vaccines against TGEV and PEDV,they remain widespread,and there are cur-rently no vaccines available for PDCoV and SADS-CoV.Therefore,it is crucial to elucidate the pathogenesis of SeCoVs.This review describes recent developments in the invasion and immune e-vasion mechanisms of SeCoVs,and attempts to provide references for prevention and control of SeCoVs.

Swine enteric coronaviruses(SeCoVs),including transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus(SADS-CoV),are common pathogens that cause acute lethal diarrhea in neonatal piglets.TGEV and PEDV have been circulating among swine for decades with-out effective control.The recent emergence of PDCoV and SADS-CoV are not only highly patho-genic to neonatal piglets,but also pose a risk of cross-species transmission.Despite the availability of many commercial vaccines against TGEV and PEDV,they remain widespread,and there are cur-rently no vaccines available for PDCoV and SADS-CoV.Therefore,it is crucial to elucidate the pathogenesis of SeCoVs.This review describes recent developments in the invasion and immune e-vasion mechanisms of SeCoVs,and attempts to provide references for prevention and control of SeCoVs.

To study the interaction between C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and Riemerella anatipestifer (RA), we cloned duck C4BPα, conducted prokaryotic expression and prepared the polyclonal antibody by immunizing mice. Then indirect immunofluorescence assay and dot blotting hybridization assay were used to verify the interaction between C4BP and RA. The full length of duck C4BPα nucleotide sequence was 1 230 bp, with the highest similarity to chicken C4BPα (82.1%). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that duck C4BPα and chicken C4BPα were on the same phylogenetic tree branch and the genetic evolution relationship between them was the closest. C4BPα was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant proteins existed in intracellular soluble form. The titer of polyclonal antibody was more than 1:10 000 and polyclonal antibodies could specifically recognize the recombinant proteins. The results of indirect immunofluorescence assay and dot blot hybridization assay showed that RA could interact with duck C4BP. The results provide a basis to further reveal the pathogenesis of RA.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complement C4b-Binding Protein ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ducks ; classification ; genetics ; microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; Phylogeny ; Riemerella ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression level and correlation of β-catenin and neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) in thyroid carcinoma.Methods In this study,the expression levels of NCAM and β-catenin in thyroid carcinoma tissues (n=62) and thyroid adenoma tissues (n=44) collected from patients treated in Wenzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from Dec.2012 to Dec.2017 were detected by immunohistochemical staining,then its correlation with clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of NCAM in thyroid carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in thyroid adenoma tissues (12.90％ vs 90.91％,t=63.203,P=0.000).The positive expression rate of β-catenin protein in thyroid carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in thyroid adenoma tissues (82.26％ vs 6.82％,t=58.608,P=0.000).NCAM and β-catenin were negatively correlated in thyroid carcinoma tissues (r=-0.220,P=0.024).The difference of NCAM expression level was not significant among thyroid carcinoma patients with different gender,age,tumor diameter,histological type or pathological stage (t=1.960,0.054,3.335,0.807,0.218;P=0.162,0.816,0.069,0.848,0.641).The expression of NCAM in cancer tissues was significantly different in patients with different lymph node metastasis (t=8.373,P=0.004).The expression of β-catenin in cancer tissues was not significant in thyroid carcinoma patients with different gender,histological type,tumor diameter,age,lymph node metastasis or pathological stage (t=0.258,2.307,0.424,0.741,2.570,0.126;P=0.612,0.511,0.515,0.389,0.109,0.722).Conclusions In thyroid carcinoma patients,NCAM is down-regulated,and β-catenin is highly expressed.Moreover,the two indicators are negatively correlated.Additionally,NCAM expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis in thyroid carcinoma patients.