[Objective]To examine the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of smallpox in Wanshi Zuanyao,with the intention of providing useful references for pediatric research and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[Methods]This study examines the compilation process,structural organization and content sources of Wanshi Zuanyao,summarizes the academic characteristics of Wanshi Zuanyao concerning smallpox diagnosis and treatment,analyzes the quantity and characteristics of selected prescriptions,and explores the academic thoughts.Furthermore,the study discusses the reference value of Wanshi Zuanyao for monkeypox diagnosis and treatment.[Results]The unique copy of Wanshi Zuanyao was a pediatric work written by XU Zhiyi during the Ming Dynasty.Based on WAN Quan's Douzhen Xinfa,it had been carefully revised,emphasizing essential elements while eliminating redundant contents.Moreover,it incorporated supplementary content from other notable pediatric works of the Ming Dynasty.The book introduced forward,dangerous,reverse three syndromes differentiation and six stages of treatment methods,incorporating five evolutive phases and six climatic factors,along with summarizing typical case studies.Critically inheriting WAN's theories and practices for smallpox diagnosis and treatment,Wanshi Zuanyao demonstrated rigorous prescription selection criteria;modified or supplemented prescriptions for each stage of treatment,and prioritized the preservation of children's primordial Qi by excluding medicines with strong side effects.[Conclusion]Wanshi Zuanyao introduced a new approach of three syndromes differentiation and six stages of treatment,thereby advancing the principles,methods and prescriptions in the diagnosis and treatment of smallpox.The book had distinct academic characteristics,offering a clear and precise exposition of theory,accurate syndrome differentiation,judicious selection of prescriptions,and closely aligning with clinical practice.It held significance not only for studying pediatric academic thoughts in the Ming Dynasty but also provided a reference for clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis assessment of monkeypox.

[Objective]To examine the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of smallpox in Wanshi Zuanyao,with the intention of providing useful references for pediatric research and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[Methods]This study examines the compilation process,structural organization and content sources of Wanshi Zuanyao,summarizes the academic characteristics of Wanshi Zuanyao concerning smallpox diagnosis and treatment,analyzes the quantity and characteristics of selected prescriptions,and explores the academic thoughts.Furthermore,the study discusses the reference value of Wanshi Zuanyao for monkeypox diagnosis and treatment.[Results]The unique copy of Wanshi Zuanyao was a pediatric work written by XU Zhiyi during the Ming Dynasty.Based on WAN Quan's Douzhen Xinfa,it had been carefully revised,emphasizing essential elements while eliminating redundant contents.Moreover,it incorporated supplementary content from other notable pediatric works of the Ming Dynasty.The book introduced forward,dangerous,reverse three syndromes differentiation and six stages of treatment methods,incorporating five evolutive phases and six climatic factors,along with summarizing typical case studies.Critically inheriting WAN's theories and practices for smallpox diagnosis and treatment,Wanshi Zuanyao demonstrated rigorous prescription selection criteria;modified or supplemented prescriptions for each stage of treatment,and prioritized the preservation of children's primordial Qi by excluding medicines with strong side effects.[Conclusion]Wanshi Zuanyao introduced a new approach of three syndromes differentiation and six stages of treatment,thereby advancing the principles,methods and prescriptions in the diagnosis and treatment of smallpox.The book had distinct academic characteristics,offering a clear and precise exposition of theory,accurate syndrome differentiation,judicious selection of prescriptions,and closely aligning with clinical practice.It held significance not only for studying pediatric academic thoughts in the Ming Dynasty but also provided a reference for clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis assessment of monkeypox.

Objective To study the ches t X-ray and CT appearance of pulmonary nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTMB) Methods The chest X-ray findings of 22 cases with cultures positive for pulmonary nontuberculosis mycobacteria were reviewed, 10 cases had CT scans simultaneously All abnormalities and predominant lobar involvement were recorded The findings of chest X-ray and CT were compared Results The chest X-ray showed that air space consolidation ( n =19) and cavities ( n =18) were most frequently seen, nodules ( n =12) and linear disease ( n =14) were observed too The abnormalities involved bilateral multiple lobes, the right lung was more frequently involved than left, and upper lobe was involved more than lower ones Multiple manifestations were often co-existing ( n =19) On CT scans, nodule was the most frequent finding ( n =10), air space consolidation ( n =8) and cavity ( n =8) were other common findings In addition, bronchiectasis ( n =5), “tree in bud” sign ( n =3), and mediastinal lymphadenopathy ( n =2) were also seen on CT but not on chest X-ray Conclusion Air space consolidation, cavity, nodule, fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and “tree in bud” are major abnormalities of chest image The image abnormalities of pulmonary NTMB are indistinguishable from those of secondary pulmonary TB Multiple co-existing manifestations may be the characteristic findings of pulmonary NTMB infection