In the 1950s, Ian Donald first introduced ultrasound scanning technology, initiating its application in obstetrics. By the 1960s, obstetric ultrasound was initially utilized for detecting fetal abnormalities. The emergence of real-time ultrasound scanning in the 1970s enabled dynamic and continuous observation of fetal status. In the 1980s, obstetric ultrasound technology was first applied to diagnose cleft lip and palate. However, as the technology advanced, an increasing number of parents of children diagnosed with cleft lip and palate have faced the dilemma of whether to opt for therapeutic abortion. Here we described the process of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, and analyzed the subsequent issues of therapeutic abortion and ethics.

In the 1950s, Ian Donald first introduced ultrasound scanning technology, initiating its application in obstetrics. By the 1960s, obstetric ultrasound was initially utilized for detecting fetal abnormalities. The emergence of real-time ultrasound scanning in the 1970s enabled dynamic and continuous observation of fetal status. In the 1980s, obstetric ultrasound technology was first applied to diagnose cleft lip and palate. However, as the technology advanced, an increasing number of parents of children diagnosed with cleft lip and palate have faced the dilemma of whether to opt for therapeutic abortion. Here we described the process of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, and analyzed the subsequent issues of therapeutic abortion and ethics.

AIM:To investigate the changes of retinal microcirculation after phacoemulsification and the influencing factors of visual acuity.METHODS: Retrospective analysis. A total of 264 cataract patients(264 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects. Patients were divided into < 0.3 group(66 eyes)and ≥0.3 group(198 eyes)according to the recovery of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at 3 mo after surgery. The changes of retinal microcirculation indexes were compared before and after treatment. Logistic regression and LASSO regression models were used to screen the influencing factors of postoperative BCVA. A nomogram prediction model of postoperative BCVA was constructed and verified. A restricted cubic spline Logistic regression model was established to analyze the dose-response relationship between end-diastolic velocity(EDV), peak systolic velocity(PSV)and the risk of BCVA recovery.RESULTS: At 3 mo postoperatively, EDV and PSV were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and resistance index(RI)levels were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P<0.05). Preoperative EDV, PSV, aqueous humor cell grade, fundus lesion grade, advanced age and Emery grade were influencing factors for poor BCVA recovery after phacoemulsification in cataract patients(P<0.05). The AUC before and after validation of the nomogram model by Bootstrap method were 0.869(95%CI: 0.815-0.903)and 0.866(95%CI: 0.802-0.895), respectively. The sensitivity was 88.36% and 88.27%, and the specificity was 91.82% and 91.78%, respectively. Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed no nonlinear dose-response relationship between EDV and PSV levels and the risk of poor BCVA recovery in either male or female(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: After phacoemulsification, retinal microcirculation in cataract patients improved significantly. EDV, PSV, aqueous humor cell grade, fundus lesion grade, advanced age and Emery grade are all factors influencing poor BCVA recovery after cataract surgery.

In ancient times, the understanding of cleft lip and palate was largely shaped by religious, superstitious, and traditional beliefs. The earliest known record of surgical intervention for cleft lip dates back to 390 AD in Chinese literature, marking the beginning of surgical treatment for this condition. Since the 19th century, techniques for repairing cheft lip and palate have evolved from simple linear procedures to a variety of approaches aimed at better restoration of lip length, contour, and symmetry. The medical community's focus has expanded beyond merely reconstructing the physiological structure and function of cleft and palate patients, emphasizing the aesthetics of the lips and nose. With the advancement of plastic surgery, surgical goals have progressively included recreating the "Cupid's bow", preserving the philtrum, and restoring nasal morphology. This paper traces the historical evolution of the understanding and treatment of cleft lip and palate, offering a technical perspective on refining surgical techniques from functional reconstruction to aesthetic enhancement. By examining these developments, the paper reflects the growing attention in modern medicine to patients' overall well-being.

In ancient times, the understanding of cleft lip and palate was largely shaped by religious, superstitious, and traditional beliefs. The earliest known record of surgical intervention for cleft lip dates back to 390 AD in Chinese literature, marking the beginning of surgical treatment for this condition. Since the 19th century, techniques for repairing cheft lip and palate have evolved from simple linear procedures to a variety of approaches aimed at better restoration of lip length, contour, and symmetry. The medical community's focus has expanded beyond merely reconstructing the physiological structure and function of cleft and palate patients, emphasizing the aesthetics of the lips and nose. With the advancement of plastic surgery, surgical goals have progressively included recreating the "Cupid's bow", preserving the philtrum, and restoring nasal morphology. This paper traces the historical evolution of the understanding and treatment of cleft lip and palate, offering a technical perspective on refining surgical techniques from functional reconstruction to aesthetic enhancement. By examining these developments, the paper reflects the growing attention in modern medicine to patients' overall well-being.

Iron is an essential trace element for both humans and bacteria. It plays a vital role in life, such as in redox reactions and electron transport. Strict regulatory mechanisms are necessary to maintain iron homeostasis because both excess and insufficient iron are harmful to life. Competition for iron is a war between humans and bacteria. To grow, reproduce, colonize, and successfully cause infection, pathogens have evolved various mechanisms for iron uptake from humans, principally Fe 3+ -siderophore and Fe 2+ -heme transport systems. Humans have many innate immune mechanisms that regulate the distribution of iron and inhibit bacterial iron uptake to help resist bacterial invasion and colonization. Meanwhile, researchers have invented detection test strips and coupled antibiotics with siderophores to create tools that take advantage of this battle for iron, to help eliminate pathogens. In this review, we summarize bacterial and human iron metabolism, competition for iron between humans and bacteria, siderophore sensors, antibiotics coupled with siderophores, and related phenomena. We also discuss how competition for iron can be used for diagnosis and treatment of infection in the future.
Humans ; Siderophores/metabolism* ; Iron/metabolism* ; Bacteria ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Biological Transport

Objective To explore the clinical significance and operational methods during extended radical excision for pancreatic cancer combined with portal vein ( PV )/superior mesentery vein ( SMV ) resection,and to investigate the management of iatrogenic arterial injury. Methods Clinical date of 242 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing extended radical excision were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were divided into three groups, patients with PV/SMV resection were in group A (n = 51 ), patients with iatrogenic arterial injury during operation were in group B(n =5) ,patients without resection of vessels werein group C (n = 186 ). Operating time、volume of intraoperative blood transfusion, time of vascular interruption、the mean hospitalization,postoperative complications and postoperative survival analysis among three groups were compared with each other. Results Operating time in group A、B and C were (442. 85 ± 102. 32 ) min, ( 348. 62 ± 92. 31 ) min and ( 315.00 ± 83.43 ) min respectively, volume of intraoperative blood transfusion were ( 1430. 83 ± 1092. 43 ) ml、( 1420. 22 ± 794. 41 ) ml and ( 928. 19 ±571.57) ml respectively,operating time and volume of intraoperative blood transfusion were of significantly difference(P <0. 05) among the 3 groups,there was no significant difference in the mean hospitalization and postoperative complications. The postoperative median survival period was 18.4 months for patients of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with PV/SMV resection, the postoperative median survival period was 16. 1 months without PV/SMV resection, there was no significant difference between these by postoperative survival analysis. In the 51 cases with vessel resection,7 cases underwent partial resection of the vascular wall,44 cases underwent segmental resection, reconstruction of the portal vein was performed by end-to-end anastomosis in 38 patients, stent graft in 6 cases, the mean length of the PV/SMV resection was (2. 92 ±1.35 ) cm; latrngenic arterial injury occurred during operation in 5 patients ( 1 in hepatic artery, 1 in superior mesenteric artery, 3 in celiac think), the artery was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis in 4 cases,repair in 1 case. Conclusions Active and reasonable operation for pancreatic cancer with PV/SMV resection is important for improving the rate of surgical resection and the quality of life. Because of complex topography,iatrogenic vascular injury may happened frequently.