Objective To explore the bioactive components in Jiawei Xiaoyao Pills(JWXYP)and their mechanisms for alleviating depression-like behaviors.Methods The active compounds,key targets,and pathways of JWXYP were identified using TCMSP and TCMIP databases.Thirty-six SD rats were randomized equally into 6 groups including a control group and 5 chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression groups.After modeling,the 5 model groups were treated with daily gavage of normal saline,1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride(positive control drug),or JWXYP at 1.44,2.88,and 4.32 g/kg.The depression-like behaviors of the rats were evaluated using behavioral tests,and pathological changes in the liver and hippocampus were examined with HE staining.The biochemical indicators in the serum and brain tissues were detected using ELISA.Serum metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the differential metabolites using OPLS-DA,and gut microbiota changes were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing.Results Network pharmacology revealed that menthone and paeonol in JWXYP were capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier to regulate inflammatory pathways and protect the nervous system.In the rat models subjected to CUMS,treatment with JWXYP significantly improved body weight loss,sucrose preference and open field activities,reduced liver inflammation,alleviated structural changes in the hippocampal neurons,decreased serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and LBP,and increased 5-HT and VIP concentrations in the serum and brain tissue,and these effects were the most pronounced in the high-dose group.Metabolomics analysis showed changes in such metabolites as indole-3-acetamide and acetyl-L-carnitine in JWXYP-treated rats,involving the pathways for bile acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism.16S rDNA analysis demonstrated increased gut microbiota diversity and increased abundance of Lactobacillus species in JWXYP-treated rats.Conclusion JWXYP alleviates depression-like symptoms in rats by regulating the neurotransmitters,inhibiting inflammation and oxidation,and modulating gut microbiota.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the bioactive components in Jiawei Xiaoyao Pills (JWXYP) and their mechanisms for alleviating depression-like behaviors. METHODS: The active compounds, key targets, and pathways of JWXYP were identified using TCMSP and TCMIP databases. Thirty-six SD rats were randomized equally into 6 groups including a control group and 5 chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression groups. After modeling, the 5 model groups were treated with daily gavage of normal saline, 1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride (positive control drug), or JWXYP at 1.44, 2.88, and 4.32 g/kg. The depression-like behaviors of the rats were evaluated using behavioral tests, and pathological changes in the liver and hippocampus were examined with HE staining. The biochemical indicators in the serum and brain tissues were detected using ELISA. Serum metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the differential metabolites using OPLS-DA, and gut microbiota changes were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS: Network pharmacology revealed that menthone and paeonol in JWXYP were capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier to regulate inflammatory pathways and protect the nervous system. In the rat models subjected to CUMS, treatment with JWXYP significantly improved body weight loss, sucrose preference and open field activities, reduced liver inflammation, alleviated structural changes in the hippocampal neurons, decreased serum levels of TNF‑α, IL-1β, IL-6 and LBP, and increased 5-HT and VIP concentrations in the serum and brain tissue, and these effects were the most pronounced in the high-dose group. Metabolomics analysis showed changes in such metabolites as indole-3-acetamide and acetyl-L-carnitine in JWXYP-treated rats, involving the pathways for bile acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism. 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated increased gut microbiota diversity and increased abundance of Lactobacillus species in JWXYP-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS JWXYP alleviates depression-like symptoms in rats by regulating the neurotransmitters, inhibiting inflammation and oxidation, and modulating gut microbiota.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism* ; Rats ; Inflammation ; Male ; Hippocampus ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects*

In this study,the similarities and differences of plasma collection and quality control in China and abroad were analyzed by comparing the related regulations,standards,guidelines and literatures.Rational and constructive suggestions were proposed,aiming to optimize domestic plasma management and promote the improvement of plasma-related standards.There was little difference on facilities and safety control process of plasma between China and the developed countries(United States,EU and Japan),However,significant differences existed on plasma station setting,donor screening standards,collection interval,volume limits,plasma testing modes and tests,plasma quarantine standard and utilization of recovered plasma.The United States sets the industry benchmark and is worthy of reference for our country both in plasma collection and quality control.

In this study,the similarities and differences of plasma collection and quality control in China and abroad were analyzed by comparing the related regulations,standards,guidelines and literatures.Rational and constructive suggestions were proposed,aiming to optimize domestic plasma management and promote the improvement of plasma-related standards.There was little difference on facilities and safety control process of plasma between China and the developed countries(United States,EU and Japan),However,significant differences existed on plasma station setting,donor screening standards,collection interval,volume limits,plasma testing modes and tests,plasma quarantine standard and utilization of recovered plasma.The United States sets the industry benchmark and is worthy of reference for our country both in plasma collection and quality control.

Aim To investigate the inhibition role and mechanism of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell(ADMSC)exosomes(Exo)on adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction(MI).Methods The chan-ges of autophagy and inflammasomes phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts after H2O2 treatment were observed.MI rats were in-jected with an equal volume of normal saline,adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(MSC-Exo)or fibroblast exosomes(MEF-Exo)via a tail vein.The expression of autophagy related 16 like protein 1(ATG16L1),autophagy re-lated protein 7(ATG7)and NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),inflammatory response,the degree of myocardial fi-brosis,and the cardiac function were observed in different groups.Results After treatment with H2O2 on cardiac fi-broblasts,the expressions of ATG16L1 and ATG7 were significantly decreased(P＜0.001),NLRP3 was significantly in-creased(P＜0.001),and the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 were significantly elevated(P＜0.001).After MI rats were intervened with MSC-Exo,the expressions of autophagy related proteins ATG16L1 and ATG7 were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.001),NLRP3 was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.001),serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.001),fibrosis-related proteins collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ were significantly reduced(P＜0.001),myocardial fibrosis was significantly relieved(P＜0.001),and cardiac function was sig-nificantly improved(P＜0.001).Conclusion Adipose derived MSC-Exo play a role in inhibiting adverse ventricular remodeling after MI by regulating the balance of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Objective:To analyze and compare the risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke and understand the exposure levels in population.Methods:A cohort study of risk factors of stroke was conducted in a rural community in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2003, and the common risk factors of stroke were investigated at baseline survey, the cerebrovascular hemodynamics indexes were detected, the cerebrovascular function score was calculated according to the unified integral rule, and the incidence of stroke was observed in follow up. The risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were analyzed by cohort study. The risk factors for two subtypes of stroke were compared.Result:A total of 10 565 participants were included in the study, with a mean follow-up period of (11.15±2.26) years, and 103 hemorrhagic stroke cases and 268 ischemic stroke cases were observed during follow-up period. The independent risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke included decreased cerebrovascular function score [hazard ratio ( HR)=1.56, 95% CI: 1.23-1.98], history of alcohol consumption ( HR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.39-4.34), hypertension ( HR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.00-3.07) and older age ( HR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.10). The independent risk factors of ischemic stroke included decreased cerebrovascular function score ( HR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.25-1.65), smoking history ( HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.13-2.05), hypertension ( HR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.07), family history of stroke ( HR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.13-3.15), left ventricular hypertrophy ( HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.07-2.81) and older age ( HR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.08). Conclusions:Decreased cerebrovascular function score, hypertension, and older age were common independent risk factors of both types of stroke, alcohol consumption history was an independent risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke, and smoking history, and family history of stroke and left ventricular hypertrophy were independent risk factors of ischemic stroke.

Objective:To prepare cisplatin-loaded anti-progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) monoclonal antibody targeted nanobubbles, and to explore the proliferation inhibition effect and anti-cancer molecular mechanism of them on small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods:The cisplatin targeted nanobubbles were prepared by thin film hydrating method, and the physicochemical property were explored. The subcutaneous xenograft tumor models of SCLC in 10 nude mice were established, and the ultrasound molecular targeting development effect of cisplatin targeted nanobubbles was analyzed by using blank nanobubbles as control. Another 24 tumor-bearing nude mouse models were established and randomly divided into four groups: blank nanobubbles group, cisplatin group, cisplatin nanobubbles group, cisplatin targeted nanobubbles group. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The effect on SCLC proliferation was detected by CCK8 method. RT-PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect SCLC proliferation related genes the P53, Rb, c-myc protein and mRNA expression level of change, the molecular regulatory mechanism was analyzed.Results:The cisplatin targeted nanobubbles were successfully prepared. The particle size was (467.3±42.3)nm, the structure was stable. The cisplatin targeted nanobubbles had a good effect of ultrasonic molecular development in SCLC xenograft.Compared with the control group, the proliferation of SCLC cells was significantly inhibited by cisplatin targeted nanobubbles. The RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein levels of the proliferation-related gene P53 and Rb in the cisplatin targeted nanovesicles group were significantly up-regulated, and the mRNA and protein levels of c-myc were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The cisplatin targeted nanobubbles can inhibit the proliferation of SCLC, and may be used as a new potential targeted drug for the treatment of SCLC.

Objective:To explore the application effect of transitional care mode (CTM) based on protective motivation theory (PMT) in patients with urinary calculus.Methods:A total of 156 patients with urinary calculus who were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January to December 2019 were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 78 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received CTM nursing based on PMT. The two groups were followed up for 1 year. The self-care ability, self-management efficiency score and recurrence rate of calculus were compared between the two groups before and after nursing intervention.Results:After 1 year of follow-up, the recurrence rate of calculus in the observation group was 1.28% (1/78) , lower than 8.97% (7/78) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . After nursing intervention, the self-care ability and self-management efficacy of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The implementation of PMT based CTM in patients with urinary calculus can reduce the recurrence rate of calculus and improve the self-care ability and self-management efficiency of patients.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in evaluating the severity of renal artery stenosis.Methods:Eighty six patients with suspected renal artery stenosis admitted to Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2018 to July 2021 were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) and CEUS examinations. With DSA results as gold standard the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CEUS and DUS in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis were analyzed. The consistency between CEUS and DSA in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis was evaluated. The accuracy of DUS and CEUS in diagnosis of renal artery stenosis was assessed by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and compared between groups.Results:Among 153 renal arteries from 86 patients examined by DSA, 101 showed the stenosis ≥30% (49 left and 52 right renal arteries), and there were 31, 45, 20 and 5 renal arteries with grade I, II, III and IV stenosis. The sensitivity and specificity of DUS in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis were 74.3% (75/101) and 76.9% (40/52),respectively. DUS showed 21, 42, 20 and 4 renal arteries with grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ stenosis, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis were 88.1% (89/101) and 86.5%(45/52), respectively. CEUS showed 26, 43, 23 and 4 renal arteries with grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ stenosis, respectively. There was a significant difference between DUS and DSA in grading of renal artery stenosis (χ2=4.447, P=0.03),and there was a moderate consistency between DUS and DSA ( Kappa=0.480). There was no significant difference between CEUS and DSA in grading renal artery stenosis (χ2=0.842, P=0.36) with a good consistency ( Kappa=0.730). The AUC of CEUS in diagnosis of renal artery stenosis was higher than that of DUS [0.873 (95% CI: 0.808-0.938) vs. 0.756 (95% CI:0.673-0.839); Z=4.361, P<0.01]. Conclusion:The study suggests that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography may be used as a diagnostic method for grading renal artery stenosis.

Autophagy is a highly conservative cellular self-protective behavior dependent on lysosomes, and can be used as an important factor in promoting or preventing cancer, and its effect is related to the type and development of tumors. A full understanding of autophagy pathway is helpful to improve the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of oral tumors. Autophagy-related genes and signal pathways play a dual regulatory role on oral tumors. This article reviews the latest progress in the regulatory mechanism and therapeutic effect of autophagy on oral tumors.