The 2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Meeting, two of the most prestigious events in oncology, have concluded sequentially. As the most authoritative annual gatherings in lung cancer and the entire oncology field, the WCLC and ESMO conferences brought together top oncology experts and scientists from around the world to share, discuss, and publish the latest cutting-edge advancements in oncology. In both conferences, lung cancer immunotherapy remained a hot topic of considerable interest. This article aims to summarize and discuss the important research progress on perioperative immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer reported at the two conferences.

The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held from January 23 to 25, 2025. Several significant studies on the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer were presented at the symposium, highlighting notable advances, particularly in the perioperative and advanced settings. Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant promise in the neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer, showing potential to become a standard treatment. Furthermore, the long-term survival benefits of combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced GEJ cancer were further validated. This article summarizes and interprets the researches presented at the symposium concerning perioperative and advanced treatments for esophageal and GEJ cancers.

The 2025 European Lung Cancer Congress (ELCC) convened in Paris, France, centering on the optimization and innovation of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Key topics at the congress included the application strategies for perioperative immunotherapy, breakthroughs in combination therapy models for advanced NSCLC, and the emerging roles of biomarkers in predicting diverse treatment outcomes. This paper integrates data from several key pivotal studies to systematically analyze the clinical value of neoadjuvant therapy within the perioperative setting, the potential of targeted combination regimens, and the challenges of managing drug resistance, thus offering new directions for clinical practice.

Yigongsan is derived from Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi in the Northern Song dynasty， which is the No. 3 formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in September 2022， and it can be developed as a class 3.1 new TCM drug. By referring to ancient medical books and modern literature， this study conducted herbal textual research on Yigongsan from five aspects， including historical evolution， origin and processing， dosage conversion， usage and preparation methods， and functional application， then formed the key information table of this formula， in order to provide reference for the development of reference samples and preparations of Yigongsan. Based on the results of the study， it is recommended that Panax ginseng should be removed the basal part of stem（rhizoma）， Poria cocos should be removed the peel， Citrus reticulata should be cut into shreds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis should be used. According to 4.13 g/Qian（钱）， 1 g/slice for ginger， 3 g for each jujube and 300 mL/Zhan（盏）， the doses of Ginseng Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus were 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 5， 6 g， and the total amount was 19.26 g. The decocting method was to crush the medicinal materials into fine powder with 50-80 mesh， add 300 mL of water and decoct to 210 mL for each dose， then remove the dregs and take it warmly. This formula was recorded in ancient books as the main treatment for the cold-deficiency of spleen and stomach， and Qi stagnation in children with vomiting and diarrhea and lack of appetite. It has been flexibly applied by later generations of physicians， and is often used to treat anorexia， inflammation of the digestive tract， diarrhea and other diseases in children.

The 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held in San Francisco, the USA from January 18th to 20th, 2024 (local time). The multiple studies presented in this symposium will have a significant impact on the clinical practice of esophageal cancer. This article will focus on the surgical methods of esophageal cancer, perioperative immunotherapy, drug therapy for advanced esophageal cancer, rescue treatment after immunotherapy resistance, and other relevant aspects. It aims to summarize and interpret the significant advancements in the field of esophageal cancer presented in this symposium.

Objective To evaluate the potential clinical value of T2 mapping and mDixon Quant in the diagnosis of early interver-tebral disc degeneration.Methods A total of 79 volunteers who underwent lumbar MRI examination were enrolled.All subjects were examined for 3.0T MR with T2WI,T2 mapping,and mDixon Quant while recording the condition of low back pain.The differ-ences between T2 mapping(map)value and fat fraction(FF)values of the vertebral(V)and nucleus pulposus(NP)within the Pfir-rmann Ⅰ and Pfirrmann Ⅱ intervertebral disc(grade Ⅰ 76,grade Ⅱ 87)were statistically analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were performed for meaningful parameters.Results V-FF showed a mild positive correlation with degenera-tive intervertebral disc lesions,and NP-FF and NP-map values showed a mild negative correlation with lesions.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in V-FF(P＜0.001),NP-FF(P=0.005),and NP-map(P＜0.001).Some measure-ments had statistically significant differences when different intervertebral disc segments were compared.Conclusion V-FF,NP-FF,and NP-map are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration.T2 mapping and mDixon Quant are potentially valuable as diagnostic tools to quantitatively assess early intervertebral disc degeneration and help diagnose.

Background and purpose:The standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)followed by surgery.NCRT can make the tumor regress and downstage,and increase the R0 resection rate.However,individual differences in rectal cancer are large,and some patients respond poorly to nCRT and cannot benefit from nCRT.Therefore,it is necessary to establish effective screening measures to identify patients with poor response to nCRT.This study aimed to analyze the influencing factors of nCRT for LARC and construct the tumor regression prediction model.Methods:Data of 158 LARC patients who underwent total mesenteric resection after receiving nCRT at the First Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected.Baseline clinical indicators before nCRT were collected,including laboratory examination,tumor markers and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).According to the tumor size reported by MRI before and after nCRT,Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)was used to evaluate the extent of tumor regression after nCRT.After receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to standardize the clinical baseline indicators,logistic regression analysis was carried out to screen the factors affecting the tumor regression.The tumor regression prediction model was constructed by logistic regression,and the performance of the model was evaluated based on decision curve analysis(DCA)and the calibration curve.The accuracy of the model was tested by 10-fold cross-validation.Results:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 158 patients,in which,98 patients achieved complete response(CR)or partial response(PR).The objective response rate was 62%.Sixty patients had poor response to nCRT,either stable disease(SD)or progressive disease(PD).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter before treatment(P＜0.001),time to surgery after nCRT(P = 0.006),D-dimer(P = 0.010),prognostic nutrition index(PNI)(P = 0.035),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)(P = 0.004)and extramural vascular invasion(EMVI)(P = 0.026)were significantly related to tumor regression after nCRT.The area under ROC curve(AUC)of tumor regression after nCRT prediction model for LARC was 0.84(95%CI:0.780-0.899),sensitivity was 85.0%,and specificity was 72.4%.In the calibration curve,the predicted results were in good agreement with the actual results,and the prediction accuracy was good.The DCA showed that the tumor regression prediction model could bring clinical net benefit to diagnosis.Conclusion:Tumor diameter before treatment,time to surgery after nCRT,D-dimer,PNI,CEA and EMVI are independent risk factors for the tumor regression after nCRT in LARC patients.The tumor regression prediction model based on the above factors has good predictive efficacy for the tumor regression after nCRT in LARC patients.

Surgery is an important treatment for the anterior mediastinal disease. With the rapid development of minimally invasive techniques, complete resection of the lesion in most patients with thymic disease can be achieved through thoracoscopic surgery. Practice has proved that the three-port resection of anterior mediastinal thymus disease via the subxiphoid approach is an ideal surgical method for the treatment of anterior mediastinal thymic tumors at present, which has strong popularization and popularity and can benefit the patients. The procedure focuses primarily on the anterior and upper mediastinum and can thoroughly expose the anatomy of the mediastinum and both sides, with minimal intraoperative bleeding, high safety, minimal trauma and postoperative pain, and a short hospital stay. It has clear advantages over conventional thoracic open-heart surgery and transversal resection. However, the surgical approach and field of view, and intraoperative precautions of this procedure are completely different from those of previous thoracoscopic procedures, and from the subxiphoid single-port approach adopted by other centers. Based on 10 years of surgical experience at our center, a modular mode of surgical operation has been developed and its procedure has been standardized. This paper will share and discuss relevant operational points and experiences.

In recent years, basic scientific research and clinical studies on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-Exo) have developed rapidly. MSC-Exo has shown good anti-tumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. However, due to its diverse sources and functions, MSC-Exo therapy still faces many ethical issues in clinical conversion and application, including the unclear tumor types and mechanisms of action applicable to MSC-Exo, the risk/benefit issues in the process of clinical research, the lack of safety/effectiveness evaluation standards, lax access standards, and the incomplete regulatory systems. The technical guidelines and regulatory policies related to the clinical transformation and application of stem cell therapy are constantly improving. Therefore, to effectively avoid ethical risks, regulate the research and treatment related to the clinical transformation and application of MSC-Exo therapy, and improve the safety and efficacy of MSC-Exo therapy in tumor therapy, it is proposed to deepen clinical research on the relationship between MSC-Exo and tumor regulation, strengthen the risk/benefit analysis, supervise and improve the professional quality of researcher, deeply root in the principle of subjects not to be harmed, construct and perfect the relevant regulatory system, and improve the reviewing ability of the ethics committee, so as to promote the rapid clinical transformation of MSC-Exo and bring good news to cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the application prospect of 3D virtual reconstruction and printing technology based on thin-slice CT images in network cloud+dual-track teaching.Methods:A total of 120 medical students who were on probation in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as subjects and were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 60 students in each group. The students in the experimental group received 3D virtual reconstruction and printing technology combined with network cloud+dual-track teaching, and those in the control group received network cloud+dual-track teaching alone. After 6 months of learning, the teaching effect was compared by closed-book examination, skill operation, speech defense, and questionnaire survey. SPSS 23.0 was used for the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group in terms of department examination, the experimental group had significantly better scores of theoretical knowledge [(84.25±5.53) vs. (79.43±6.69), P<0.001] and operational skills [(87.68±5.72) vs. (82.97±5.32), P<0.001]. The experimental group had significantly higher scores than the control group in speech [(44.90±2.56) vs. (41.88±2.71), P<0.001] and defense [(45.83±2.62) vs. (43.85±2.56), P<0.001]. The questionnaire survey showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher scores of practical ability, active learning ability, expression ability, practice enthusiasm, and information acquisition ability ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The network cloud+dual-track teaching model assisted by 3D virtual reconstruction and printing technology can significantly improve the objective learning effect and subjective learning initiative of students and has a relatively high value of teaching application and promotion.