ObjectiveTo prepare oral nanoemulsions encapsulating essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet fructus（EOFAZ） and to investigate its pro-absorption effect in vitro and distribution in vivo. MethodThe proteoglycan conjugate polysaccharides of vinegar-processed Bupleuri Radix-bovine serum albumin（VBCP-BSA） was prepared by Maillard reaction of VBCP and BSA. Taking VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， vitamin B₁₂（VB₁₂） as absorption enhancer， and medium chain triglycerides mixed with EOFAZ as oil phase， the nanoemulsions loaded with EOFAZ was prepared by high energy emulsification method. The particle size， particle size distribution， surface Zeta potential， EOFAZ content and appearance and morphology of the nanoemulsions were characterized， and fluorescein tracer method was used to investigate the absorption effect of fluorescein-labeled EOFAZ nanoemulsions in vitro and their distribution in vivo. ResultVBCP-BSA was formed by Maillard reaction for 48 h with high grafting rate. Using VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， the homogeneous pink nanoemulsions was prepared and denoted as EOFAZ@VBCP-BSA/VB₁₂. The particle size of the nanoemulsions was less than 100 nm and the particle size distribution was uniform. The surface of the nanoemulsions was a weak negative charge， and the shape was spherical. The encapsulation rate of the nanoemulsions for EOFAZ was greater than 80%， which had a good absorption effect in vitro and could enhance liver accumulation after oral administration. ConclusionThe designed proteoglycan nanoemulsions can effectively load EOFAZ， promote oral absorption and enhance liver distribution， which can provide experimental basis for the development of oral EOFAZ liver protection preparations.

Objective:To analyze the preventing effect of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) on granulocytopenia after chemotherapy for prostate cancer, and to evaluate its safety and effectiveness.Methods:A total of 61 patients aged 53-82 with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), who received docetaxel (75 mg/m 2, 21 days constitute one chemotherapy course) alone or docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 on d1) combined with cisplatin (30 mg/m 2, from d1 to d3) and carboplatin (400 mg/m 2, from d1 to d3) during a 21-day chemotherapy course from February 2019 to December 2019, were included. These patients also received endocrine therapy over the same period, including surgical and medical castration, and castration combined with antiandrogen medications, lasting 6 cycles in total. Patients were divided into two groups, the control group (30 cases) and the observation group (31 cases). The control group received no leukogenic drugs, and was given human granulocyte stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment only after the occurrence of granulocytopenia until the WBC count in peripheral blood was above 10×10 9/L. The observation group was given PEG-rhG-CSF within 48 hours after chemotherapy. Results:Among the 61 patients, one patient died, two stopped receiving chemotherapy due to liver dysfunction, one was lost to follow-up. A total of 57 valid cases were included in per protocol set (PPS) in the end, of which 30 cases were from the observation group and 27 cases from the control group. The incidence of neutropenia in the observation group was 33.3%, of which the incidence of grade 3 neutropenia was 10.0%, the incidence of agranulocytosis was 0, and the drug doses reduction of chemotherapy was 0, which were lower than the 77.8%, 33.3%, 18.5%, and 18.5%, respectively, in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The differences in adverse reactions in both groups, included aching bones, muscle pain, lack of strength, and soreness at the injection sites, were of no statistical significance ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The curative effect of PEG-rhG-CSF is definite on the patients with mHSPC who received chemotherapy either with docetaxel alone or docetaxel combined with cisplatin and carboplatin. It can reduce the incidence of granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and chemotherapy drug dose reduction caused by myelosuppression. It, therefore, can ensure the patients receive chemotherapy with standard dosage, and thus improve the cure rate.

Objective:To analyze the preventing effect of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) on granulocytopenia after chemotherapy for prostate cancer, and to evaluate its safety and effectiveness.Methods:A total of 61 patients aged 53-82 with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), who received docetaxel (75 mg/m 2, 21 days constitute one chemotherapy course) alone or docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 on d1) combined with cisplatin (30 mg/m 2, from d1 to d3) and carboplatin (400 mg/m 2, from d1 to d3) during a 21-day chemotherapy course from February 2019 to December 2019, were included. These patients also received endocrine therapy over the same period, including surgical and medical castration, and castration combined with antiandrogen medications, lasting 6 cycles in total. Patients were divided into two groups, the control group (30 cases) and the observation group (31 cases). The control group received no leukogenic drugs, and was given human granulocyte stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment only after the occurrence of granulocytopenia until the WBC count in peripheral blood was above 10×10 9/L. The observation group was given PEG-rhG-CSF within 48 hours after chemotherapy. Results:Among the 61 patients, one patient died, two stopped receiving chemotherapy due to liver dysfunction, one was lost to follow-up. A total of 57 valid cases were included in per protocol set (PPS) in the end, of which 30 cases were from the observation group and 27 cases from the control group. The incidence of neutropenia in the observation group was 33.3%, of which the incidence of grade 3 neutropenia was 10.0%, the incidence of agranulocytosis was 0, and the drug doses reduction of chemotherapy was 0, which were lower than the 77.8%, 33.3%, 18.5%, and 18.5%, respectively, in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The differences in adverse reactions in both groups, included aching bones, muscle pain, lack of strength, and soreness at the injection sites, were of no statistical significance ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The curative effect of PEG-rhG-CSF is definite on the patients with mHSPC who received chemotherapy either with docetaxel alone or docetaxel combined with cisplatin and carboplatin. It can reduce the incidence of granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and chemotherapy drug dose reduction caused by myelosuppression. It, therefore, can ensure the patients receive chemotherapy with standard dosage, and thus improve the cure rate.