Salivary gland mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (SGML) is a subvariety of marginal zone B-cells that occurs outside of mucosal lymph nodes. The onset of SGML is closely related to immunity, chronic infections, and genetic factors, such as lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), as well as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T-lymphocytic virus. The most common site of SGML is the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular gland, small salivary gland, and sublingual gland. SGML is more common in middle-aged and elderly women, and patients often have autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren’s syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. SGML can be diagnosed through clinical manifestations, imaging, and histopathology, but histopathological biopsy remains the main method for confirming SGML. Traditional treatment methods include anti-infective therapy and surgery combined with radiation or chemotherapy. In recent years, some new treatment methods, such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, have been effective against recurrent or refractory SGML, but more clinical trial data are needed to support them. At present, the optimal treatment for SGML is not yet clear. Individualized treatment plans should be developed based on the location, staging, clinical characteristics, and overall health status of the patient. SGML progresses slowly and has a relatively good overall prognosis; however, the disease is recurrent, the treatment cycle is long, the recurrence rate is higher than that of other mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, and SGML may also cause other serious complications. Therefore, regular observation and follow-up are very important for its prognosis. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SGML, with the aim of providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and thus improve the survival rate of patients with SGML.

Objective To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in cognitive impairment induced by adolescent social isolation(ASI)and identify key pathogenic microbial communities.Methods Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice(postnatal days 21～23)were randomly assigned to a control group(group-housed,4/cage,n=8)or an ASI group(single-housed,1/cage,n=8).After 5 weeks of ASI(5-ASI),fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing for microbiota analysis.Cognitive behavior was assessed using open field,Y-maze,novel object recognition tests.Correlation analysis integrated microbial abundance with behavioral parameters to screen cognition-associated taxa.Results(1)Behavior:5-ASI mice showed unchanged locomotion(open field)but significantly reduced spontaneous alternation(Y-maze,P<0.01)and lower cognitive index(novel object recognition,P<0.001),confirming spatial and recognition memory deficits.(2)Microbiota:5-ASI mice exhibited decreased α-diversity(P<0.05)and altered β-diversity(P<0.001).LEfSe analysis revealed depleted taxa(e.g.,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Tyzzerella,Allobaculum,Ruminococcus)and enriched taxa(e.g.,Butyricicoccus,Lachnoclostridium).(3)Correlations:Positive associations with cognitive performance were observed for Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Allobaculum,and Ruminococcus(P<0.05),while Butyricicoccus and Lachnoclostridium showed negative correlations(P<0.05).Conclusion Adolescent social isolation induces spatial/recognition memory impairment and gut microbiota dysbio-sis.Specific microbial alterations(Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Butyricicoccus)correlate with cognitive deficits,providing novel insights into microbiota-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

Objective To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in cognitive impairment induced by adolescent social isolation(ASI)and identify key pathogenic microbial communities.Methods Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice(postnatal days 21～23)were randomly assigned to a control group(group-housed,4/cage,n=8)or an ASI group(single-housed,1/cage,n=8).After 5 weeks of ASI(5-ASI),fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing for microbiota analysis.Cognitive behavior was assessed using open field,Y-maze,novel object recognition tests.Correlation analysis integrated microbial abundance with behavioral parameters to screen cognition-associated taxa.Results(1)Behavior:5-ASI mice showed unchanged locomotion(open field)but significantly reduced spontaneous alternation(Y-maze,P<0.01)and lower cognitive index(novel object recognition,P<0.001),confirming spatial and recognition memory deficits.(2)Microbiota:5-ASI mice exhibited decreased α-diversity(P<0.05)and altered β-diversity(P<0.001).LEfSe analysis revealed depleted taxa(e.g.,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Tyzzerella,Allobaculum,Ruminococcus)and enriched taxa(e.g.,Butyricicoccus,Lachnoclostridium).(3)Correlations:Positive associations with cognitive performance were observed for Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Allobaculum,and Ruminococcus(P<0.05),while Butyricicoccus and Lachnoclostridium showed negative correlations(P<0.05).Conclusion Adolescent social isolation induces spatial/recognition memory impairment and gut microbiota dysbio-sis.Specific microbial alterations(Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Butyricicoccus)correlate with cognitive deficits,providing novel insights into microbiota-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of c(RGDyK) peptide modified mesenchymal stem cell exosomes loaded with ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) on ischemic stroke. Thread-tying method was used to establish SD rats transient middle cerebral occlusion model (tMCAO). The model rats were randomly divided into tMCAO group, Exo group, free G-Rg1 group, Exo-Rg1 group and cRGD-Exo-Rg1 group, and sham group was used as control. The infarct volume was measured by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrachloride (TTC) staining, the changes of neuron and endothelium were observed by immunofluorescence, and the expression of related proteins was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that cRGD-Exo-Rg1 up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α) by activating PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis, effectively reducing the volume of cerebral infarction and improving neural function. In addition, the delivery of cRGD-Exo-Rg1 to ischemic brain tissue up-regulated the expression of occludin and claudin-5, and reduced the injury of blood-brain barrier. Taken together, cRGD-Exo-Rg1 was effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis, which provided experimental evidence for the potential clinical benefits of other neuroprotective therapies.
Rats ; Animals ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Ginsenosides/therapeutic use*

Objective : To screen the RNA binding proteins interacting with NBV nonstructural protein σNS in host cells and to analyze their bioinformatics functions. Methods : In this study , the eukaryotic expression vector pEF⁃HA⁃MB⁃S3 of NBV σ NS was constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells after verification. After RNase A treatment , the obtained protein lysate was enriched by immunoprecipitation to enrich σNS binding proteins , identified and analyzed by LC⁃MS/MS mass spectrometry , and the properties and specific functions of proteins were discovered with the help of related Bioinformatics tools. Results : In this study , 32 candidate RNA binding proteins interacting with NBV σNS proteins were successfully screened , and the results of bioanalysis showed that these proteins were mainly located in cytoplasm and nucleus , and were mainly involved in biological processes such as cell metabolism , biological regulation , virus translation and transcription. Conclusion This study preliminarily analyzes the function of RNA binding proteins interacting with NBV σNS , which lays a foundation for further study on the mechanism of σNS protein in NBV life cycle.

Objective To study the effect of levosimendan on cardiac function and hemodynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.Methods Totally 118 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock admitted to 363 Hospital were randomly assigned to control group or observation group,with 59 cases in each group.All the patients in both groups received routine treatment,and the observation group was given levosimendan additionally.The cardiac function indexes such as stroke volume(SV),cardiac index(CI),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),and longitudinal peak systolic strain rate(SRs),the myocardial funtion indexes such as troponin I(cTnI),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),vasopressin(AVP)and angiotensin(AngⅡ),hemodynamic parameters such as central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)were compared between the two groups before treatment and on day 3 after treatment.Shock duration,drug dose,time staying in intensive care unit(ICU),use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation(IABP),and incidence of malignant arrhythmia were also compared.Results There were no significant differences in all indexes between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).On day 3 after treatment,SV,LEVF,CI,SRs,and MAP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while AVP,AngⅡ,cTnI,CK-MB,CVP,PCWP,and LVEDV in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of shock,the dosage of drugs,ICU time,and IABP time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of malignant arrhythmia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(13.56%vs 28.81%,P<0.05).Conclusion Levosimendan can improve the hemodynamics of patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.It has clinical application value.

Objective    To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitral valve surgery and cryoablation in elderly patients with mitral valve disease and persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods    From May 2014 to July 2018, 144 patients with mitral valve diseases combined with persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were selected. Among them, there were 69 patients in a non-elderly group (<60 years) including 18 males and 51 females aged 52.07±5.56 years, and 75 patients in an elderly group (≥60 years) including 32 males and 43 females aged 65.23±4.29 years. A propensity-score matching (PSM) study was conducted to eliminate confounding factors. Both groups underwent mitral valve surgery and cryoablation at the same time. A 2-year follow-up was conducted after discharge from the hospital, and the perioperative and postoperative efficacy indexes were compared between the two groups. Results    After PSM analysis, there were 56 patients in each group. The sinus rhythm conversion rate of the two groups at each follow-up time point was above 85%, and the cardiac function was graded asⅠorⅡ, which was significantly improved compared with that before the surgery, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the perioperative indicators of the two groups, the elderly group had more coronary artery bypass graft surgeries and longer postoperative ICU stay time compared with the non-elderly group (P<0.05), and the differences in other indicators were not statistically different (P>0.05). Conclusion    The mitral valve surgery and cryoablation in elderly patients with mitral valve diseases combined with persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation are safe, and the short-term outcome is satisfactory.

Spinal cord injuries is an extremely serious central nervous system injury. The clinical prognosis is very poor. Patients are often associated with lifelong disabilities or paralysis. Regulating NSCs to repair spinal cord injuries is unanimously considered to be a very potential option for the treatment of this type of disease. China has a large population and a large number of patients with spinal cord injuries. Actively regulating spinal cord NSCs is of great significance for the regeneration and repair of spinal cord injuries. Endogenous NSCs avoid many disadvantages of exogenous stem cell transplantation, and have a broader prospect in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a very important role in the differentiation of NSCs and the development of the nervous system. However, the molecular mechanism of the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs during regeneration and repair after spinal cord injuries is still not fully understood. This article mainly describes the research progress of Wnt pathway regulating NSCs in the regeneration and repair of spinal cord injuries.

In this study, the model of Propionibacterium acnes/lipopolysaccharide (P. acnes/LPS)-induced acute liver injury in mice was employed to investigate the protective effects of Fuzheng Yanggan Fomula (FYF) on acute liver injury. The effects of FYF on the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the serum, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione (GSH) were examined in the livers of mice treated with P. acnes/LPS; The protein expression levels of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), and IL-1β in liver tissues were detected by Western blot; Furthermore, hematoxylinendash-eosin (HE) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunohistochemical assay were used to observe pathological changes, apoptosis index, and inflammation infiltration of the liver tissue sections. All animal welfare and experimental procedures were followed by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University. We conclude that FYF could alleviate P. acnes/LPS induced pathological damage and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of mice. Meanwhile, FYF decreases the contents of ALT, AST, IL-1β, and MDA, increases the contents of ORAC and GSH, and downregulates the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins. Collectively, these findings suggested that FYF could alleviate P. acnes/LPS induced acute liver injury in mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides a theoretical basis and a new drug target for the prevention and treatment of liver injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires for old Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar fracture in children.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on 49 children with old Gartland Ⅲ supracondylar humeral fracture admitted from June 2012 to January 2017.There were 35 boys and 14 girls,with average age of 6.1 years (range,3.4-11.5 years).The duration from initial trauma to operation ranged from 22 days to 60 days (mean,29.8 days).There were five cases of radial nerve injury,one case of median nerve injury,and one case of Volkmann ischemic contracture.All patients were surgically treated with open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires + plaster external fixation.Six patients with nerve injury underwent neurological exploration and release.Nerve partial fracture was seen in one patient during operation,and nerve repair was performed.The fracture healing and complications were observed.At the final follow up,Flynn's criteria was applied to evaluate the elbow joint function.The humerus length and transverse diameter of humeral condyle between the healthy limb and the suffered one were compared to evaluate the humerus growth.Results All patients were followed up for 6-24 months,with an average of 12.5 months.All fractures were healed,with no fracture redisplacement or bone nonunion occurred.The neurological symptoms of six patients with nerve injury disappeared after two months.One patient had superficial skin infection at the incision and recovered after treatment.Six patients (12％) developed cubitus varus deformity after operation.At the final follow-up,the clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed via Flynn's criteria,and the results were excellent in 37 patients,good in five,fair in one,and poor in six patients,with an excellent and good rate of 86％.There were no significant differences in the humerus length [(189.3 ± 27.8) mm vs.(190.6 ± 28.8) mm] and transverse diameter of humeral condylar [(29.5 ± 3.5) mm vs.(29.7 ± 3.6) mm] (P ＞ 0.05) between the healthy limb and the suffered one,respectively.Conclusion For old Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar humeral fracture in children,open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires + plaster external fixation can attain satisfactory function recovery of elbow joint and reduce the incidence of cubitus varus deformity,without negative influence on children's humerus growth or development.