The amino-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proCNP)is a diagnostic inflam-matory marker clinically used for diagnosing bacterial infections.This study aims to establish a phage display library of single-chain variable fragment(scFv)antibodies against canine NT-proC-NP and to screen for scFvs with high binding affinity to NT-proCNP.Initially,NT-proCNP was prepared using prokaryotic expression system and was used to immunize New Zealand White rab-bits.Upon achieving the desired serum titer,total RNA was extracted from the splenocytes of rab-bits and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Using this cDNA as a template,degenerate primers were employed to amplify the genes of the rabbit antibody light chain variable region(VL)and heavy chain variable region(VH).The VL and VH regions were spliced together to form a complete scFv fragment via overlap extension PCR.The scFv was then ligated into the phagemid pComb3XSS and electroporated into competent E.coli TG1 cells to construct a rabbit-derived anti-NT-proCNP scFv immunological library.This library underwent four rounds of enrichment and screening to isolate specific single-chain antibodies.The selected antibody was subsequently ex-pressed in a soluble form within a prokaryotic system,and its immunological activity was evalua-ted.Using phage display technology,this study successfully identified a single-chain antibody scFv-1-CNP with strong antigen-binding activity and genetic sequence characteristics of scFvs,providing a research direction for further exploration of scFv applications in the detection of NT-proCNP.

[Purpose]To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and trends from 2010 to 2020 in Henan Province.[Methods]Data from cancer registries in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020 were collected and evaluated.Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by urban/rural areas,sex and age,and the incidence and mortality of cancers in the whole province in 2020 were estimated based on population data released by Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Age-standardized rates were calculated according to the age-standardized rate of Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW).Joinpoint 5.4.0 soft-ware was used to construct a regression model to analyze the changing trends of malignant tumors from 2010 to 2020,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)and 95％confidence in-terval were calculated.[Results]In 2020,the estimated number of new cancer cases in Henan Province was 299 148,with a crude incidence rate of 259.38/105,ASIRC of 201.09/105(204.56/105 for males and 200.45/105 for females)and ASIRW of 196.46/105(203.43/105 for males and 192.22/105 for females).The ASIRC was higher in urban areas(208.10/105)than that in rural areas(197.74/105).The top five cancer types in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,while the top five in female were breast,lung,thyroid,cervical,and esophageal cancers.The estimated number of cancer deaths was 172 070,with a crude mortality rate of 149.20/105 and ASMRC of 106.52/105(137.22/105 for males and 78.04/105 for females)and ASMRW of 106.24/105(137.05/105 for males and 77.91/105 for females).The ASMRC was higher in rural areas(109.92/105)than that in urban areas(99.49/105).The top five causes of cancer death in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,and those in female were lung,esophagus,stomach,liver,and breast cancers.From 2010 to 2020,the trends of ASIRC remained stable(AAPC=0.14％,P=0.572),while the ASMRC showed a significant decreasing trend(AAPC=-1.46％,P=0.011).[Conclusion]Lung cancer,breast cancer and digestive system cancers are the main malignant tumors threatening the health of residents in Henan Province.The incidence and mor-tality of common malignant tumors show significant gender and urban-rural differences.It is neces-sary to further optimize the prevention and control of malignant tumors,formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on population characteristics,and improve the health awareness of the whole population.

Elderly patients are a crucial population for medical treatment and referral.The establishment of standardized and efficient referral channels is essential for enhancing the referral process, improving treatment outcomes for the elderly, and optimizing the allocation of medical resources.Referral network analysis examines the integrity, structure, and dynamics of referrals to infer the characteristics of the network.This can offer insights for enhancing referral policies and elevating medical service standards.While existing research predominantly concentrates on referral networks within the general population, there is a noticeable gap in studies focusing on elderly patients.This review article assesses domestic and international research on networks formed between medical institutions or physicians through patient referrals, aiming to inform and enhance referral policies in our country.

During hospitalization in the ICU, rehabilitation exercises were recognized as a crucial method for enhancing patients′ quality of life, and the volume of exercise was shown to significantly influence the effectiveness of rehabilitation for ICU patients. This article reviews the definition of exercise volume in the context of ICU patient rehabilitation, the current status of reporting, its correlation with patient outcomes, and the available measurement tools. The aim is to provide a foundational reference for quantitative research on exercise rehabilitation in ICUs within our country.

The amino-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proCNP)is a diagnostic inflam-matory marker clinically used for diagnosing bacterial infections.This study aims to establish a phage display library of single-chain variable fragment(scFv)antibodies against canine NT-proC-NP and to screen for scFvs with high binding affinity to NT-proCNP.Initially,NT-proCNP was prepared using prokaryotic expression system and was used to immunize New Zealand White rab-bits.Upon achieving the desired serum titer,total RNA was extracted from the splenocytes of rab-bits and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Using this cDNA as a template,degenerate primers were employed to amplify the genes of the rabbit antibody light chain variable region(VL)and heavy chain variable region(VH).The VL and VH regions were spliced together to form a complete scFv fragment via overlap extension PCR.The scFv was then ligated into the phagemid pComb3XSS and electroporated into competent E.coli TG1 cells to construct a rabbit-derived anti-NT-proCNP scFv immunological library.This library underwent four rounds of enrichment and screening to isolate specific single-chain antibodies.The selected antibody was subsequently ex-pressed in a soluble form within a prokaryotic system,and its immunological activity was evalua-ted.Using phage display technology,this study successfully identified a single-chain antibody scFv-1-CNP with strong antigen-binding activity and genetic sequence characteristics of scFvs,providing a research direction for further exploration of scFv applications in the detection of NT-proCNP.

During hospitalization in the ICU, rehabilitation exercises were recognized as a crucial method for enhancing patients′ quality of life, and the volume of exercise was shown to significantly influence the effectiveness of rehabilitation for ICU patients. This article reviews the definition of exercise volume in the context of ICU patient rehabilitation, the current status of reporting, its correlation with patient outcomes, and the available measurement tools. The aim is to provide a foundational reference for quantitative research on exercise rehabilitation in ICUs within our country.

Elderly patients are a crucial population for medical treatment and referral.The establishment of standardized and efficient referral channels is essential for enhancing the referral process, improving treatment outcomes for the elderly, and optimizing the allocation of medical resources.Referral network analysis examines the integrity, structure, and dynamics of referrals to infer the characteristics of the network.This can offer insights for enhancing referral policies and elevating medical service standards.While existing research predominantly concentrates on referral networks within the general population, there is a noticeable gap in studies focusing on elderly patients.This review article assesses domestic and international research on networks formed between medical institutions or physicians through patient referrals, aiming to inform and enhance referral policies in our country.

[Purpose]To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and trends from 2010 to 2020 in Henan Province.[Methods]Data from cancer registries in Henan Province from 2010 to 2020 were collected and evaluated.Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by urban/rural areas,sex and age,and the incidence and mortality of cancers in the whole province in 2020 were estimated based on population data released by Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Age-standardized rates were calculated according to the age-standardized rate of Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW).Joinpoint 5.4.0 soft-ware was used to construct a regression model to analyze the changing trends of malignant tumors from 2010 to 2020,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)and 95％confidence in-terval were calculated.[Results]In 2020,the estimated number of new cancer cases in Henan Province was 299 148,with a crude incidence rate of 259.38/105,ASIRC of 201.09/105(204.56/105 for males and 200.45/105 for females)and ASIRW of 196.46/105(203.43/105 for males and 192.22/105 for females).The ASIRC was higher in urban areas(208.10/105)than that in rural areas(197.74/105).The top five cancer types in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,while the top five in female were breast,lung,thyroid,cervical,and esophageal cancers.The estimated number of cancer deaths was 172 070,with a crude mortality rate of 149.20/105 and ASMRC of 106.52/105(137.22/105 for males and 78.04/105 for females)and ASMRW of 106.24/105(137.05/105 for males and 77.91/105 for females).The ASMRC was higher in rural areas(109.92/105)than that in urban areas(99.49/105).The top five causes of cancer death in male were lung,stomach,liver,esophagus,and colorectal cancers,and those in female were lung,esophagus,stomach,liver,and breast cancers.From 2010 to 2020,the trends of ASIRC remained stable(AAPC=0.14％,P=0.572),while the ASMRC showed a significant decreasing trend(AAPC=-1.46％,P=0.011).[Conclusion]Lung cancer,breast cancer and digestive system cancers are the main malignant tumors threatening the health of residents in Henan Province.The incidence and mor-tality of common malignant tumors show significant gender and urban-rural differences.It is neces-sary to further optimize the prevention and control of malignant tumors,formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on population characteristics,and improve the health awareness of the whole population.

Purpose: To identify the predictors of infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL), and establish an easy-to-apply nomogram to predict the IDSHL of older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 380 older adults who completed the IDSHL, self-rated health, socio-demographic and other questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to identify the IDSHL predictors. Nomogram was used to construct a predictive model. Results: Up to 70.1% of older adults had limited IDSHL. Age, education, place of residence, self-rated health, and Internet access were the important influencing factors of IDSHL. The established nomogram model showed high accuracy (receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.848). Conclusions The IDSHL of Chinese older adults was significantly deficient. The constructed nomogram is an intuitive tool for IDSHL prediction that can not only contribute toward rapid screening of high-risk older adults with limited IDSHL but also provide guidance for healthcare providers to develop prevention strategies for infectious diseases.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative D-dimer level for futile recanalization (FR) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:It was a nested case-control study. A total of 116 patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke, who underwent successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, mTICI≥2b) after MT at the Stroke Unit of Beijing Hospital from August 2018 to January 2022,were consecutively enrolled, including 72 males (62.1%) with the age of (72.8±13.1) years. According to the 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score after MT, patients were divided into the meaningful recanalization group (mRS 0-2, n=41) and the futile recanalization group (mRS 3-6, n=75). The baseline clinical data of enrolled patients was collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for FR after MT in patients with AIS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of D-dimer for FR. Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( OR=1.038, 95% CI: 1.012-1.065, P=0.004), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score≥12 ( OR=10.157, 95% CI: 3.624-28.470, P<0.001) and high preoperative D-dimer level ( OR=4.536, 95% CI: 1.379-14.922, P=0.013) were independent predictors of FR after MT in AIS patients with LVO. ROC curve analysis indicated a good predictive value of preoperative D-dimer for the occurrence of FR ( AUC=0.733, 95% CI: 0.638-0.829, P<0.05), the optimal cut-off value of D-dimer was 2.65 μg/L(Lg), with the Youden index, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.435, 53.3%, 90.2% and 66.4%, respectively. Conclusion:High preoperative D-dimer level is an independent predictor of futile recanalization after MT in AIS patients with LVO, which shows good predictive ability for futile recanalization.