Background: and Purpose Live cell-based assays (LCBA) are increasingly used for serological antibody detection due to their ability to preserve antigen conformation, offering moderately higher sensitivity than fixed cell-based assays. However, the clinical necessity of prioritizing LCBA for the detection of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear, especially when compared to its established role in diagnosing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Methods: We compared the performance of live cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (LCBA-IF) and fixed cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (FCBA-IF) in detecting AQP4-IgG in 90 cases of NMOSD meeting 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis criteria, alongside 40 controls. Additionally, we further investigated the relationship between AQP4-IgG titers as measured by LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF and clinical parameters in NMOSD patients. Results: Results showed 96.9% agreement between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF (Cohen’s κ=0.935), with a strong Spearman correlation (0.977, p<0.001). Both methods demonstrated 100% specificity, with LCBA-IF showing slightly higher sensitivity compared to FCBA-IF. Within LCBAIF-tested groups, statistically significant differences in annualized relapse rates were observed across all pairwise comparisons (low-titer vs. moderate-titer, low-titer vs. high-titer, and moderate-titer vs. high-titer; all p<0.050). However, this association reached statistical significance in some FCBA-IF-tested groups. Conclusions Overall, there is a strong concordance between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF in detecting AQP4-IgG, where LCBA-IF shows slightly higher sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a potential link between elevated AQP4-IgG titers and an increased risk of relapse, and this correlation may appear more pronounced when using LCBA-IF.

Elderly patients are a crucial population for medical treatment and referral.The establishment of standardized and efficient referral channels is essential for enhancing the referral process, improving treatment outcomes for the elderly, and optimizing the allocation of medical resources.Referral network analysis examines the integrity, structure, and dynamics of referrals to infer the characteristics of the network.This can offer insights for enhancing referral policies and elevating medical service standards.While existing research predominantly concentrates on referral networks within the general population, there is a noticeable gap in studies focusing on elderly patients.This review article assesses domestic and international research on networks formed between medical institutions or physicians through patient referrals, aiming to inform and enhance referral policies in our country.

The C 2-C 7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) is an essential biomechanical parameter for evaluating cervical spine alignment, and it is integral to the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cervical spine disorders. This parameter is widely used in evaluating cervical sagittal balance and functional status. Internationally, a C 2-C 7 SVA of less than 25 mm is considered within the cervical range for sagittal balance, while values exceeding 40 mm indicate cervical sagittal imbalance or deformity. An increased C 2-C 7 SVA disrupts cervical spine biomechanics, leading to heightened static and dynamic loads on the cervical musculature. This, in turn, results in muscle fatigue and discomfort. In the short term, patients may experience axial neck symptoms, while a sustained elevation in SVA over time significantly raises the risk of cervical disc degeneration, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Additionally, a higher C 2-C 7 SVA postoperatively places excessive stress on adjacent spinal segments, which can accelerate degeneration of intervertebral discs and facet joints, contributing to adjacent segment degeneration. Both short-term and long-term postoperative evaluations have shown that an increase in C 2-C 7 SVA is typically associated with poorer surgical outcomes, whereas effective control of SVA values is closely linked to better functional recovery. Therefore, in clinical practice, maintaining C 2-C 7 SVA within the normal range (<25 mm) is critical not only for optimizing treatment results but also for significantly reducing postoperative complications and improving overall patient quality of life.

The C 2-C 7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) is an essential biomechanical parameter for evaluating cervical spine alignment, and it is integral to the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cervical spine disorders. This parameter is widely used in evaluating cervical sagittal balance and functional status. Internationally, a C 2-C 7 SVA of less than 25 mm is considered within the cervical range for sagittal balance, while values exceeding 40 mm indicate cervical sagittal imbalance or deformity. An increased C 2-C 7 SVA disrupts cervical spine biomechanics, leading to heightened static and dynamic loads on the cervical musculature. This, in turn, results in muscle fatigue and discomfort. In the short term, patients may experience axial neck symptoms, while a sustained elevation in SVA over time significantly raises the risk of cervical disc degeneration, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Additionally, a higher C 2-C 7 SVA postoperatively places excessive stress on adjacent spinal segments, which can accelerate degeneration of intervertebral discs and facet joints, contributing to adjacent segment degeneration. Both short-term and long-term postoperative evaluations have shown that an increase in C 2-C 7 SVA is typically associated with poorer surgical outcomes, whereas effective control of SVA values is closely linked to better functional recovery. Therefore, in clinical practice, maintaining C 2-C 7 SVA within the normal range (<25 mm) is critical not only for optimizing treatment results but also for significantly reducing postoperative complications and improving overall patient quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

Objective:To evaluate the clinically curative effect of intervention treatment of electronic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage.Methods:Sixty patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis at clinical activity stage(type I,II,III and VI)who admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were selected,and they were divided into drug group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment)and combination group(anti-tuberculosis drug treatment+interventional treatment with electronic bronchoscope)by the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The curative effects of the two groups were observed,and the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria,clinical symptom scores(cough symptom,expectoration symptom)before and after treatment,Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale(mMRC)score between two groups were compared,and the differences in indicators of pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)between the two groups also were compared.And then,the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:During the 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up,there were respectively 21 cases,27 cases and 30 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the combination group,and there were respectively 15 cases,18 cases and 23 cases occurred negative conversion of sputum bacteria in 30 patients of the drug group.At the 1st month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in combination group was higher than that in drug group,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 2nd and 3rd month of follow-up,the negative conversion rate of sputum bacteria in the combination group was higher than that in the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=7.200,7.925,P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment of the combination group was 100%,which was higher than 80%of the drug group,and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=6.667,P<0.05).After 2 months of treatment,the mMRC score,cough symptom score and expectoration symptom score of the combination group were all lower than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.504,3.950,3.530,P<0.05).The improvement effects of FEV1,FVC and MVV of the combination group were all better than those of the drug group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=6.626,4.966,4.097,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy combined with electronic bronchoscopy intervention has a good therapeutic effect in clinically active tracheobronchial tuberculosis.

Elderly patients are a crucial population for medical treatment and referral.The establishment of standardized and efficient referral channels is essential for enhancing the referral process, improving treatment outcomes for the elderly, and optimizing the allocation of medical resources.Referral network analysis examines the integrity, structure, and dynamics of referrals to infer the characteristics of the network.This can offer insights for enhancing referral policies and elevating medical service standards.While existing research predominantly concentrates on referral networks within the general population, there is a noticeable gap in studies focusing on elderly patients.This review article assesses domestic and international research on networks formed between medical institutions or physicians through patient referrals, aiming to inform and enhance referral policies in our country.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy. It has a high incidence, strong invasion ability, easy metastasis, poor curative effect, and poor prognosis. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an important part of immune cells located in the mucosal barrier, which play an important role in the occurrence, development and outcome of tumors. ILCs are the key cells for decoding the regulatory mechanism of tumor microenvironment and the signatures for tumor progression. This paper reviewed the latest progress on ILCs, summarized the possible characteristics and functions of ILCs in the microenvironment of OSCC, and explored the relationship between ILCs and the occurrence, development and immunotherapy of OSCC.

Objective To compare the efficacies between auricular acupuncture combined with drugs and drug alone in the treatment of frequent ventricular premature beats(FVPB).Methods A total of 51 pa-tients with FVPB admitted to this hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the study sub-jects,including 27 patients in the treatment group and 24 cases in the control group.The treatment group was given auricular acupuncture combined with oral metoprolol tartrate tablets,the heart and ear points and adre-nal ear points were selected,the two ears were treated alternately and the needles were replaced after 3 days.The control group was only given oral metoprolol tartrate tablets,and the adhesive tape of the same color and material were pasted at the same auricular acupoints.The number of premature beats,the TCM symptom score and clinical efficacy on 1 day before treatment and on 1,6 days after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The number of premature beats on 1 day after treatment in the treatment group was 733(427,1 637)times,which in the control group was 2 244(1 023,2 808)times.On 6 days after treatment,the number of premature beats in the treatment group was 182(116,321)times,which in the control group was 1 025(678,1 127)times.On 6 days after treatment,the number of premature beats in the treatment group was averagely reduced by 765.49 times compared with the control group(95％CI:-976.41 to-554.56,P＜0.001).On 1,6 days after treatment,the TCM symptom scores in the treatment group all were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The effective rate of the treatment group was 92.59％,which was higher than 83.33％in the control group,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with drug therapy alone,auricular acu-puncture combined with drug therapy for treating FVPB could achieve better clinical efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Gm13568 on the activation of A1 astrocytes and the progress of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice.Methods:A recombinant lentiviral vector (LV-Inhibit-Gm13568) carrying astrocyte-specific promoter of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was established to inhibit the function of endogenous Gm13568. A control vector (LV-ctrl) was established as well. The recombinant vectors were packaged. C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1×10 7 transforming units of viral suspension via the tail vein and 7 d after the injection, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG 35-55) was used to establish the mouse model of EAE. Four groups, PBS group, EAE group, LV-ctrl+ EAE group and LV-Inhibit-Gm13568+ EAE group, were included in this study. Clinical signs of the mice were monitored daily in a double-blinded manner. The mice were sacrificed 23 d after the EAE model was established and the spinal cord tissues were collected. The expression of Serping 1, C3, Srgn and H2-T23 at mRNA level was detected by real-time PCR. Changes in the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were measured. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of GFAP and Notch1 in spinal cord tissues and the phosphorylation of signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (STAT3). The expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and GFAP in spinal cord tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the demyelination of spinal cord were observed using HE and Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining methods. Results:Compared with PBS group, A1 astrocytes were activated and Notch1 expression was significantly up-regulated in EAE group and LV-ctrl+ EAE group. The clinical score of mice in LV-Inhibit-Gm13568+ EAE group was decreased from an average score of 3.5 to less than 1 on 23 d after antigen induction and the clinical symptoms were alleviated as compared with the mice in LV-ctrl+ EAE group. Meanwhile, the activation of A1 astrocytes was down-regulated, and the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was also reduced. The expression of Notch1, GFAP and NICD at protein level and the phosphorylation of STAT3 were significantly reduced. Moreover, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination of spinal cord tissues were alleviated significantly.Conclusions:LncRNA Gm13568 might regulate the activation of A1 astrocytes via the Notch1/STAT3 pathway, thus affecting the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and participating in the process of EAE.