In October 2024,World Health Organization(WHO)published a report titled Estimating the impact of vaccines in reducing antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use,highlighting the role of vaccines in the global fight against antimicrobial resistance(AMR)through quantitative assessment for the first time,and calling for greater attention to the utilization and development of relevant vaccines.This article summarized and analyzed this report with the aim of providing insights for the development of superbug vaccines.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, with increasing prevalence due to obesity and lifestyle changes. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain the first-line therapy, a proportion of patients have an unsatisfactory response, require long-term medication, or experience symptom relapse after discontinuation. Positioned between pharmacotherapy and surgery as a third therapeutic option, endoscopic therapy offers an additional choice for patients with refractory GERD. Based on current evidence, this article examines the optimal timing of endoscopic intervention, with particular attention to intervention after PPI failure, indications for endoscopic therapy, and individualized strategies for special populations. It also summarizes limitations of the existing evidence and outlines priorities for future research, including the need for long-term follow-up, robust cost-effectiveness evaluation, and exploration of biomarkers to inform timing decisions. In summary, evidence-based and individualized selection of intervention timing is essential to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic management for GERD.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, with increasing prevalence due to obesity and lifestyle changes. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain the first-line therapy, a proportion of patients have an unsatisfactory response, require long-term medication, or experience symptom relapse after discontinuation. Positioned between pharmacotherapy and surgery as a third therapeutic option, endoscopic therapy offers an additional choice for patients with refractory GERD. Based on current evidence, this article examines the optimal timing of endoscopic intervention, with particular attention to intervention after PPI failure, indications for endoscopic therapy, and individualized strategies for special populations. It also summarizes limitations of the existing evidence and outlines priorities for future research, including the need for long-term follow-up, robust cost-effectiveness evaluation, and exploration of biomarkers to inform timing decisions. In summary, evidence-based and individualized selection of intervention timing is essential to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic management for GERD.

In October 2024,World Health Organization(WHO)published a report titled Estimating the impact of vaccines in reducing antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use,highlighting the role of vaccines in the global fight against antimicrobial resistance(AMR)through quantitative assessment for the first time,and calling for greater attention to the utilization and development of relevant vaccines.This article summarized and analyzed this report with the aim of providing insights for the development of superbug vaccines.

Objective To study the values of MR total spine mobitrack(MTSM) technique in acute spinal trauma and spinal cord injury.Methods 71 patients with trauma in cervical vertebra,thoracic vertebra and lumber vertebra underwent MTSM scan.Results All 71cases obtained clear images of total spine and spinal cord,of which,2 cases were normal,69 cases showed fractures of vertebrae(including 36 cases showed fracture of single vertebrae,33 cases showed fractures of multiple vertebraes).69 cases with fracture of vertebrae,accompanied with 12 articles of vertebral body slippage,the 15 segments of spinal cord injury and the 19 places of the ligaments bruise.Conclusion MTSM technique is good to show the location and quantity of vertebral trauma and will greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy.