Objective: To analyze the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms, with the mediating role of insomnia symptoms among college freshmen, so as to provide a reference basis for reducing the occurrence of anxiety symptoms in college freshmen. Methods: From October to December 2021, 31 856 freshmen were selected by the purposive sampling method in 22 colleges across 11 provinces (Fujian, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Chongqing) in China. The Semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to investigate college freshmen drinking behaviors. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 and the Insomnia Severity Index were used to assess anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms in college freshmen. The generalized linear model was employed to analyze the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms in college freshmen, and the structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effect of insomnia symptoms on the association. Results: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms among college freshmen was 28.2%, the detection rates of the mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe were 6.6%, 15.9%, 3.2% and 2.6%, respectively. While 23.6% of college freshmen reported drinking in the past month, the rates were 39.8% among boys and 15.9% among girls. After adjusting for demographic variables (ethnicity, education, major, etc.) and confounding variables (self evaluation of learning burden, number of close friends, screen time, etc.), the results of generalized linear model analysis showed that beer consumption was associated with anxiety symptoms in college freshmen( β =0.09, 95% CI =0.04-0.14), girls( β =0.14, 95% CI =0.07-0.21) and those aged 19-20 years ( β =0.12, 95% CI =0.05-0.19)(all P <0.05). Red wine consumption was associated with anxiety symptoms in male students ( β =0.13, 95% CI =0.02-0.24, P <0.05). Alcohol and beer consumption were associated with insomnia in college freshmen[ β (95% CI ) =0.22(0.08-0.36),0.31(0.23-0.39),both P <0.01]. Insomnia symptoms partially mediated the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms among college freshmen with a mediating effect value of 0.05, accounting for 50.49% of the total effect. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms partially mediates the association between drinking behaviors and anxiety symptoms in college freshmen. Measures should be taken to simultaneously intervene in the drinking behaviors and insomnia symptoms of college freshmen to prevent the occurrence of their anxiety symptoms.

Objective:To discuss the effect of Compound Rehmannia Granules on intestinal flora of the pneumonia model rats induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae(Spn)through 16s rRNA sequencing technology,and to clarify its potential mechanism.Methods:A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into control group(normal rats),model group(Spn-induced pneumonia rat models),low dose of Compound Rehmannia Granules group(pneumonia rat models administered 1.75 g·kg-1 Compound Rehmannia Granules by gavage),medium dose of Compound Rehmannia Granules group(pneumonia rat models administered 3.50 g·kg-1 Compound Rehmannia Granules by gavage),and high dose of Compound Rehmannia Granules group(pneumonia rat model administered 7.00 g·kg-1 Compound Rehmannia Granules by gavage),with 6 rats in each group.The wet/dry weight(W/D)ratio of lung tissue and blood gas indexes were measured;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology and the degree of lung injury in lung tissue of the rats in various groups were assessed;kit assay was used to detect the bacterial load level and the levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of the rats in various groups;16s rRNA intestinal flora sequencing analysis was performed.Results:Compared with control group,the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)of the rats in model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and oxygen saturation(SaO2)were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the PaCO2 of the rats in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the PaO? and SaO?were significantly increased(P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.The HE staining results showed no significant injury in lung tissue of the rats in control group;the cells in lung tissue of the rats in model group were arranged disorderly with massive inflammatory cell infiltration,and the alveolar wall capillaries were significantly dilated;compared with model group,the morphological damage of lung tissue of the rats in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups was improved.Compared with control group,the W/D value and pathological score of lung tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the W/D value and pathological scores of lung tissue of the rats in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.Compared with control group,the bacterial load level in BALF of the rats in model group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the bacterial load level in BALF of the rats in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.Compared with control group,the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the IL-10 level was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF of the rats in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the IL-10 level was significantly increased(P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.Compared with control group,the microbial abundance indicator(Chao1),microbial diversity and evenness indicator(Shannon),microbial dominance indicator(Simpson),and observed species indicator(observed_species)of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the Chao1,Shannon,Simpson,and(observed_species)indices of the rats in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.Compared with control group,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in model group was decreased,the relative abundance of Firmicutes was increased,and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups were increased,the relative abundance of Firmicutes was decreased,and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05),showing a dose-dependent manner.At the family level,compared with control group,the relative abundances of Corynebacteriaceae,Staphylococcaceae,and Moraxellaceae in model group were significantly increased,while the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Akkermansiaceae were significantly decreased;compared with model group,the relative abundances of Corynebacteriaceae,Staphylococcaceae,and Moraxellaceae in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups were significantly decreased,and the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Akkermansiaceae were significantly increased.At the genus level,compared with control group,the relative abundances of Desulfovibrio and Facklamia in model group were significantly increased,and the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae were significantly decreased;compared with model group,the relative abundances of Desulfovibrio and Facklamia in low,medium,and high doses of Compound Rehmannia Granules groups were significantly decreased,and the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae were significantly increased.Conclusion:Compound Rehmannia Granules can alleviate inflammation and lung injury in Spn-induced pneumonia rats,which may be related to the increase in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic effects of Yinqiao Powder (YQS) formulated granules and decoction. METHODS: We first evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the two dosage forms of YQS in a LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We further constructed zebrafish models of inflammation by copper sulfate exposure, caudal fin transection, or LPS and Poly (I:C) microinjection, and evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of YQS granules and decoction by examining neutrophil aggregation and HE staining findings. In a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intratracheal LPS instillation, the effects of YQS gavage at 10, 15, and 20 g/kg on lung pathologies were evaluated by calculating lung wet-dry weight ratio and using HE staining, ELISA and Western blotting. The microbroth dilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of YQS. Mouse pain models established by hot plate and intraperitoneal injection of glacial acetic acid were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of YQS at 10, 15, and 20 g/kg. RESULTS: Both YQS granules and decoction significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expressions and p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) phosphorylation level in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and obviously inhibited neutrophil aggregation in the zebrafish models. In ALI mice, YQS granules and decoction effectively ameliorated lung injury, lowered lung wet-dry weight ratio, and reduced p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) expression and TNF-α and IL-6 levels. YQS produced obvious antibacterial effect at the doses of 15.63 and 31.25 mg/mL, and significantly reduced body torsion and increased pain threshold in the mouse pain models. CONCLUSIONS The two dosage forms of TQS have similar anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic effects with only differences in their inhibitory effect on TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expressions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Animals ; Mice ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Analgesics/pharmacology* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Zebrafish ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Powders ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides

The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in transmitting and dispersing occlusal force, acting as mechanoreceptor for muscle activity during chewing, as well as mediating orthodontic tooth movement. It transforms mechanical stimuli into biological signals, influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Recent research has delved deeper into the biological and mechanical aspects of PDL, emphasizing the importance of understanding its structure and mechanical properties comprehensively. This review focuses on the latest findings concerning both macro- and micro- structural aspects of the PDL, highlighting its mechanical characteristics and factors that influence them. Moreover, it explores the mechanotransduction mechanisms of PDL cells under mechanical forces. Structure-mechanics-mechanotransduction interplay in PDL has been integrated ultimately. By providing an up-to-date overview of our understanding on PDL at various scales, this study lays the foundation for further exploration into PDL-related biomechanics and mechanobiology.
Periodontal Ligament/cytology* ; Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology* ; Stress, Mechanical

AIM: To investigate the effect of the relationship between scotopic pupil and optical zone diameters on short-term subjective and objective visual quality after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).METHODS:In this prospective cohort study, 98 patients(196 eyes)who underwent SMILE from September 2021 to June 2023 were included. Participants were divided into two groups based on the ratio of scotopic pupil diameter to optical zone diameter: group A(ratio >1, 70 eyes)and group B(ratio ≤1, 126 eyes). The preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), total corneal high-order aberrations at 4, 6, and 8 mm of pupil diameters, objective scatter index(OSI), pre- and post-operative QoV subjective visual quality questionnaire were observed and recorded. The refractive status of different groups of patients at different time points before and after surgery, and differences in subjective and objective visual quality indices were analyzed. Furthermore, the changes in subjective and objective visual quality(postoperative-preoperative)at different postoperative time points were analyzed between the two groups.RESULTS:No significant differences in visual acuity or refractive state were observed between the two groups at 3 mo postoperatively. In both the group A and the group B, there was a difference in the changes of corneal total higher-order aberration centered on 8 mm cornea at 1 mo postoperatively(P<0.05), and there was a difference in the changes of total higher-order aberration and corneal spherical aberration centered on 8 mm cornea at 3 mo postoperatively(all P<0.05). At 3 mo after surgery, the most commonly reported symptoms in the group A were glare, starburst, hazy vision, and halo. In the group B, the most common symptoms were hazy vision, halo, starburst, and glare. Statistically significant differences were observed in the severity of glare and visual fluctuation between groups before surgery and at 3 mo postoperatively(all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the severity of halo, starburst, blurred vision, double vision, or focusing difficulty at 3 mo postoperatively(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:When the scotopic pupil diameter exceeds the optical zone, SMILE may increase postoperative corneal aberrations, as evidenced by an increase in high-order corneal aberrations within an 8-mm central corneal range, a higher incidence of postoperative glare, and more severe glare and visual fluctuation symptoms. Nevertheless, these symptoms are mild and remain within a safe range.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the independent risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae （CRKP） infection， develop a nomogram prediction model and validate it. METHODS Clinical data of hospitalized patients infected with CRKP between April 2020 and May 2023 at Kunming First People’s Hospital were retrospectively collected and matched 1∶1 with patients infected with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae （CSKP） during the same period as the modeling group. Using the same criteria， data from patients hospitalized and infected with CRKP and matched CSKP between June 2023 and June 2024 were collected as the validation group. Univariate analysis， LASSO regression and multivariate Logistic regression were conducted to identify independent risk factors for CRKP infection and to develop a nomogram prediction model. Internal validation of the model was performed using Bootstrap resampling， and external validation was carried out using the data of validation group. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves and calibration plots. RESULTS A total of 530 patients were enrolled， with 372 in the modeling group and 158 in the validation group. Cerebrovascular disease， indwelling gastric tube， mechanical ventilation， exposure to carbapenem antibiotics， and exposure to β-lactamase inhibitor compound agents were identified as independent risk factors for CRKP infection （P＜0.05）. The nomogram predicting CRKP infection risk achieved an area under ROC of 0.729 and 0.803 in internal and external validations， respectively. Calibration curves indicated a high degree of consistency between predicted and observed probabilities. CONCLUSIONS Cerebrovascular disease， indwelling gastric tube， mechanical ventilation， exposure to carbapenem antibiotics， and exposure to β-lactamase inhibitor compound agent are independent risk factors for CRKP infection. The developed nomogram model for predicting CRKP infection risk demonstrates good predictive performance and can aid in the early identification of patients at high risk for CRKP infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Objective To understand the changing composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial species in the clinical isolates from outpatient and emergency department(hereinafter referred to as outpatients)and inpatient children over time in various hospitals,and to provide laboratory evidence for rational antibiotic use.Methods The data on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from outpatients and inpatient children in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 278 471 isolates were isolated from pediatric patients in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.About 17.1％of the strains were isolated from outpatients,primarily group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Most of the strains(82.9％)were isolated from inpatients,mainly SS.aureus,E.coli,and H.influenzae.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)in outpatients(24.5％)was lower than that in inpatient children(31.5％).The MRSA isolates from outpatients showed lower resistance rates to the antibiotics tested than the strains isolated from inpatient children.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or E.faecium and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was low in either outpatients or inpatient children.S.pneumoniae,β-hemolytic Streptococcus and S.viridans showed high resistance rates to erythromycin.The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus was higher in outpatients than that in inpatient children.The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae showed an overall upward trend in children,but lower in outpatients(45.1％)than in inpatient children(59.4％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKpn),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPae)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAba)was 14％,11.7％,47.8％in outpatients,but 24.2％,20.6％,and 52.8％in inpatient children,respectively.The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Proteus mirabilis,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains was lower in outpatients than in inpatient children.The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E.coli,ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,ESBLs-producing P.mirabilis,carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREco),CRKpn,and CRPae was lower in children in outpatients than in inpatient children,but the prevalence of CRAba in 2021 was higher than in inpatient children.Conclusions The distribution of clinical isolates from children is different between outpatients and inpatients.The prevalence of MRSA,ESBL,and CRO was higher in inpatient children than in outpatients.Antibiotics should be used rationally in clinical practice based on etiological diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prevention and control of hospital infections are crucial to curbing bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Objective To investigate the changes in the levels of D-dimer(D-D),fibrin degradation product(FDP),thrombomodulin(TM),thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT),tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex(t-PAIC),and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)during the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and their predictive value for efficacy and prognosis.Methods Thirty-one AML patients initially diagnosed at Guidong People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected as observation group,and 34 healthy medical checkupers were selected as control group.The changes in the levels of the indicators between two groups as well as before,during and after the treatment of observation group were compared,and observation group was divided into remission group and non-remission group according to the efficacy criteria,and the levels of the indicators between two groups were further compared.Risk factors for the efficacy and prognosis of AML patients were analyzed by using Logistic regression analysis.Results Before treatment,the levels of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TM and TAT in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in fibrinogen(Fib)compared with control group(P＞0.05).During the treatment,the levels of t-PAIC and TM in observation group were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05);After treatment,the levels of PT,D-D,FDP,PIC and TAT in observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of PT,D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TM and TAT were all lower than those during treatment(P＜0.05).The D-D,FDP,t-PAIC,PIC,TAT and TM levels in non-remission group were all higher than those in remission group,with the t-PAIC and TM levels showing statistical significance(P＜0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that t-PAIC was an independent risk factor affecting the efficacy and prognosis of AML patients(P＜0.05,OR=1.205,95％CI:1.015-1.430).Conclusion Regular testing of D-D,FDP,TM,TAT,t-PAIC and PIC levels can help to assess the disease changes and efficacy prognosis of AML patients,and provide an important reference for clinical decision-making.