ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang（CJLM） on depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in rats subjected to social isolation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）， and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose CJLM groups（2.89， 5.78， 11.56 g·kg^-1）， as well as a fluoxetine group（10 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， all other groups were subjected to social isolation combined with CUMS for 63 d. During the first 35 d， depression models were established only， and from day 36 onward， modeling and drug administration were conducted simultaneously for a total intervention period of 28 d. Depression-like behaviors were evaluated using the sucrose preference test， open-field test， and forced swimming test. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was performed to observe hippocampal histomorphology. Immunohistochemistry（IHC） was used to detect the expression levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1（Iba1） and gasdermin D（GSDMD） proteins in the hippocampus. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the protein expression levels of adenosine 5′-monophosphate（AMP）-activated protein kinase（AMPK） and phosphorylated（p）-AMPK， silent information regulator 1（SIRT1）， nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） and p-NF-κB， NOD-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）， and Caspase-1 in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-6， and IL-1β in the hippocampus. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a decreased sucrose preference rate（P<0.01）， reduced total movement distance（P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time（P<0.01）， and decreased central zone residence time（P<0.01） in the open-field test， and increased immobility time in the forced swimming test（P<0.01）. Hippocampal neuronal structure was damaged. The contents of Iba1 and GSDMD in the hippocampus were significantly increased（P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of p-AMPK and SIRT1 in the hippocampus were significantly decreased（P<0.01）， whereas the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 were significantly increased（P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the hippocampus were significantly upregulated（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose CJLM groups and the fluoxetine group all were able to reverse depression-like behavioral changes， as evidenced by increased sucrose preference rate， increased total movement distance with shortened immobility time in the open-field test， prolonged central zone residence time， and reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Meanwhile， hippocampal neuronal structural damage was alleviated. In the hippocampus， the expression levels of Iba1 and GSDMD were downregulated， the expression levels of p-AMPK and SIRT1 were upregulated， and the abnormal elevations of p-NF-κB， NLRP3， Caspase-1， as well as IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α mRNA were suppressed（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionCJLM can ameliorate depression-like behaviors in rats subjected to social isolation combined with CUMS and attenuate hippocampal neuroinflammation and pyroptosis， suggesting that its effects may be associated with the regulation of AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of Fisetin on sepsis-associated brain injury and explore its possible mechanism from the perspective of ferroptosis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (6-8-week-old male) were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (Sham group), colonic ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis model group (CLP group) and Fisetin preprocessing group (CLP+Fisetin group), with 18 rats in each group (12 for observing survival rate and 6 for indicator testing). The CLP+Fisetin group was given Fisetin solution 50 mg×kg^-1×d^-1 by gavage continuously for 5 days before CLP, with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solute, while Sham group and CLP group were given the same dose of DMSO. The model was established at 2 hours after the last gavage. The general condition of each group of rats were observed, and the 10-day mortality were record. The behavioral testing (new object recognition experiment, elevated cross maze experiment) were performed after 7 days of modeling. After 24 hours of modeling, nerve reflex scoring was performed, and then the rats were euthanized and brain tissue was collected. The pathological changes of brain tissue were observed under a microscope by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the deposition of iron ion in brain tissue was observed by Prussian blue staining. The content of iron in brain tissue was determined by tissue iron kit, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue was determined by colorimetry. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), neuron damage marker S100β, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenases-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: On day 10 post-operation, 12, 3, and 7 animals survived in the Sham group, CLP group, and CLP+Fisetin group, respectively. Compared with the Sham group, rats in the CLP group showed significantly decreased nerve reflex score, new object discrimination index and open arm dwell time. HE staining showed arranged disorderly of neuronal cells, cytoplasm deep staining, nuclear condensation, unclear structures, neuron loss, and significant inflammation in the hippocampus in the hippocampus. Prussian blue staining showed iron ion deposition in the brain tissue. The contents of iron and MDA in brain tissue were elevated, and the expressions of TNF-α and S100β were up-regulated, while the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX4 were down-regulated. Compared with the CLP group, the CLP+Fisetin group showed significantly increased neurological reflex score (7.33±1.15 vs. 4.67±1.53), improved new object discrimination index (0.44±0.02 vs. 0.32±0.04), and longer open arm dwell time (minutes: 78.33±9.29 vs. 41.15±9.64). Neuronal cells in the hippocampus were more organized, with less cytoplasmic staining, nuclear condensation, reduced neuronal loss, and fewer inflammatory cells. Iron ion deposition was reduced, and the contents of iron ions and MDA in brain tissue were decreased [iron ion (μg/g): 151.27±14.90 vs. 224.69±17.64, MDA (μmol/g): 470.0±44.3 vs. 709.3±65.4]. The expressions of TNF-α and S100β were significantly decreased (TNF-α/GAPDH: 0.651±0.060 vs. 0.896±0.022, S100β/GAPDH: 0.685±0.032 vs. 0.902±0.014), while the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX4 were significantly increased (Nrf2/GAPDH: 0.708±0.108 vs. 0.316±0.112, HO-1/GAPDH: 0.694±0.022 vs. 0.538±0.024, GPX4/GAPDH: 0.620±0.170 vs. 0.317±0.039). All differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fisetin pretreatment can inhibit ferroptosis and reduce sepsis-associated brain injury by Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway.
Animals ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Sepsis/complications* ; Male ; Rats ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase ; Neurons/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction ; Brain Injuries/metabolism* ; Flavonols ; Flavonoids/pharmacology* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism* ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)

Objective:This study aims to explore whether there are specific behavioral deficits of response inhibition and emotional processing in patients with checking obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and those with washing OCD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022, collecting clinical data from 75 OCD patients at the outpatient psychological consultation clinic of Xiangya Second Hospital and the clinical psychology department of Hunan Brain Hospital. The sample included 40 OCD patients with checking type (checking group, 24 males, 16 females, aged 14-34 years, mean age 22.1±5.0 years) and 35 OCD patients with washing type (washing group, 12 males, 23 females, aged 14-41 years, mean age 22.6±6.7 years). An age-matched healthy control group (control group) of 80 individuals (HCs, 37 males and 43 females, aged 14-25 years, mean age 20.8±1.9 years) was also recruited. All participants completed the Go/No-go task and Hariri task with behavioral data recorded. The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety. A 3 (group: checking OCD, washing OCD and HC)×2 (task type: Go vs. No-go/Shape vs. Face) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the behavioral performance across tasks.Results:Compared with HC group, both checking OCD group and washing OCD group had significantly higher scores in depression and anxiety ( F=85.43, 32.33,both P<0.05). When performing Go/No-go task, a significant group×task interaction effect was observed ( F3(2, 152)=3.23, P3=0.042, partialη32=0.04). In the checking OCD group, No-go accuracy was significantly lower than Go accuracy (accuracy=0.821 vs. 0.893, P<0.001); the checking OCD had significantly lower accuracy than HC in the No-go task (accuracy=0.821 vs. 0.876, P=0.005); there were no significant group differences between the washing OCD and HC in the No-go task ( P>0.05). When performing Hariri task, a significant group×task interaction effect was found ( F3(2, 152)=4.91, P3=0.009, partial η32=0.06). The washing OCD group showed significantly lower accuracy in matching emotional faces than the control group (0.879 vs. 0.936, P=0.001), whereas the checking OCD group showed no significant difference from the HC ( P>0.05); there were no significant group differences in shape matching task ( P>0.05). The accuracy of shape matching task was significantly higher than face matching task in the three groups (shape: checking OCD=0.936,washing OCD=0.929,HC=0.943; face:checking OCD=0.877,washing OCD=0.844,HC=0.917;all P>0.05). Conclusions:Checking OCD and washing OCD exhibit distinct behavioral impairment patterns in response inhibition and emotional processing. Checking-type OCD is primarily characterized by impaired response inhibition, whereas washing-type OCD is mainly associated with deficits in emotion processing.

Objective:This study aims to explore whether there are specific behavioral deficits of response inhibition and emotional processing in patients with checking obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and those with washing OCD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022, collecting clinical data from 75 OCD patients at the outpatient psychological consultation clinic of Xiangya Second Hospital and the clinical psychology department of Hunan Brain Hospital. The sample included 40 OCD patients with checking type (checking group, 24 males, 16 females, aged 14-34 years, mean age 22.1±5.0 years) and 35 OCD patients with washing type (washing group, 12 males, 23 females, aged 14-41 years, mean age 22.6±6.7 years). An age-matched healthy control group (control group) of 80 individuals (HCs, 37 males and 43 females, aged 14-25 years, mean age 20.8±1.9 years) was also recruited. All participants completed the Go/No-go task and Hariri task with behavioral data recorded. The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety. A 3 (group: checking OCD, washing OCD and HC)×2 (task type: Go vs. No-go/Shape vs. Face) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the behavioral performance across tasks.Results:Compared with HC group, both checking OCD group and washing OCD group had significantly higher scores in depression and anxiety ( F=85.43, 32.33,both P<0.05). When performing Go/No-go task, a significant group×task interaction effect was observed ( F3(2, 152)=3.23, P3=0.042, partialη32=0.04). In the checking OCD group, No-go accuracy was significantly lower than Go accuracy (accuracy=0.821 vs. 0.893, P<0.001); the checking OCD had significantly lower accuracy than HC in the No-go task (accuracy=0.821 vs. 0.876, P=0.005); there were no significant group differences between the washing OCD and HC in the No-go task ( P>0.05). When performing Hariri task, a significant group×task interaction effect was found ( F3(2, 152)=4.91, P3=0.009, partial η32=0.06). The washing OCD group showed significantly lower accuracy in matching emotional faces than the control group (0.879 vs. 0.936, P=0.001), whereas the checking OCD group showed no significant difference from the HC ( P>0.05); there were no significant group differences in shape matching task ( P>0.05). The accuracy of shape matching task was significantly higher than face matching task in the three groups (shape: checking OCD=0.936,washing OCD=0.929,HC=0.943; face:checking OCD=0.877,washing OCD=0.844,HC=0.917;all P>0.05). Conclusions:Checking OCD and washing OCD exhibit distinct behavioral impairment patterns in response inhibition and emotional processing. Checking-type OCD is primarily characterized by impaired response inhibition, whereas washing-type OCD is mainly associated with deficits in emotion processing.

Purpose/Significance To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of self-management level of elderly diabetic mellitus patients in Dongcheng District of Beijing,and to provide references for further development of community diabetes health educa-tion and health management.Method/Process The survey is conducted on 1 962 cases of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are randomly selected from community-level health service institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing and are investigated by self-made questionnaires and the summary of diabetes self-care activities.Multiple stepwise regression and logistic regression are used to analyze the influencing factors of patients'self-management level.Result/Conclusion The self-management level of elderly diabetic mellitus patients is affected by many factors,among which the awareness of disease-related knowledge,the form of medical security and the use of health-related software to manage chronic diseases are the main influencing factors(P＜0.05).Local management depart-ments can take targeted health interventions to further improve the self-management ability of elderly diabetic mellitus patients.

Purpose/Significance The paper systematically reviews relevant research on infectious disease prediction models based on internet data,helps to realize the advancement of infectious disease surveillance,and provides references for the construction of intelli-gent three-dimensional prevention and treatment system of infectious diseases.Method/Process The development history and research direction of infectious disease surveillance and early warning based on internet data collected in the core database of Web of Science and CNKI in the past 20 years are reviewed,major existing problems and challenges are analyzed,and common prediction models and their optimization directions are summarized.Result/Conclusion The study on internet infectious disease surveillance shows the trend of diver-sification of monitoring diseases,refinement and specialization of data sources.Due to the complexity and uncertainty of internet data,most of the existing models are only suitable for short-term or real-time prediction.By constructing a combination model,strengthening multi-source data fusion,improving the selection of keywords and influencing factors,the model can be further optimized and the fitting effect and prediction capacity can be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the effects of 30% ethanol elution fraction of Artemisia absinthium extract with macroporous resin (AAEM-30%) on the dendritic cell (DC) and immunity of mice. Methods:AAEM-30% was obtained from the alcoholic extracts of A. absinthium by AB-8 macroporous resin, and its polysaccharide, flavonoid, and terpenoid contents were determined. The expressions of AAEM-30% on DC surface molecular cluster of differentiation (CD) 40, CD80 and CD86 were detected in vitro by flow cytometry, and the expressions of DC cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of AAEM-30% on the immune function of ICR mice was measured in vivo with different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) and different administration methods (subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, and gavage). Results:The contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids, and terpenoids in AAEM-30% were 24.30%, 22.50% and 28.19%, respectively. AAEM-30% significantly enhanced the expression of CD40, and CD86 and the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α (all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, no statistically significant differences were found in the body mass of mice compared with the three administration methods (all P>0.05). The thymus index in the 50 and 100 mg/kg AAEM-30% intraperitoneal injection groups and the spleen index in the 50 mg/kg AAEM-30% gavage group were increased (all P<0.05). CD19 + cells increased in the 100 mg/kg AAEM-30% intraperitoneal injection group ( P<0.01) and in the 50 mg/kg AAEM-30% gavage group ( P<0.05). The CD11b + and CD11c + counts increased in the 100 mg/kg AAEM-30% gavage group ( P<0.05). The number of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes was increased by both gavage and intraperitoneal administration (all P<0.05). Conclusions:AAEM-30% can promote the maturation of DC and enhanced the immunity of mice without obvious side effects.

Dendritic cells (DC) as professional antigen-presenting cells can activate na?ve T cells and play an important role in bridging innate immunity and acquired immunity. Therefore, the differentiation and maturation of DC and the mechanism in its function regulatory have attracted much attention. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been gradually known. In recent years, increasing studies have reported that ncRNAs play an importantly role in regulating the differentiation and maturation of DC. In this paper, the regulatory effects of microRNAs and long ncRNAs on the differentiation, maturation and function of DC were reviewed.

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a pathological subtype of lung neuroendocrine cancer, which accounts for 2.4%-3.1% in surgical specimens of lung cancer. It is characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis, and highly correlated with smoking. There are few relevant studies due to the low incidence and small sample size. Therefore, it is relatively difficult to diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. In this review, we described molecular subtype, diagnostic and prognostic-related markers about large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung based on the recent progress in genomic sequencing and molecular markers, to find the direction for the next research.
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The traditional denoising algorithm for ultrasound images would lost a lot of details and weak edge information when suppressing speckle noise. A new denoising algorithm of adaptive threshold based on curvelet transform is proposed in this paper. The algorithm utilizes differences of coefficients' local variance between texture and smooth region in each layer of ultrasound image to define fuzzy regions and membership functions. In the end, using the adaptive threshold that determine by the membership function to denoise the ultrasound image. The experimental text shows that the algorithm can reduce the speckle noise effectively and retain the detail information of original image at the same time, thus it can greatly enhance the performance of B ultrasound instrument.
Algorithms ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonics