Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Pudong New Area, Shanghai from 2010 to 2023, and to grasp the incidence of scarlet fever in time. Methods The information on the registration of scarlet fever in Pudong New Area, Shanghai from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2023 was collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used for data analysis. Results From 2010 to 2023, a total of 5 669 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and no deaths were reported. The annual reported incidence rate was 7.2/100 000, and the overall trend was decreasing year by year. In terms of time distribution, the incidence peaks were in spring and winter. The incidence rate in males was higher than that in females, and it mainly affected children, especially those aged 2 to 10 years. Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the reported incidence rate of scarlet fever from 2010 to 2023 showed that the incidence rate was fluctuating, and the incidence rate decreased significantly from 2019 to 2023 (APC was -53.7%). Conclusion The reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Pudong New Area in Shanghai has decreased year by year from 2010 to 2023, and children remain the focus of prevention and control.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

The escalating phenomenon of global population aging is posing multi-dimensional challenges to society, the economy and medical healthcare system.Among the significant health threats to the elderly population are cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and cognitive frailty(CF), both of which profoundly affect the quality of life and increase the risks of adverse health outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and death.The concurrent presence of CVD and CF in elderly patients is prevalent, as these conditions share many common risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, such as atherosclerosis, microcirculation dysfunction, and inflammation, which interact to perpetuate a vicious cycle.Notably, CF exhibits a certain degree of reversibility; thus, the implementation of a diagnosis and treatment paradigm that incorporates "comprehensive geriatric assessment and geriatric interdisciplinary teams" should be established as a conventional management strategy for elderly patients affected by both CVD and CF.Cognitive digital therapeutics, along with personalized exercise prescriptions based on cardiopulmonary exercise tests, may represent more appropriate precision interventions for these patients.Consequently, there is a necessity for further in-depth research in this area moving forward.

The escalating phenomenon of global population aging is posing multi-dimensional challenges to society, the economy and medical healthcare system.Among the significant health threats to the elderly population are cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and cognitive frailty(CF), both of which profoundly affect the quality of life and increase the risks of adverse health outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, and death.The concurrent presence of CVD and CF in elderly patients is prevalent, as these conditions share many common risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, such as atherosclerosis, microcirculation dysfunction, and inflammation, which interact to perpetuate a vicious cycle.Notably, CF exhibits a certain degree of reversibility; thus, the implementation of a diagnosis and treatment paradigm that incorporates "comprehensive geriatric assessment and geriatric interdisciplinary teams" should be established as a conventional management strategy for elderly patients affected by both CVD and CF.Cognitive digital therapeutics, along with personalized exercise prescriptions based on cardiopulmonary exercise tests, may represent more appropriate precision interventions for these patients.Consequently, there is a necessity for further in-depth research in this area moving forward.

To clarify the genetic diversity and structure of the nucleus population of F1-generation Litopenaeus vannamei, this study utilized 15 pairs of highly polymorphic microsatellite primers to analyze the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and genetic diversity in 15 full-sib families of L. vannamei. A total of 112 alleles (N_a) and 60.453 effective alleles (N_e) were identified among the selected 15 SSR loci, with the average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.648. The average N_e, observed heterozygosity (H_o), and expected heterozygosity (H_e) in the 15 F1 families varied from 1.925 to 2.626, 0.425 to 0.783, and 0.403 to 0.572, respectively. The 15 full-sib families were primarily clustered into three categories in the phylogenetic analysis, with the genetic distance between families ranging from 0.252 to 0.574. Additionally, the genetic differentiation coefficient (F_st) among the families varied from 0.112 to 0.278, indicating substantial genetic differentiation. Overall, this study suggested that the genetic diversity of the 15 full-sib families was moderate, providing valuable genetic insights for the subsequent breeding initiatives aimed at enhancing the tolerance of L. vannamei to high levels of soybean meal.
Penaeidae/classification* ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Animals ; Genetic Variation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Phylogeny ; Alleles ; Genetic Markers

Lysine specific demethylase1(LSD1)is a flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)-dependent monoamine oxidase.Studies have confirmed that aberrant expression of LSD1 is closely related to tumor metastasis and proliferation,and is currently one of the important targets for tumor-targeted therapy.In addition,LSD1 is involved in the development of various conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and inflammatory responses.Currently,several inhibitors have been developed for the clinical research stage.In this paper,the structure and mechanism of action of LSD1 and the research progress of LSD1 inhibitors are briefly introduced to provide some reference for the design and development of novel LSD1 inhibitors.

Fibromyalgia syndrome （FMS） is a refractory， chronic non-articular rheumatic disease characterized by widespread pain throughout the body， for which there are no satisfactory therapeutic drugs or options. There are rich Chinese medical therapies， and some non-drug therapies， such as acupuncture， Tai Chi， and Ba-Duan-Jin， have shown satisfactory efficacy and safety and definite advantages of simultaneously adjusting mind and body. FMS is taken as a disease responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. In order to clarify the research progress in FMS and the clinical advantages of TCM/integrated Chinese and Western medicine， the China Academy of Chinese Medicine organized a seminar for nearly 20 experts in Chinese and Western medicine， including rheumatology， psychology， acupuncture and moxibustion， and encephalopathy， with the topic of difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment of FMS and advantages of TCM and Western medicine. The recommendations were reached on the difficulties in early diagnosis and solutions of FMS， mitigation of common non-specific symptoms， preferential analgesic therapy， TCM pathogenesis and treatment advantages， and direction of treatment with integrated Chinese and Western medicine. FMS is currently facing the triple dilemma of low early correct diagnosis， poor patient participation， and unsatisfactory benefit from pure Western medicine treatment. To solve the above problems， this paper suggests that rheumatologists should serve as the main diagnostic force of this disease， and they should improve patient participation in treatment decision-making， implement exercise therapy， and fully utilize the holistic and multidimensional features of TCM， which is effective in alleviating pain， improving mood， and decreasing adverse events. In addition， it is suggested that FMS treatment should rely on both TCM and Western medicine and adopt multidisciplinary joint treatment， which is expected to improve the standard of diagnosis and treatment of FMS in China.

BACKGROUND:At present,the biological functions and molecular changes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the tumor microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the changes in the biological function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia and the role of acute myeloid leukemia conditioned medium by bioinformatics and experiment. METHODS:Differential genes were screened from GEO data sets,and enrichment analysis was performed.The protein-protein interaction network was constructed and the Hub gene was obtained.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and healthy donors were cultured.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from healthy donors were treated with acute myeloid leukemia conditioned culture solution.Each group was subjected to the adipogenic differentiation,osteogenic differentiation,staining of β-galactosidase,detection of the cell cycle,and validation of Hub genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Gene expression data of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and healthy donors were obtained from GSE84881,and 184 up-regulated genes and 140 down-regulated genes were screened.(2)The biological functions of enrichment mainly include cell cycle,adipocyte differentiation,cell metabolism,and MYC pathway.According to the Degree algorithm,10 up-regulated Hub genes and 10 down-regulated Hub genes were selected.(3)The cell in vitro experiment found that:compared with the control group,the surface antigen of acute myeloid leukemia mesenchymal stem cells did not change,but it showed enhanced lipid differentiation ability,weakened osteogenic differentiation ability,increased β-galactosidase positive cell number,altered cell morphology,arrested cell cycle,increased LGALS3 expression,and decreased MYC expression.Mesenchymal stem cells from healthy donors showed similar changes after being cultured in acute myeloid leukemia conditioned medium.(4)The results show that biological function of mesenchymal stem cells is altered in the acute myeloid leukemia microenvironment,which provides new insights into the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of cardiac magnetic resonance fractal analysis in evaluating left ventricular trabecular complexity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM),and to study the degree of left ventricular trabecular complexity in HCM and the relationship between excessive trabecular complexity and cardiac function.Materials and Methods From August 2020 to December 2022,a total of 80 patients with HCM from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed.Additionally,80 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.Left ventricular functional parameters and fractal dimension(FD)of left ventricular trabecular myocardium were measured.The differences of mean global FD,max basal FD and max apical FD were compared between the HCM group and the control group,the correlation between FDs and cardiac function parameters was evaluated.The diagnostic efficiency of mean global FD,max apical FD and max basal FD was analyzed via receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The mean global FD of HCM group was significantly higher than that of normal group,and the difference was statistically significant(1.303±0.047 vs.1.229±0.026;t=-12.387,P<0.001).Mean global FD showed the best performance in differentiating HCM from normal control group.The optimal cut-off value for the diagnosis of HCM was 1.251,with the area under curve of 0.933(95%CI 0.896-0.969).Mean global FD was positively correlated with maximum wall thickness and left ventricular mass index(r=0.686,0.687,P<0.001),and max apical FD was positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction(r=0.520,P<0.001).Conclusion The FD obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance fractal analysis technique is reproducible and has definite value in the diagnosis of HCM,with association with the structure and function of left heart.