Qingfeitang， specialized in resolving phlegm to stop cough and producing fluid to moisten dryness， is a classic prescription inherited and developed by physicians of successive generations and has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2018. Relevant ancient books data and modern literature were collected by bibliometrics to analyze the historic origin， formula composition， herb origin， preparation methods， processing methods， clinical effect， and indications of Qingfeitang. The key information of Qingfeitang was summarized to provide reference for the clinical application of the decoction. In this study， a total of 43 pieces of effective data on relevant ancient literature， including 35 ancient TCM books， were collected based on a systematic collation of relevant historic and modern literature. Results showed that "Qingfeitang" was originated from the "Renshen Qingfeitang" recorded in the Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief from the Qing dynasty. The name of "Qinfeitang" was first recorded in the Yeshi Luyanfang written by YE Dalian in the Song dynasty. We suggested the modern dosage and usage of Qingfeitang as follows： "Scutellariae Radix of 5.60 g， Platycodon grandiflora， Poria， Tangerine， Fritillaria， and Cortex Mori of 3.73 g respectively， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Asparagi Radix， Gardeniae Fructus， Armeniacae Semen Amarum， and Ophiopogonis Radix of 2.61 g respectively， Schisandra of 1 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma of 1.12 g， and they were taken 3 times daily. The above formula is recommended to be decocted with 400 mL of water， with 3.37 g ginger and 6 g jujubae fructus， to 320 mL， and taken after a meal， three times per day". Qingfeitang has the effect of resolving phlegm to stop cough and producing fluid to moisten dryness， specialized in treating cough， asthma， rash， and other symptoms in ancient times. Modern applications are mainly focused on the respiratory system， used for treating diseases such as bronchopneumonia and cough. The above research results provide a reference basis for the later development and research of Qingfeitang.

Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Daochisan is a pediatric famous classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） specializing in clearing the heart， disinhibiting water and enriching Yin， which has been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations. The formula can be traced back to Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi from Song dynasty， and most of the later-developed Daochisan（Daochitang） is based on this formula with additions and subtractions. So as to promote the literature excavation of this formula， this paper conducts a thorough textual research and analysis of the composition， processing， preparation methods， clinical applications of Daochisan based on a systematic collation of relevant ancient and modern literature in the method of bibliometrics. A total of 127 pieces of data involving 86 antient TCM books were collected. Statistical analysis showed that the drug origin of Daochisan is basically clear， we suggest that Rehmanniae Radix is the root tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa of Scrophulariaceae， Akebiae Caulis is the dry stem of Akebia quinata of Lardizabalaceae， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dry root and stem of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of legume， bamboo leaf is the dry leaves of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis of gramineous plants. Four herbs are recommended to use its raw products. The key information of the dosage and decocting method is supposed to be "4.13 g each of raw Rehmanniae Radix， raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Akebiae Caulis， adding 300 mL of water， and then adding 4.13 g of bamboo leaf， decocting together to 150 mL， taking warmly after meal". Daochisan has the effect of clearing the heart and enriching Yin， disinhibiting water and relieving stranguria， and is widely used in treating symptoms such as heart vexed hotness， hydrodipsia and reddish complexion. Modern studies have showed that Daochisan are frequently used in treating oral ulcer， herpetic stomatitis， urinary tract infection， herpes zoster and other diseases. The above research results can provide scientific reference for the future development and research of Daochisan.

Objective To investigate the distributions of vitamin K1 and K2 in infants of different age groups by comparing the serum levels of vitamin K1 and K2 in them.Methods 1177 infants from 0 to 3 months were divided into 6 age groups.Those born/treated in the subject units(pediatrics,neonatology,child health care,obstetrics)were selected as the study subjects and grouped by age:0～3 days(591 cases),4～7 days(255 cases),8～5 days(104 cases),1 month(118 cases),2 months(40 cases),and 3 months(69 cases).General data of the infants were collected,and the serum vitamin K1 and K2 levels were determined by HPLC-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)on a unified platform,and analyzed from the distribution of vitamin K1 and K2 at different ages.Results The distributions of vitamin K1 and K2 levels were statistically significant(P<0.001);newborns were highly vulnerable to vitamin K1 deficiency,and vitamin K2 deficiency was higher than vitamin K1 with age.Conclusion Maintaining the normal growth of vitamin K1 and K2 is crucial for the normal growth and development of infants of all ages,so we should pay close attention to the monitoring and supplement of vitamin K1 and K2.

Objective To investigate the effects of nalbuphine combined with dexmedetomidine on postop-erative recovery quality and pain in patients who undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.Methods A total of 169 patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery at our hospital were included and divided into control group(group C),nalbuphine group(group N),dexmedetomidine group(group D),and nalbuphine combined with dexme-detomidine group(group ND)using randomised numerical table method.Group C received intravenous injection of saline,group N and group ND received intravenous injection of nalbuphine before the end of the surgery,and group D and group ND received pumping of dexmedetomidine before anesthesia induction and during surgery.Compare the postoperative recovery quality score(QoR-40),hemodynamics at different time points,visual analogue scale score(VAS),sedation-agitation scale(SAS),first time out of bed activity and exhaust time,and incidence of nausea and vomiting among four groups.Results The postoperative QoR-40 scores of patients in group ND were better than those in group C and group N(P<0.05),and the QoR-40 scores in group D were better than those in group C(P<0.05).MAP and HR were more stable during the awakening period in group ND and group D(P<0.05).Compared with group C,patients in all three groups had lower VAS scores and SAS scores(P<0.05)and consumed less remedial analgesic medication(P<0.05).In terms of adverse reactions,the incidence of postoperative nausea,vomiting and coughing in the group ND was lower than that in the group C(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of nalbuphine and dexmedetomidine could improve the quality of postoperative recovery and pain in patients under-going laparoscopic bariatric surgery,reduce hemodynamic fluctuations during the patients′ recovery period,reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting,and improve the patients′ prognosis.

BACKGROUND:The specific molecular mechanism of the transformation from normal healthy people to acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy has not been clear,which needs to be further studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differential expression of serum proteomics between normal healthy people and patients with acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,and to find and identify potential specific serum markers between them. METHODS:The serum samples of eight patients with acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and eight normal healthy people were collected,and the proteomic screening and analysis were performed by tandem mass tag combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology,in order to explore and identify serum proteins differentially expressed in patients with acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 183 significantly differential proteins were screened by tandem mass tag technology,and 11 significantly differential proteins were identified(P＜0.05).Compared with normal healthy people,three differential proteins were significantly up-regulated,including human leukocyte antigen-A,secretoglobin family 1a member 1,and protein 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,and seven differential proteins were significantly down-regulated,such as immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3,skin factor,and myosin light chain 3,in patients with acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that these differential proteins participated in antigen binding,immunoglobulin receptor binding and other molecular functions.Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that among the common differential proteins between normal healthy people and patients with acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,HLA-A,HPD,PSMA3,DMKN,SCGB1A1,and MYL3 were located at the nodes of the functional network,and were closely related to the systems of body immunity,cellular inflammatory response,energy metabolism,and mechanical pressure.The significantly differential proteins HLA-A,HPD and MYL3 were verified by western blot,and the results were consistent with those of proteomics.To conclude,tandem mass tag combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology can be used to find the differentially expressed proteins in serum between normal healthy people and patients with acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.It is preliminarily believed that HLA-A,HPD and MYL3 may be specific serum markers of acute cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,providing a new direction for further research on its pathogenesis.

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a common cardiovascular emergency in clinic.Early reperfusion is a typical and effective method for the treatment of AMI.However,the recovery of blood supply after reperfusion therapy will accelerate the damage of ischemic myocardium and cause myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MI/RI).In recent years,studies have found that TCM has the unique advantages of multi-component,multi-channel and multi-target in the intervention of MI/RI.Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT)signaling pathway is closely related to MI/RI,which can reduce MI/RI process by regulating inflammation,oxidative stress,cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.This article reviewed the mechanism of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in MI/RI and the research of TCM targeting this pathway,in order to provide references for the prevention and treatment of MI/RI and further drug development.

This paper discussed the historic evolution of Juanbitang and similar decoctions， clarified the historic development of Yangshi Juanbitang and Chengshi Juanbitang， and probed into the key information of the meaning， original plants， processing methods， and modern dosage and usage of Chengshi Juanbitang. A total of 267 pieces of relevant information were collected from ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books， among which 53 pieces of effective data were included in this study. The results showed that both Chenshi Juanbitang and Yangshi Juanbitang were originated from Duhuo Jishengtang recoded in the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency （Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang）. According to the standard of "1 qian roughly equals 3.73 g" in the measurement system of the Qing Dynasty， we suggest Chenshi Juanbitang is composed of 3.73 g Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， 3.73 g Angelicae Pubescentis Radix， 3.73 g Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix， 11.19 g Angelicae Sinensis Radix， 11.19 g Mori Ramulus， 2.61 g Chuanxiong Rhizoma， 1.87 g Cinnamomi Cortex， 1.87 g stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 7.46 g Piperis Kadsurae Caulis， 2.98 g Olibanum， and 2.98 g Aucklandiae Radix， which should be decocted with 600 mL water to reach a volume of 300 mL. The decoction should be taken 3 times a day before meals. Juanbitang， a classical formula specialized for treating impediment diseases， has the effects of dispelling wind， removing dryness， and alleviating impediment to relieve pain. It can be used for treating vexing pain in body， spasm of nape and back， and heaviness in waists and legs. Modern studies have shown that Juanbitang can be used for treating rheumatoid arthritis， knee osteoarthritis， and periarthritis of shoulder. The above results served as a reference for the future development of Juanbitang.

Stomach exuberance and spleen deficiency are common pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Through analyzing the pathogenesis of stomach exuberance and spleen deficiency， it is believed that its essence is stomach heat and spleen deficiency. Stomach heat includes gastrointestinal heat， spleen and stomach damp-heat， and spleen deficiency is divided into deficiency of spleen yin， deficiency of spleen qi ， and deficiency of spleen yang. It is suggested that the metabolic diseases of stomach-exuberance and spleen-deficiency syndrome can be divided into three categories，i.e. stomach-heat and spleen yin-deficiency， stomach-heat and spleen qi-deficiency， and stomach-heat and spleen yang-deficiency， and the main treatment methods are clearing and draining heat， nourishing yin and moistening intestine， clearing dampness and heat， strengthening spleen and qi， clearing dampness and heat， strengthening spleen and warming yang， respectively， with prescriptions as Maziren Pills （麻子仁丸）， Qinlian Pingwei Powder （芩连平胃散）， and Jiawei Lianli Decoction （加味连理汤） accordingly.

[Objective] To explore the characteristics of lifestyle behaviors and mental health status among blood donors in Guangzhou, and to investigate the correlation between donation frequency and these factors. [Methods] A cross-sectional study was conducted among 13 042 whole blood donors from 17 street blood donation sites of Guangzhou Blood Center from May to August 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the characteristics of lifestyle behaviors and mental health status among blood donors in Guangzhou. Ordinal multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between donation frequency and these factors. [Results] It was found that some of 13 042 blood donors had unhealthy habits, such as 6.8% (698/10 214，2 828 missing values) had severe tobacco dependence, 30.6% (3 997/13 042) had low exercise levels, 38.8%（5 056/13 042）had poor sleep quality, and 2.2% (271/12 159，883 missing values) had alcohol dependence. In addition, 2.8% (364/13 042) and 1.3% (172/13 042) of the donors may have moderate to severe depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The results of the ordinal multinomial logistic regression model showed that exercise level was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of depression and anxiety among blood donors. With the decrease in exercise level, the possibility of depression and anxiety among donors increased significantly. BMI, household income, education level, marital status, donation frequency, alcohol consumption and smoking had no significant correlation with the mental health status of donors. [Conclusion] Improving the exercise habits of blood donors may help enhance their mental health level. It is recommended that blood station staff strengthen the content of exercise when providing health education to blood donors to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It also suggests that there may be a certain degree of under-diagnosis of mental health problems in the process of health consultation before blood donation, and conducting more comprehensive and effective mental health assessments for blood donors is recommended.