Objective In response to the prevalent issue of insufficient professional quality among nursing staff working in care homes,this study aims to conduct a foundational assessment using the"Medical and Elderly Care Integration Institution Elderly Care Staff Professional Quality Assessment Scale"based on the job competency theory,and then investigate the effective-ness of the"333"tiered training model following the initial assessment.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 160 caregivers from care homes in Wuxi.The caregivers were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group.A baseline assessment of professional competence was conducted using the professional quality assessment indicator system before training.The experimental group was treated with a tiered training model and training program,which were proposed using literature research and questionnaire survey methods and according to the results of baseline professional quality assessment.The control group did not undergo tiered training,but took the same training program as in the experimental group.SPSS 21.0 soft-ware was used for analysing the training outcome data.Results By comparison,the experimental group showed significantly re-duced learning time and had significantly higher assessment scores.The satisfaction degree of the elderly people and the caregiv-ers of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.The satisfaction ratings with training course design,training methods,and information-based teaching in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusion Assessing the professional quality of medical and elderly caregivers is essential for tired training.Tiered training is an effective way to improve the quality and efficiency of training,and a complete training organization system and a sound management mechanism are essential guarantees for implementing tiered training.

Objective In response to the prevalent issue of insufficient professional quality among nursing staff working in care homes,this study aims to conduct a foundational assessment using the"Medical and Elderly Care Integration Institution Elderly Care Staff Professional Quality Assessment Scale"based on the job competency theory,and then investigate the effective-ness of the"333"tiered training model following the initial assessment.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 160 caregivers from care homes in Wuxi.The caregivers were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group.A baseline assessment of professional competence was conducted using the professional quality assessment indicator system before training.The experimental group was treated with a tiered training model and training program,which were proposed using literature research and questionnaire survey methods and according to the results of baseline professional quality assessment.The control group did not undergo tiered training,but took the same training program as in the experimental group.SPSS 21.0 soft-ware was used for analysing the training outcome data.Results By comparison,the experimental group showed significantly re-duced learning time and had significantly higher assessment scores.The satisfaction degree of the elderly people and the caregiv-ers of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.The satisfaction ratings with training course design,training methods,and information-based teaching in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusion Assessing the professional quality of medical and elderly caregivers is essential for tired training.Tiered training is an effective way to improve the quality and efficiency of training,and a complete training organization system and a sound management mechanism are essential guarantees for implementing tiered training.

Objective:To explore the adjustment ranges of auto-segmentation contours for organs at risk (OAR) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and assess the dosimetric impacts of the contours from varying sources on radiotherapy plans.Methods:Twenty-five patients with early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were investigated. Through expert delineation, deep learning-based automatic delineation, and atlas-based automatic delineation of their spinal cord, brainstem, optic nerves, optic chiasm, parotid glands, oral cavity, hypopharynx, and mandible, as well as expert correction of these automatic delineations, five structure sets were formed. Moreover, the contours delineated by experts (also referred to as the expert contours) of the target volumes and other OARs were copied into the images for subsequent research. The Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of the structure sets were calculated. Using the radiotherapy plans optimized based on expert contours as templates, the radiotherapy plans and dose distributions of all the structure sets were established. The expert contours and contours determined using automatic delineation and corrected by experts (also referred to as the corrected contours) were defined as clinical contours. Then, three research objectives were set: the dosimetric effects of inter-observer clinical contour variations, the impacts of contour variations on plan optimization, and the impacts of contour variations on plan evaluation.Results:The average DSC of the visual pathway was 0.62±0.10, lower than that of other OARs (0.86±0.04). After expert correction, the DSCs of contours obtained using deep learning- and atlas-based automatic delineation increased by 7.61% and 10.69%, respectively. For the dosimetric effects of inner-observer contour variations, the Dmax of the optic chiasm was the maximum (3.96±6.02)Gy, while the Dmean of the hypopharynx was the minimum (0.81±0.55 Gy). When the impacts of contour variations on plan optimization were assessed based on expert contours, the dose differences (Δ D) exceeding ±3 Gy accounted for 22%, 14%, 46%, and 42%, respectively for the spinal cord, brainstem, optic nerve, and optic chiasm and accounted for only 2% for other OARs. After expert correction, the Δ D between automatic and expert contours decreased, with Δ D exceeding ±3 Gy decreased by 16% and 14%, respectively for the optic nerves and optic chiasm. When the average distance of the overlap volume histogram (OVH) exceeded 3.5 cm, all Δ Dmax fell within ±3 Gy. When the average distance of OVH was greater than 1.5 cm, all Δ Dmean fell within ±2 Gy. For contours obtained using deep learning and atlas-based automatic delineation, the doses of 50.0%±17.3% and 52.6%±19.3% of patients fell within the dose ranges of clinical contours, respectively. The numbers of patients for whom the Dmax of the spinal cord, optic nerve, optic chiasm and the D1 cm 3 of the mandible in the two types of automatic contours fell within the dose ranges of clinical contours were statistically different ( t = -4.24, -3.99, -3.16, 3.51, P < 0.05). Conclusions:After expert correction, the automatic delineation results from different sources exhibited certain geometric differences. The expert correction reduced the impacts of automatic contours on plan optimization. The average distance of OVH is identified as an important feature used to determine dose differences. For small-volume serial organs close to the target volumes, meticulous corrections are required before applying auto-segmentation to clinical practice.

Pseudorabies virus(PRV)is the etiological agent of pseudorabies in pigs,which is char-acterized by dyspnea,reproductive disorders,and neurological diseases,and it spreads widely a-round the world.Since 2011,the newly emerged PRV variants have resulted in poor immunity pro-tection of traditional vaccine strains,and the original method of vaccine strain preparation is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Therefore,it is urgently needed to develop an efficient screening method of the vaccine strain at present.Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in this study,two single guide RNAs(sgRNA)were designed targeting the virulence gene TK of PRV variant strain CH/JX/2016,and then the enhanced green fluorescent protein the reporter(EGFP)gene was inserted at the TK locus by a homologous repair plasmid.After multiple rounds of plaque puri-fication,the rPRV-ΔTK/EGFP strain was obtained.The results showed the cleavage efficiency of the two sgRNAs was extremely high.The preparation of rPRV-ΔTK/EGFP strain was succeed af-ter only three rounds of purification,and the EGFP expressed normally.The CRISPR/Cas9 system can edit the PRV gene simply,rapidly,and efficiently,and exhibits great potential in the construction of vaccine candidate strains.Meanwhile,the rescued rPRV-ΔTK/EGFP strain not only could be used as a tracer strain in PRV variant infection progresses,but also for subsequent antivi-ral drug screening.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of host circular RNA(circRNA)on the proliferation of porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV).Among the significantly downregulated cir-cRNAs identified during PDCoV infection from circRNA expression profiles in ST cells,circCAM-SAP2 was selected for further analysis.The gene origin and junction sequence of circCAMSAP2 were validated using the online Ensembl database and Sanger sequencing.The molecular character-istics of circCAMSAP2 were determined through nucleoplasmic separation assays and RNase R tests.Additionally,the differential expression of circCAMSAP2 during PDCoV infection was con-firmed using RT-qPCR.Overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory role of circCAMSAP2 in PDCoV replication.The results indicated that circCAM-SAP2 is a circRNA derived from exon 2 of the CAMSAP2 gene through reverse splicing.It is re-sistant to RNase R,has a length of 260 nucleotides,and is predominantly located in the cytoplasm.circCAMSAP2 expression is downregulated during PDCoV replication.Overexpression of circ-CAMSAP2 inhibited PDCoV proliferation,while knockdown promoted it in ST cells.These find-ings suggest that porcine circCAMSAP2 acts as a negative regulator of PDCoV replication and could serve as a potential target for the development of anti-PDCoV therapeutics.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of host circular RNA(circRNA)on the proliferation of porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV).Among the significantly downregulated cir-cRNAs identified during PDCoV infection from circRNA expression profiles in ST cells,circCAM-SAP2 was selected for further analysis.The gene origin and junction sequence of circCAMSAP2 were validated using the online Ensembl database and Sanger sequencing.The molecular character-istics of circCAMSAP2 were determined through nucleoplasmic separation assays and RNase R tests.Additionally,the differential expression of circCAMSAP2 during PDCoV infection was con-firmed using RT-qPCR.Overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory role of circCAMSAP2 in PDCoV replication.The results indicated that circCAM-SAP2 is a circRNA derived from exon 2 of the CAMSAP2 gene through reverse splicing.It is re-sistant to RNase R,has a length of 260 nucleotides,and is predominantly located in the cytoplasm.circCAMSAP2 expression is downregulated during PDCoV replication.Overexpression of circ-CAMSAP2 inhibited PDCoV proliferation,while knockdown promoted it in ST cells.These find-ings suggest that porcine circCAMSAP2 acts as a negative regulator of PDCoV replication and could serve as a potential target for the development of anti-PDCoV therapeutics.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of drospirone ethinylestradiol (Yasmin) in the treatment of vaginal bleeding and irregular menstruation after induced abortion.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2018, 540 patients with vaginal bleeding and irregular menstruation after induced abortion treated in Pinghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into two groups according to the random digital table method, with 270 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine treatment, while the observation group was treated with Yasmin on the basis of routine treatment.The clinical effects, vaginal bleeding time, menstrual rehydration time, menstrual status and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed.Results:The total effective rate (97.04%, 262/270), normal menstruation rate (90.74%, 245/270) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (81.48%, 220/270; 74.07%, 200/270), the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=34.074, 25.866, all P<0.05). The time of vaginal bleeding and menstrual reactivation in the observation group were (3.79±1.11)d and (24.07±4.23)d, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(5.88±1.40)d and (31.36±5.38)d] ( t=19.222, 17.503, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Yasmin is effective in treating vaginal bleeding and irregular menstruation after induced abortion.It can significantly improve the condition of vaginal bleeding, shorten the time of menstruation and has high safety.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of miR-4443 expression on migration and invasion of breast cancer. METHODS: We examined the expression of miR-4443 in breast carcinoma in situ and paired adjacent tissues from 3 breast cancer patients with high-throughput sequencing and verified the results using TCGA database. We also detected miR-4443 expressions using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in low invasive and highly invasive breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively). The changes in apoptosis, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after transfection with miR-4443 mimics, mimics-NC, miR-4443 inhibitor or inhibitor-NC were analyzed using flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. The target gene of miR-4443 was predicted by bioinformatics software and validated by a dual luciferase reporter gene system. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of recombinant human phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1) in the transfected cells. RESULTS: The expression of miR-4443 was significantly higher in the breast cancer tissues than in the adjacent tissues ( CONCLUSIONS MiR-4443 promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PEBP1, suggesting the possibility of suppressing miR-4443 expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics* ; Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein

A novel protein encoded by the open reading frame 4 (ORF4) was recently discovered in porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). However, little is known about the interaction proteins of ORF4 which hindered better understanding the biological functions of ORF4 in the life cycle of PCV2. In the present study, the ORF4 was inserted into the multiple cloning site of pCMV-N-Flag-GST, yielding recombinant plasmid pCMV-N-Flag-GST-ORF4. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into 293T cells and the intracellular interaction complex of ORF4 were enriched and separated by GST pull-down and SDS-PAGE, sequentially. The potential interacting proteins of PCV2 ORF4 were stained with silver and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Finally, five candidate ORF4-interacting proteins, including Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit, alpha cardiac muscle 1, actin, SEC14-like protein 5 and myosin 9 were identified. These results would benefit a better understanding of the biological function of ORF4 in PCV2 infected cells.
Animals ; Circoviridae Infections ; Circovirus ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Open Reading Frames ; Swine ; Viral Proteins

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging enteropathogenic swine coronavirus causing acute diarrhea and vomiting in pigs. The apoptosis of ST cells induced by PDCoV infection was studied in this research. In ST cells, caspase activity assay showed that the activity of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 increased significantly with the infection of PDCoV, but not observed in UV irradiated PDCoV-infected cells, indicating that PDCoV infection activated both endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways in ST cells, and the induction of apoptosis depended on viral replication. To further investigate the endogenous apoptosis induced by PDCoV, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factors in cytoplasm and mitochondria were detected. Compared with normal cells, the amount of cytochrome C released from mitochondria to cytoplasm increased significantly in PDCoV-infected cells, and the release increased with the prolongation of infection, while the apoptosis-inducing factor was always localized to mitochondria, suggesting that PDCoV induced apoptosis was initiated through caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by promoting cytochrome C in the mitochondrial membrane gap into the cytosol. In conclusion, this study reveals the mechanism of PDCoV inducing apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Mitochondria ; Swine ; Swine Diseases