Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） is a common digestive system disease with high prevalence and recurrence rates for years， high treatment costs， and serious impacts on patients' quality of life and economic burden. Therefore， it is important to explore new and safe treatment methods. The pathogenesis of IBS-D is complex， in which the gut-brain axis is a key factor. The gut-brain axis， a bidirectional signaling pathway connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system， regulates gastrointestinal motility， secretion， and immune responses， playing a key role in the occurrence and development of IBS-D. Up to now， antidiarrheal agents， probiotics， and neurotransmitter modulators are the main methods for the clinical treatment of IBS-D. Although they can partially curb the progression of this disease， the therapeutic effects remain to be improved. Studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has significant advantages in the treatment of IBS-D since it can regulate the gut-brain axis via multiple pathways and targets to improve the gastrointestinal motility and strengthen immune defenses. However， there is a lack of systematic reviews on the regulation of the gut-brain axis by TCM in the treatment of IBS-D. Based on the review of IBS-D-related articles published in recent years， this paper systematically summarized the relationship between the gut-brain axis and IBS-D and the role of TCM in the treatment， providing new ideas for the treatment of IBS-D.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of underscreening among cervical cancer screening participants in Wuxiang County,Shanxi Province in 2019,providing evidence-based support for optimizing mobilization strategies.Methods Data from cervical cancer screening programs conducted between 2019 and 2024 in Wuxiang County were retrospectively collected.The follow-up screening behaviors of women screened in 2019 were analyzed,and factors associated with underscreening were identified.Results A total of 3759 women underwent cervical cancer screening in 2019.Among them,492 women(13.09％)with abnormal primary screening results requiring follow-up in 12 months,yet only 43(8.74％)completed;2154 women(57.30％)with negative liquid-based cytology testing(LCT)results needed re-screening after 3 years,701(32.54％)completed;1113 women(29.61％)with negative HPV/combined results needed re-screening after 5 years,734(65.95％)completed.Overall,2299 women(60.69％)exhibited underscreening.Multivariate analysis showed that underscreening was more likely among community residents than rural residents(OR=2.309,P=0.018),older women(OR=1.065,P＜0.001),those in organized screening compared to opportunistic screening(OR=3.789,P＜0.001),those undergoing LCT(OR=4.607,P＜0.001)or combined screening instead of human papillomavirus testing(OR=3.624,P＜0.001),and those with abnormal screening results(OR=6.859,P＜0.001).Conclusion Substantial proportions of cervical cancer screening participants demonstrate poor adherence to guideline-recommended screening intervals,and particularly need to focus on older women and those with abnormal screening results.Implementation of electronic screening record systems and emphasizing knowledge of periodical screening in health education could enhance compliance with"70％screening coverage"target for cervical cancer prevention.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of underscreening among cervical cancer screening participants in Wuxiang County,Shanxi Province in 2019,providing evidence-based support for optimizing mobilization strategies.Methods Data from cervical cancer screening programs conducted between 2019 and 2024 in Wuxiang County were retrospectively collected.The follow-up screening behaviors of women screened in 2019 were analyzed,and factors associated with underscreening were identified.Results A total of 3759 women underwent cervical cancer screening in 2019.Among them,492 women(13.09％)with abnormal primary screening results requiring follow-up in 12 months,yet only 43(8.74％)completed;2154 women(57.30％)with negative liquid-based cytology testing(LCT)results needed re-screening after 3 years,701(32.54％)completed;1113 women(29.61％)with negative HPV/combined results needed re-screening after 5 years,734(65.95％)completed.Overall,2299 women(60.69％)exhibited underscreening.Multivariate analysis showed that underscreening was more likely among community residents than rural residents(OR=2.309,P=0.018),older women(OR=1.065,P＜0.001),those in organized screening compared to opportunistic screening(OR=3.789,P＜0.001),those undergoing LCT(OR=4.607,P＜0.001)or combined screening instead of human papillomavirus testing(OR=3.624,P＜0.001),and those with abnormal screening results(OR=6.859,P＜0.001).Conclusion Substantial proportions of cervical cancer screening participants demonstrate poor adherence to guideline-recommended screening intervals,and particularly need to focus on older women and those with abnormal screening results.Implementation of electronic screening record systems and emphasizing knowledge of periodical screening in health education could enhance compliance with"70％screening coverage"target for cervical cancer prevention.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 7 anti-tumor drugs(irinotecan,capecitabine,paclitaxel,docetaxel,tamoxifen,letrozole and methotrexate)in human plasma and apply it to the clinic.METHODS After precipitating with a methanol-acetonitrile mixture(1∶1,V/V)containing 0.1%formic acid,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was used to determine the plasma concentration,using deuterium isotopes of each analyte as internal standards.The chromatography was performed on the Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with a gradient elution of water(containing 0.1%formic acid+0.04%5 mmol/L ammonium formate)as mobile phase A and acetonitrile(containing 0.1%formic acid)as mobile phase B.The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min,and the column temperature was set at 40℃.The sample size was 10 μL,and the analysis lasted for 5.5 min.Electrospray ionization was used in positive and negative ion mode,and multiple reaction monitoring mode was used.The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 587.1→167.1(irinotecan),m/z 360.1→244.1(capecitabine),m/z 876.4→308.0(paclitaxel),m/z 830.3→304.2(docetaxel),m/z 372.1→129.1(tamoxifen),m/z 284.1→242.1(letrozole),and m/z 455.0→ 308.0(methotrexate).A total of 97 patients with malignant tumors in our hospital were selected to measure the plasma concentrations of 7 anti-tumor drugs using the above method.RESULTS The linear ranges of irinotecan,capecitabine,paclitaxel,docetaxel,tamoxifen,letrozole and methotrexate were 2-1 000 ng/mL(r=0.994 3),20-10 000 ng/mL(r=0.997 5),2-1 000 ng/mL(r=0.997 9),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.995 8),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.995 2),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.996 4),10-5 000(r=0.997 7),respectively.The quantitative lower limits were 2,20,2,1,1,1 and 10 ng/mL;RSDs of intra-assay precision were 0.08%-14.86%(n=6).RSDs of inter-batch precision were 1.51%-11.55%(n=3),and the accuracies were 89.17%-114.93%(n=6).The matrix effects ranged from 89.89%-119.74%(n=6).RSDs of the stability tests were 1.98%-14.88%(n=6).The results of clinical application showed,the average plasma concentrations of irinotecan,capecitabine,paclitaxel and docetaxel were 704.09,909.40,36.45,150.43 ng/mL,respectively.The values of the coefficient of variation were 25.24%,62.65%,122.69%,and 92.27%.CONCLUSIONS The established LC-MS/MS method is simple and rapid,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of 7 commonly used anti-tumor drugs in the plasma of patients with malignancy.

0bjective To explore the effectiveness of caregivers based on health education under the guidance of timing theory in the nursing of elderly patients after hip replacement.Methods By convenient sampling method,eighty elderly patients undergoing hip replacement were divided into control group and observation group,40 cases in each group.The control group was given routine orthopedic care,and the observation group was based on health management under the guidance of the timing theory(total hip replacement,TIR)based on routine orthopedic care.The Harris Hip Score,Activities of Daily Living Scale(Barthel index),Caregiver Burden Inventory and Family Caregiver Task Inventory were used to compare and evaluate the application effect of health education of two groups of caregivers in the nursing of elderly patients after hip replacement.Results The patients were observed one month and three months after discharge,the Harris score and Barthel index of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01).At discharge,1 month after discharge and 3 months after discharge,the FCTI score(P<0.01)and CBI score(P<0.01)of family caregivers in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusion Caregivers based on health education under the guidance of timing theory can effectively reduce the care burden of caregivers,enhance the care ability of caregivers,improve the rehabilitation effect of patients,and ameliorative the quality of life of patients.

Objective To understand the current status of research on lung cancer immunotherapy to provide a reference for further investigation and future topic selection in this field. Methods CiteSpace visualization analysis software was used to analyze 400 Chinese studies in CNKI and 5 001 English studies in the Web of Science database from 2005 to 2021, with "lung cancer" and "immunotherapy" as keywords. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was performed on 17 English studies of "Lung Cancer" "Immunotherapy" and "Single cell sequencing" in the Web of Science database. Results "Non-small cell lung cancer" "immunosuppressants" "PD-L1" "dendritic cells" and "cytokine-induced killer cells" are current research hotspots in lung cancer immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibody drugs including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab are hotspot drugs. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as well as PD-L1 expression have become the focus of continuous research. The majority of studies on lung cancer immunotherapy are conducted in the United States, followed by China. Conclusion Lung cancer immunotherapy has gradually become a research hot spot in China. In the future, in-depth research is needed to provide cutting-edge directions for lung cancer immunotherapy.

Objective:To explore the status quo and influencing factors of foot self-care behavior in high-risk patients with diabetic foot.Methods:Totally 100 high-risk patients with diabetic foot admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, Jiaozuo People's Hospital from January to December 2021 were selected by convenience sampling and investigated with questionnaires on general and disease data, Chinese version of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) , Self-efficacy Scale, and Medical Coping Style Scale. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed, with 100 valid questionnaires recovered, accounting for an effective recovery rate of 100.00% (100/100) .Results:The scores of the Chinese version of the NAFF in the 100 high-risk patients with diabetic foot were (71.22±8.61) , which was at a moderate level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, economic status, course of disease, self-efficacy, health education on diabetic foot, and medical coping style were the influencing factors of foot self-care behavior in these patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The foot self-care behavior of high-risk patients with diabetic foot was at a moderate level. Gender, economic status, diabetes duration, self-efficacy, health education on diabetic foot, and medical coping style were the main factors affecting the nursing behavior for these patients. Medical and nursing staff need to take targeted interventions based on relevant factors to improve their self-care ability.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical value of individualized pharmaceutical services for patients receiving vancomycin for severe infections and establish clinical monitoring procedures during vancomycin treatment. METHODS: Data were collected from patients with severe infections who received vancomycin treatment with individualized pharmacy services (test group, 144 cases) or without such services (control group, 884 cases) between January, 2017 and December, 2018. Using propensity score matching, the patients in the two groups with comparable baseline data were selected for inclusion in the study (62 in each group), and the efficacy, safety and economic indicators were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The curative effects of the treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups, with the overall response rates of 95.16% in the test group and 91.94% in the control group ( CONCLUSIONS The participation of clinical pharmacists during the treatment can improve the clinical benefits of vancomycin in patients with severe infections.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Infections/drug therapy* ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Retrospective Studies ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use*

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson’s and Shannon’s diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.
Biological Control Agents ; Camellia* ; Colon ; Endophytes ; Fruit ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Penicillium