Objective To study the characteristics and correlation of tone perception and production in Man-darin Chinese in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods Thirty-one children with ASD and 26 normal children were tested on their recognition of the four Mandarin tones.Simultaneously,the acoustic features of the four tones produced in the words"wa1"(frog,with first tone),"wa2"(doll,with second tone),"wa3"(tile,with third tone),and"wa4"(sock,with fourth tone)were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The ASD group exhibited significantly lower recognition accuracy rates for all four tones compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with highly significant differences for the second and third tones(P＜0.001).Significant differ-ences were also found in the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency(F0)for the production of all four tones between the ASD and control groups.Furthermore,the slope of the second tone and the turning point F0 and falling slope of the third tone showed significant differences(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).Correlation analysis revealed that the recognition accuracy of the second tone was positively correlated with the slope of the first and second tones and the F0 standard deviation.The recognition accuracy of the third tone was negatively correlated with the turning point F0,and that of the fourth tone was negatively correlated with the falling slope of the third tone.Conclusion Children with ASD demonstrate deficits in tone perception and production,with prominent difficulties in recognizing and producing the second and third tones,and overall instability in tone production.

Objective To study the characteristics and correlation of tone perception and production in Man-darin Chinese in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods Thirty-one children with ASD and 26 normal children were tested on their recognition of the four Mandarin tones.Simultaneously,the acoustic features of the four tones produced in the words"wa1"(frog,with first tone),"wa2"(doll,with second tone),"wa3"(tile,with third tone),and"wa4"(sock,with fourth tone)were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The ASD group exhibited significantly lower recognition accuracy rates for all four tones compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with highly significant differences for the second and third tones(P＜0.001).Significant differ-ences were also found in the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency(F0)for the production of all four tones between the ASD and control groups.Furthermore,the slope of the second tone and the turning point F0 and falling slope of the third tone showed significant differences(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).Correlation analysis revealed that the recognition accuracy of the second tone was positively correlated with the slope of the first and second tones and the F0 standard deviation.The recognition accuracy of the third tone was negatively correlated with the turning point F0,and that of the fourth tone was negatively correlated with the falling slope of the third tone.Conclusion Children with ASD demonstrate deficits in tone perception and production,with prominent difficulties in recognizing and producing the second and third tones,and overall instability in tone production.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of applying deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in low-radiation dose liver dual-energy CT to further improve image quality, diagnostic confidence of lesion, and accuracy of iodine concentration (IC) measurement.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 60 patients scheduled for enhanced liver CT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2023 to January 2024. The participants were randomly assigned into the standard dose group and low radiation dose group with 30 cases in each using randomized block method. The standard radiation dose group underwent standard-radiation dose 120 kVp scans during the venous phase, while the low radiation dose group underwent low radiation dose scans with a rapid kVp-switching spectral scanning mode at 80 kVp and 140 kVp. The effective radiation dose (ED) was calculated for both groups. The standard radiation dose group was reconstructed using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) algorithm 40% (AR40 120 kVp). The low radiation dose group using high-intensity DLIR (DLIR-H) to reconstructed 40 keV and 50 keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) (DH-VMI 40 keV, DH-VMI 50 keV). The image quality of the above three groups was objectively evaluated through the measurement of image noise and calculation of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the liver and portal vein; and the image quality was subjectively scored for image noise, contrast, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence. In the low radiation dose group, DLIR-H and ASIR-V40% reconstructed iodine maps were used to measure the liver and portal vein of IC values, standard deviations (SD), and coefficients of variation (CV). One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of subjective and objective image quality among the three groups, and paired t-test was used to compare the differences in measurement indexes between DLIR-H and ASIR-V40% reconstructed iodine maps. Results:The ED in the low radiation dose group [(2.2±0.5) mSv] was reduced by 56.8% compared to the conventional radiation dose group [(5.4±1.4) mSv]. Objective evaluations demonstrated that DH-VMI 40 keV had higher image noise, CNR, and SNR for liver and portal veins compared to AR40 120 kVp ( P<0.001). DH-VMI 50 keV had lower image noise ( P=0.200), with higher CNR and SNR for the liver and portal vein compared to AR40 120 kVp( P<0.001). In subjective evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference in image noise scores between DH-VMI 40 keV and AR40 120 kVp ( P>0.05), while the image noise score for DH-VMI 50 keV was lower than that of AR40 120 kVp ( P<0.05). Both DH-VMI 40 keV and DH-VMI 50 keV had higher scores for contrast, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence compared to those of AR40 120 kVp ( P<0.05). In the low radiation dose group, there was no statistically significant difference in IC values for the liver and portal vein between the ASIR-V40% and DLIR-H algorithm reconstructed iodine maps ( P>0.05). The SD and CV of liver and portal vein in the DLIR-H reconstructed iodine maps were lower than those in the ASIR-V40% reconstructed iodine maps ( P<0.001). Conclusions:DLIR can effectively reduce the image noise of low-energy (40, 50 keV) VMI, enhance lesion conspicuity and diagnostic confidence, and improve measurement accuracy without affecting IC values.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of applying deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in low-radiation dose liver dual-energy CT to further improve image quality, diagnostic confidence of lesion, and accuracy of iodine concentration (IC) measurement.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 60 patients scheduled for enhanced liver CT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2023 to January 2024. The participants were randomly assigned into the standard dose group and low radiation dose group with 30 cases in each using randomized block method. The standard radiation dose group underwent standard-radiation dose 120 kVp scans during the venous phase, while the low radiation dose group underwent low radiation dose scans with a rapid kVp-switching spectral scanning mode at 80 kVp and 140 kVp. The effective radiation dose (ED) was calculated for both groups. The standard radiation dose group was reconstructed using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) algorithm 40% (AR40 120 kVp). The low radiation dose group using high-intensity DLIR (DLIR-H) to reconstructed 40 keV and 50 keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) (DH-VMI 40 keV, DH-VMI 50 keV). The image quality of the above three groups was objectively evaluated through the measurement of image noise and calculation of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the liver and portal vein; and the image quality was subjectively scored for image noise, contrast, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence. In the low radiation dose group, DLIR-H and ASIR-V40% reconstructed iodine maps were used to measure the liver and portal vein of IC values, standard deviations (SD), and coefficients of variation (CV). One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of subjective and objective image quality among the three groups, and paired t-test was used to compare the differences in measurement indexes between DLIR-H and ASIR-V40% reconstructed iodine maps. Results:The ED in the low radiation dose group [(2.2±0.5) mSv] was reduced by 56.8% compared to the conventional radiation dose group [(5.4±1.4) mSv]. Objective evaluations demonstrated that DH-VMI 40 keV had higher image noise, CNR, and SNR for liver and portal veins compared to AR40 120 kVp ( P<0.001). DH-VMI 50 keV had lower image noise ( P=0.200), with higher CNR and SNR for the liver and portal vein compared to AR40 120 kVp( P<0.001). In subjective evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference in image noise scores between DH-VMI 40 keV and AR40 120 kVp ( P>0.05), while the image noise score for DH-VMI 50 keV was lower than that of AR40 120 kVp ( P<0.05). Both DH-VMI 40 keV and DH-VMI 50 keV had higher scores for contrast, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence compared to those of AR40 120 kVp ( P<0.05). In the low radiation dose group, there was no statistically significant difference in IC values for the liver and portal vein between the ASIR-V40% and DLIR-H algorithm reconstructed iodine maps ( P>0.05). The SD and CV of liver and portal vein in the DLIR-H reconstructed iodine maps were lower than those in the ASIR-V40% reconstructed iodine maps ( P<0.001). Conclusions:DLIR can effectively reduce the image noise of low-energy (40, 50 keV) VMI, enhance lesion conspicuity and diagnostic confidence, and improve measurement accuracy without affecting IC values.

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of cognitive-behavioral method on healthy behavior selection of in-patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods All patients with type 2 diabetes involved in this study were divided into the experimental group(99 patients) and the control group(96 patients). The experimental group was given health education with cognitive behavioral method, and the control group received only common health education. The comparison on the knowledge about diabetes mellitus and indicators of glucose metabolism on the first and 6th months between the two groups was performed. Results The knowledge about diabetes mellitus and indicators of glucose metabolism on the first and 6th months in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral method can increase the treatment compliance of in-patients with type 2 diabetes and improve the glucose metabolism indicators, and created favorable condition for prevention of diabetes complications.

OBJECTIVE The research aimed to investigate the incidence,clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU,and explore the corresponding prevention procedures.METHODS Active surveillance was carried out by professional fulltime staff.The patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU above 48 hours were selected for the hospital infection surveillance,and the patients after tracheal intubation within 48 hours were also included.RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial infection was 54.28%,and the nosocomial infection were found in 69(65.71%) of the 105 cases.The major complication was mechanical ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP).The risk factors were more than four times invasive operation and,tracheotomy(P