Male infertility has become a global concern, accounting for 20-70% of infertility. Dysfunctional spermatogenesis is the most common cause of male infertility; thus, treating abnormal spermatogenesis may improve male infertility and has attracted the attention of the medical community. Mitochondria are essential organelles that maintain cell homeostasis and normal physiological functions in various ways, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial OXPHOS transmits electrons through the respiratory chain, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mechanisms are vital for spermatogenesis, especially to maintain the normal function of testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells. The disruption of mitochondrial OXPHOS caused by external factors can result in inadequate cellular energy supply, oxidative stress, apoptosis, or ferroptosis, all inhibiting spermatogenesis and damaging the male reproductive system, leading to male infertility. This article summarizes the latest pathological mechanism of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorder in testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells, which disrupts spermatogenesis and results in male infertility. In addition, we also briefly outline the current treatment of spermatogenic malfunction caused by mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders. However, relevant treatments have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders in Sertoli cells and germ cells is a research direction worthy of attention. We believe this review will provide new and more accurate ideas for treating male infertility.
Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/metabolism* ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are both chronic progressive respiratory diseases that cannot be completely cured. COPD is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, chronic airway inflammation, and gradual decline in lung function, whereas PH is characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, remodeling, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These diseases have similar pathological features, such as vascular hyperplasia, arteriolar contraction, and inflammatory infiltration. Despite these well-documented observations, the exact mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of COPD and PH remain unclear. Evidence that mitochondrial dynamics imbalance is one major factor in the development of COPD and PH. Mitochondrial dynamics is precisely regulated by mitochondrial fusion proteins and fission proteins. When mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium is disrupted, it causes mitochondrial and even cell morphological dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics participates in various pathological processes for heart and lung disease. Mitochondrial dynamics may be different in the early and late stages of COPD and PH. In the early stages of the disease, mitochondrial fusion increases, inhibiting fission, and thereby compensatorily increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. With the development of the disease, mitochondria decompensation causes excessive fission. Mitochondrial dynamics is involved in the development of COPD and PH in a spatiotemporal manner. Based on this understanding, treatment strategies for mitochondrial dynamics abnormalities may be different at different stages of COPD and PH disease. This article will provide new ideas for the potential treatment of related diseases.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Dynamics/physiology* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective To observe the clinical and symptomatic improvement three months after uterine artery embolization(UAE),and to analyze the value of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)in MR diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)in assessing the response of fibroids volume after UAE.Methods A total of 40 patients with uterine fibroids were included.The volume changes of fibroids,clinical and symptomatic improvement before and after treatment were recorded,and the efficacy of UAE was comprehensively analyzed.All patients underwent MR DWI before UAE and were evaluated at three months postoperatively by outpatient MR follow-up,with fibroids vol-ume and ADC quantitative measurements were performed to compare the changes in ADC values of fibroids preoperatively and post-operatively at each b value.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between baseline ADC values and postoperative fibroids volume reduction.Regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between ADC and fibroids volume reduction after UAE.And the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve were plotted to analyze the predictive value of ADC values for evaluating fibroids volume reduction of more than 30％after UAE.Results The patients'clinical symptoms was improved in the three months after surgery,the volume of fibroids was significantly reduced,and the life quality was improved,the difference was sta-tistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant effect on ovarian function,hormone levels did not change significantly com-pared to before surgery,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).When b=50,1 000 s/mm2,the changes in ADC values before and after uterine fibroids treatment were not significant,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).However,the changes in ADC values before and after uterine fibroids treatment were significant when b=800 s/mm2 and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Under the condition of b=800 s/mm2,Pearson correlation analysis showed ADC value had a positive correlation with postoperative uterine fibroids volume reduction rate(r=0.45,P＜0.05),and the area under the curve(AUC)for ADC value to predict the reduction rate of uterine fibroids volume by more than 30％after UAE was 0.787.The cut-off value was 1.143 × 10-3 mm2/s,with sensitivity and specificity of 0.793 and 0.818,respectively.Conclusion UAE is more effective in treating uterine fibroids.The baseline ADC value of uterine fibroids correlated significantly with the volume reduction after UAE.The ADC value can be used to assess the volume response after UAE.

OBJECTIVE：To stud y the correlatio n between the contents of active ingredients and the color of Morus alba ，to establish fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis of samples from different producing areas ，so as to provide reference for its quality control and evaluation. METHODS ：HPLC and HCl-Mg reaction colorimetry were used to determine the contents of morusin and total flavonoids in M. alba . The color of M. alba was observed by naked eye ，and chromaticity values （L＊，a＊，b＊） were measured by color difference meter and color aberration （E＊ab）were calculated. Pearson correlation of the contents of morusin and total flavonoids with color indicators （L＊，a＊，b＊，E＊ab）were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprint of 20 batches of M. alba from 3 different producing areas ，and the similarity analysis was carried out. K-means cluster analysis （based on the contents of morusin and total flavonoids and corlor index ）and hierarchical cluster analysis （based on relative peak area of common peaks in fingerprint ）were performed for 20 batches of samples by SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS：The average contents of morusin and total flavonoids in M. alba were 0.096 0-0.618 6 mg/g，0.48％-1.51％，which were significantly correlated with each color index （P＜0.01）. The smaller L＊，b＊，E＊ab and the larger a＊were，the higher the content of morusin was ；the higher the value of L＊，b＊，E＊ab and the smaller the value of a＊were，the higher the content of total flavonoids was. The similarity between the fingerprints of 20 batches of samples and the control ranged from 0.883 to 0.983；13 common peaks were demarcated ，and No. 1 peak was identified as chlorogenic acid. K-means cluster analysis showed that 20 batches of samples could be divided into 2 categories. Category Ⅰ were mainly from Anhui province with higher content of morusin，lower content of total flavonoids ，darker and yellowish brown color ；category Ⅱ were mainly from Sichuan province and Guizhou province ，with lower content of morusin ，higher content of total flavonoids ，lighter and yellowish white color. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis were consistent with the results. CONCLUS IONS：The color of M. alba is closely related to the contents of morusin and total flavonoids. The content of morusin in yellow-brown M. albais is higher ，while the content of total flavonoids in yellow-white M. albais is higher.

Objective To investigate the changes of follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells) and Tfh cells associated molecules in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with malignant lymphoid diseases (MLD) dynamically, and explore their roles on pathogenesis of the diseases. Methods Fifty-five patients with MLD were enrolled in this study,including 9 patients with acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL), 30 patients with non-Hodgkin lymophoma (NHL) and 16 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and 10 healthy controls (NC) of similar age were also enrolled. The percentage of CD4+CXCR5+cells (Tfh cells) and expression of ICOS+, PD1+among the T cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), while the levels of interleukin 21 (IL-21) in plasma were detected by ELISA tests. Results The percentage of Tfh cells and expression of ICOS and/or PD-1 in PB of all untreated patients were significantly higher than those of NC (all P< 0.01), and MM group< ALL group 0.05), and apparently lower than those who achieved PR (P< 0.05). The percentages of Tfh cells in patients with T-ALL and T-NHL were higher than those in patients with B-ALL and B-NHL (P> 0.05), and much higher than NC (P< 0.01). The concentration of IL-21 in patients were much higher than that in NC [(326.56±32.44) pg/ml] (P<0.01), and MM group

Objective To discuss function of the fusion cells of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and human myeloma cell RPMI 8226 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma bone disease.Methods The cells,labeled by cell tracer green fluorescent probe (CMFDA) and red fluorescent probe (CMTMR),respectively,were induced into fusion by chemical polyethylene glycol (polyethyleneglycol,PEG-1000),and cell fusion model was set up.Whether fusion cells had nucleus fusion was determined by Karyotype analysis.The expressions of stemness-related genes,SIRP α gene and DC-STAMP gene in fusion cells were identified.Results Polyethylene glycol (PEG-1000) could mediate the integration of BMSCs and RPMI 8226 cells.The number of chromosomes in more than 80 ％ the hybrid cells was about 80.Fusion cells not only showed that BMSCs,stemness-related genes of c-myc,Klf-4 and OCT-4 genes expressed positively,but also the fusion-related genes SIRPα and DC-STAMP expressed positively.Conclusion BMSCs and RPMI 8226 cells can form fusion cells,and the cells have the potential for further integration,which is one of the important reasons for the promotion of muhiple myeloma bone destruction.

Objective To compare the difference of the self-concept and self-esteem between the common and sub-orphan children,and explore the correlation of the self-concept and self-esteem.It can provide objective basis for appropriate psychological intervention.Methods Across-sectional survey,185 sub-orphan children of a sub-orphan charity school and 167 common children were investigated,Children's Self-concept Scale(PHCSS) and Children 's Self-esteem scale (CSES) were used to measure the self-concept and self-esteem.Results (1) There was no significant difference on total score of PHCSS between two children groups ((53.30± 13.34) vs (50.83± 11.53),t=1.86,P=0.06),but the score of intelligence and the situation in schools,appearance and properties,gregarious in sub-orphan children was significantly higher than that of common children,respectively((10.64±3.45) vs (9.23±3.47);(7.05±3.19) vs (6.31±2.73);(8.30±2.43) vs (7.72±1.86),P＜0.05).(2) There was no significant difference on total score of CSES between two children groups(P＞0.05),but the score of the sports and achievement of CSES in sub-orphan children was significantly less than that of common children,respectively (P＜ 0.05).(3) There was significant correlation between self-concept and self-esteem in sub-orphan children (P＜0.05).Conclusion There are some psychological problems in sub-orphan children and need to implement appropriate psychological intervention.

Objective To explore the status and risk factors of the dyslipidemia among health examination population of Lanzhou for providing the intervention measures .Methods According to the stratified cluster random sampling method ,4 505 health exami-nation individuals were recruited for the study from 5 hospitals in the Lanzhou region through questionnaire ,biochemical analysis . Results Prevalence of dyslipidemia of the population was 45 .79% ,high TG was the main type .The level of serum TC ,TG ,HDL-C and LDL-C were (5 .27 ± 1 .08) ,(1 .74 ± 1 .38) ,(1 .41 ± 0 .43) and (2 .83 ± 0 .82)mmol/L .The prevalence was 53 .49% in male , and 34 .93% in female .The prevalence was higher among the group of 35- <45 years old for male and 55- <65 years old for fe-male .The level of HDL-C was low among young people .There was aggregation of risk factors among the participants with dyslipi-demia .Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors were age (OR=1 .701) ,overweight (OR=5 .560) , abdominal obesity(OR=2 .398) ,smoking(OR=0 .545) ,intake of greasy diet(OR=5 .313) ,sleep quality(OR=2 .005) and diastolic blood pressure(OR=3 .061) .Conclusion Lipid disorders becomes a serious problem in the health examination population ,measures such as rational diet ,weight control ,sleep improvement ,pressure control and quiting smoking must be taken .

OBJECTIVE: To identify long-term outcomes and safety of transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for treating dilated cardiomyopathy.METHODS: A total of 38 cases with dilated cardiomyopathy received treatment at the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, were selected, including 26 males and 12 females, aged 42-72 years, mean aged 56 years. Based on given standard therapy, 38 patients divided randomly into the transplantation group (n=20) and the control group (n=18). Patients in the transplantation group were received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) 300 ug/d once per day for 5 days to mobilize stem cells. At day 6, PBSC were collected with blood-cells separator and were transplanted through intracoroary way. The routine medication was performed in the control group. Blood routine test, hepatic function, renal function, glucose, triglyeride (TG), cholesterol, low density cholesterol (C-LDL), high density cholest- erol (C-HDL), uric acid (UA), creatine kinase (CK), isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured before and at months 6 and 12 after transplantation. All patients also received ultrasonic echocardiography, ECG Holter monitor and six-minute-walk test before and at 12 and 24 months after the procedure. Survival rate and incidence rate of heart incidents were compared. The study end-point was death from any cause. RESULTS: All patients received a 12-24 month follow-up with mean (18±6) months. One patient in the transplantation group received mitral valve replacement. One patient of the transplantation group and 2 of the control group died due to refractory heart failure. The blood routine test and biochemical indicators of the transplantation group had no significant differences among 6 months and 12 months after transplantation compared with control and pre-transplantation (P > 0.05). Six-minute-walking distance in the transplantation group significantly increased at 12 months after transplantation than pre-transplantation level, which was also higher than that of control patients (P < 0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased (P < 0.01). The left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDd) decreased significantly in the transplantation group (P < 0.01). In the control group, improvement in LVEF and LVDd were observed, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). After 24 months of follow-up, the above-mentioned indexes had not improved in the transplantation group without significant differences. No malignant arrhythmias and severe side effects could be observed around transplantation and during 24 months follow-up. Survival was similar between the two groups during 24 months follow. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of mobilized autologous PBSC might be a safe and effective method for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy, which may improve the ventricular systolic function in a short-term, however, the long-term effects still uncertain.

Objective To investigate the role of expression of tall-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on medullary system cell (neutrophii, platelet) and endothelial cell surface in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) recruitment in rata with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Methods C3H/He-J mice and C3H/He-N mice were divided into 4 groups by bone marrow transplantation: mosaic of medullary system cell TLR4-/- and endothelial cell TLR4 +/+ ; mosaic of medullary system cell TLR4 +/+ and endothelial cell TLR4-/-; mosaic of medullary system cell TLR4 +/+ and endothelial cell TLR4 -/-; mosaic of medullary system cell TLR4-/- and endothelial cell TLR4-/-, another control group was also established. ANP was induced in all these groups by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and caudal vein injection of lipopolysaccharide. Serum amylase, pancreatic tissue naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, MPO activity, TRL4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood granuloeyte was determined by RT-PCR, TRL4 protein expression in pancreatic tissue was measured by immunohistochemisty. Results Compared with that of control group, the levels of serum amylase in the 4 groups all significantly elevated and there was no difference among these 4 groups. Pathological scores of pancreas in the 4 groups were 5.52 ± 1.21, 5.18 ± 1.02, 2.03 ± 0. 82, 1.92 ± 0. 78, respectively; MPO activities were (1.834 ± 0. 170) U/g, (2. 596 ±0. 138) U/g, (0. 367 ±0. 018) U/g, (0. 202 ±0. 018) U/G, respectively; AS-D counts were 66.88 ± 2.17, 75.00 ± 2.43, 21.50 ± 2.38, 20.00 ± 2.19, respectively ; the expressions of TLR4mRNA of granular cell in peripheral blood were 0. 037 ± 1. 047 E-2, 1. 489 ± 8. 084 E-2, 1.470 ± 5. 210E-2, 0. 017 ± 6. 668 E-3, respectively; the 2 groups with endothelial eel1 TLR4 +/+ had strongly positive expression of TLR4 protein in vascular endothelial cell ; while the 2 groups with endothelial cell TLR4-/- had no expression; the pancreatic injuries, MPO activities, AS-D counts and TLR4 protein in the 2 groups with endothelial cell TLR4 +/+ were significantly higher than those in the 2 groups with endothelial cell TLR4-/-. Conclusions It was endothelial cell, not peripheral blood granulocyte, which played a key role in the process of neutrophil recruitment and pathological injure of ANP.