Objective:To dynamically monitor the prevalence and trend of dental fluorosis in children in Shandong Province, and to evaluate the prevention and control measures for drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis (referred to as drinking water-borne fluorosis), and to provide scientific basis for the next step.Methods:Totally 40 counties (cities, districts) were selected as project counties (cities, districts) from drinking water-borne fluorosis areas in Shandong Province in 2018, and all counties (cities, districts) were selected in 2019 and 2020, to investigate the situation of water improvement, detect water fluoride content, and investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 years.Results:From 2018 to 2020, the detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 years were 10.30% (503/4 884), 8.94% (25 895/289 539) and 8.66% (24 061/277 689), respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ 2 = 27.10, P < 0.001), and the dental fluorosis indexes were 0.21, 0.18 and 0.17, respectively. The total detection rates of dental fluorosis in children of different age groups in the 3 years were 7.26% (6 590/90 775), 7.97% (9 303/116 680), 9.29% (12 167/130 915), 9.29% (12 238/131 670) and 9.95% (10 161/102 072), the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 615.71, P < 0.001). In the 3 years, the total detection rate of dental fluorosis was 8.93% (28 101/314 737) in boys and 8.69% (22 358/257 375) in girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 10.27, P = 0.001). In 2018 and 2019, the detection rates of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 years in water fluoride qualified villages [5.74% (235/4 095) and 7.98% (20 200/253 082)] were significantly lower than those in villages with excessive water fluoride [33.97% (268/789) and 15.62% (5 695/36 457), χ 2 = 570.61, 2 283.76, P < 0.001]. Conclusions:The prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 - 12 years has been effectively controlled, and remarkable results have been achieved in prevention and treatment of drinking water-borne fluorosis in Shandong Province. However, the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in a few endemic villages is high, so it is necessary to continue to strengthen the monitoring of fluoride content in drinking water and the condition of dental fluorosis among children.

Objective To survey the utilization of basic public health service among hypertensive and diabetic patients in communities.Methods A survey on the utilization of basic public health service was conducted between October 2014 and November 2014,1 511 patients with hypertension and 1 508 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥35 years were randomly selected for the survey from 18 communities in 2 cities and 4 townships of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in China.Results The survey showed that 87.0％ (1 314/1 511) of hypertensive patients and 88.5％ (1 334/1 508) of diabetic patients visited community hcalth services within the year,and the blood pressure/blood glucose elevation were found in community health services in 68.5％ (1 035/1 511) of the hypertensive patients and 53.3％ (804/1 508) of the diabetic patients,respectively.The proportion of participants in community health education was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas [hypertension 73.2％ (556/760) vs.60.3％ (453/751),x2 =48.48,P ＜ 0.01;diabetes 77.8％ (591/760) vs.62.6％ (468/748),x2 =43.73,P ＜ 0.01].The proportion of outpatients who were followed up for more than 4 times was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas [hypertension 61.3％ (466/760) vs.48.4％ (363/751),x2 =79.31,P ＜ 0.01;diabetes 58.8％ (447/760) vs.50.5％ (378/748),x2 =17.78,P ＜0.01].The self-test rate of blood pressure and blood glucose in the urban was higher than that in rural areas [hypertension 41.8％ (314/751) vs.17.8％ (135/760),x2=104.59,P＜0.01;diabetes41.7％ (312/748) vs.11.3％ (86/760),x2=179.28,P ＜ 0.01].The proportion of patients with hypertension who did not take medication was higher in rural areas than in that in urban areas [36.7％ (279/760) vs.24.0％ (180/751),x2 =70.88,P ＜ 0.01],and the proportion of patients with diabetes who did not take medication was not statistically significant between rural and urban areas [20.8％ (156/760) vs.19.8％ (148/748),x2 =1.95,P ＞ 0.05].The control rates of hypertension and diabetes were 39.8％ (602/1 511) and 39.6％ (597/ 1 508),respectively.82.5％ (1 247/1 511) hypertensive patients and 75.6％ (1 140/1 508) diabetic patients selected community clinics for treatment and disease management,and satisfaction rate with primary health care in community clinics were 82.1％ (1 077/1 312) and 82.5％ (1 101/1 334) respectively.Conclusions High percentage of community clinic choice and visit was found,and most of the patients got the recommendation about health life style.But difference existed between the practice of self-monitoring of blood pressure and fasting blood glucose and control of blood pressure and blood glucose and plan of chronic disease prevention and control.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of total mesoesophageal excision and sanye lymph node dissection in the radical resection of esophageal carcinoma under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy,and to investigate its safety and feasibility, and to find a more reasonable and effective surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Methods One hundred and twenty-six cases of esophageal cancer who underwent the minimally invasive surgery under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for esophageal cancer in Central Hospital of Hengyang from October 2015 to September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them,Sixty-four patients accepted total mesoesophageal excision and sanye lymph node dissection under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy (observation group ), Sixty-two cases accepted with conventional esophagectomy under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy ( control group) . The operation time, blood loss, indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube, postoperative drainage volume,postoperative hospitalization time,number of lymph node dissection,lymph node metastasis degree,perioperative complications of the two groups were analyzed and compared. The number of lymph node dissection and lymph node metastasis degree in different regions were compared between the two groups. The number of recurrence and death were recorded in the two groups. Results Compared with the control group,the operation time was longer in the observation group((264. 9±32. 9) min vs. (233. 5±30. 4) min,t= -5. 56,P<0. 001),but blood loss was less((152. 7±26. 4) ml vs. (235. 5± 30. 6) ml,t = 16. 27,P<0. 001). There was no significant difference in the indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube, postoperative drainage volume or postoperative hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0. 05). The number of lymph nodes in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ((32. 7±15. 5) pieces vs. (20. 9±11. 2) pieces,t = - 4. 93,P< 0. 001),and lymph node metastasis degree in the observation group was smaller than that of the control group ( 6. 7% vs. 9. 3%, χ2 = 7. 22, P < 0. 01) . There were no significant differences in perioperative complications such as pulmonary complications, arrhythmia, anastomotic fistula, chylothorax,hemorrhage,recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,tracheal injury and perioperative death (P>0. 05). Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve,thoracic esophagus,celiac artery lymph node dissection of the number of observation group was higher than that of the control group ((4. 7 ± 3. 2) pieces vs. (1. 5 ± 1. 4) pieces, t= -7. 25;(6. 0±2. 7) pieces vs. (3. 1±1. 7) pieces,t = -7. 12;(5. 7± 2. 4) pieces vs. (3. 2± 1. 9) pieces,t= -6. 48;P<0. 001). Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve,thoracic esophagus lymph node metastasis degree in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group (8. 7%(26/ 300) vs. 18. 1%(17/ 94),χ2= 6. 53;8. 9%(34/ 382) vs. 17. 9%(35/ 195),χ2 = 10. 04;P<0. 05) . There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate of tumor recurrence at 1 and 24 months after operation in the observation group and the control group(3 cases(4. 7%) vs. 4 cases(6. 5%),χ2 = 0. 92,P > 0. 05) . There were no deaths in the two groups. Conclusion Total mesoesophageal excision and three-field lymph node dissection in radical resection of esophageal carcinoma under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy is safe and feasible,the recent effect does not increase the surgical complications, but its long-term effect need a lot of long-term follow-up. A relatively thorough cleaning of the esophageal mesentery and its lymph nodes can minimize the tumor in the subendothelial micrometastasis,and is beneficial for the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of ε-polylysine( ε-PL) on four common putrefactive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and E. coli and its effect on urine lead level. METHODS: Broth dilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) ofε-PL on the four kinds of putrefactive bacteria; the inhibitory effects of ε-PL with final mass concentration of 40. 000 mg / L on the urine sample were observed; graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used for determining the lead level in the 40. 000 mg / L( mass concentration) ε-PL solution and the urine lead level in normal healthy groups; the bacteriostatic effects of ε-PL and nitric acid were compared. RESULTS: The MIC of ε-PL on Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and E. coli was 40. 000 mg / L. There was no bacterial growth in the urine sample with40. 000 mg / L( mass concentration) ε-PL when urine was kept at room temperature for 24 hours to 15 days. The lead level was < 2. 0 μg / L in the 40. 000 mg / L( mass concentration) ε-PL solution. When the ε-PL with final mass concentration of 40. 000 mg / L and the nitric acid with a volume fraction of 1. 0% were respectively used as the antiseptics,the descending rates of the lead levels in the urine samples were similar,and after the urine sample was preserved for 15 days,the descending rates of the urine lead were both smaller than 10. 0% after be stored for 15 days. CONCLUSION: ε-PL can substitute nitric acid as a new natural preservative for preservation of samples for urine lead determination.

Non-coding RNAs ( ncRNA ), including ribosomal RNA( rRNA), transfer RNA( tRNA), MicroRNA ( miRNA), long noncoding RNA(lncRNA) and small nucleolar RNA(snoR-NA), are a class of RNA that have multiple functions and are not translated to proteins. MicroRNA and lncRNA are involved in the injury, remodeling and aging of blood vessels, and it is necessary to understand the regulatory roles of MicroRNA and lncRNA in these processes. It is reported that MicroRNA and lncRNA are not only participated in the regulation of oxidative response, inflammation, cell proliferation and migration, and phenotype transition, they are also involved in the regulation of gene expression by conducting different mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification and chromatin remodeling. These aspects of regulation by MicroRNA and lncRNA are related to cardiovascular diseases, such as ath-erosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, pul-monary hypertension and diabetes, and thus provide a new way for genetic diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of polydatin on neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 200-230 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),neuropathic pain group (group NP),polydatin 5 mg/kg group (group P1),polydatin 10 mg/kg group (group P2),and polydatin 20 mg/kg group (group P3).Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury in NP and P1-3 groups.In group S,the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated.In S and NP groups,normal saline 0.1 ml was injected intraperitoneally immediately after operation and at 1,3,5 and 7 days after operation (T1-4).In P1-3 groups,polydatin 5,10 and 20 mg/kg (in normal saline 0.1 ml) were injected intraperitoneally immediately after operation and at T1-4.At 1 day before operation (T0) and T1-4,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.After measurement of pain threshold at T4,the rats were sacrificed,and L4-6 segments of the spinal cords were removed for determination of the expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1),Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the TWL was significantly shortened at T1-4 in group NP,the MWT was significantly decreased at T1-4,and the TWL was significantly shortened at T2-4 in group P1,the MWT was significantly decreased at T1-4,and the TWL was significantly shortened at T3.4 in group P2,the MWT was significantly decreased at T1-4 in group P3,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP-1 was significantly up-regulated in NP,P1 and P2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased at Tt-4,and the TWL was significantly prolonged at T1,2 in group P2,the MWT was significantly increased,and the TWL was significantly prolonged at T1-4 in group P3,the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP-1 was significantly down-regulated in P2 and P3 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group P1 (P＞0.05).Compared with group P1,the MWT was significantly increased at T4 in group P2,and the MWT was significantly increased at T14,the TWL was significantly prolonged at T3,4,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP-1 was significantly down-regulated in group P3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group P2,the MWT was significantly increased at T3,4,and the expression of TLR4,IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP-1 was significantly down-regulated in group P3 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Polydatin can alleviate neuropathic pain through inhibiting inflammatory responses in the spinal cord of rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at high b value for unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusive disease in patients without obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging.MethodsDTI at high b value (2200 s/mm2 ) was performed using a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner in 34 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion,who had no obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA),apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),axial diffusivity (eigenvalue λ1) and radial diffusivity (eigenvalues λ2,λ3) were measured at the ipsilateral and contralateral corona radiata,anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule,cerebral peduncle and pons in all subjects.Mean ADC,FA,λ1,λ2 and λ3 values of corona radiata,anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule,cerebral peduncle and pons were compared between the ipsilateral and contralateral MCAterritory by t test. Results Among the 34 patients,left MCA occlusion in M1 segment occurred in 16 patients and right MCA occlusion in Ml segment occurred in 18 patients.At the ipsilateral corona radiata,mean FA,ADC,λ1,λ2 and λ3 were 0.419 ±0.032,(5.975 ±0.272) × 10 3,(5.704 ±0.365) ×10-3,(6.412 ±0.368) × 10-3 and (6.605 ±0.343) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.At the contralateral corona radiata,mean FA,ADC,λ1,λ2 and λ3 were 0.443 ± 0.033,(5.804 ± 0.282) × 10 -3,(5.651 ±0.350) × 10-3,(6.099 ±0.353) × 10-3 and(6.372 ±0.355) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.At the ipsilateral corona radiata,mean FA was significantly decreased(t =11.614,P ＜0.01),and mean ADC (t=12.421,P＜0.01),λ1(t =7.447,P＜0.01),λ2(t=10.244,P＜0.01) and λ3(t=9.890,P＜0.01) were significantly increased.At the ipsilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule,mean FA were 0.609 ±0.026 and 0.674 ±0.033,λ1 were(5.330 ±0.462) × 10 -3 and(5.171 ±0.456) ×10-3 mm2/s,respectively.At the contralateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule,FA were 0.622 ±0.026 and 0.694 ±0.034,λ1 were(5.064 ± 0.448) × 10 -3 and(4.924 ± 0.365) × 10 -3 mm2/s,respectively.Mean FA was significantly decreased (t =7.823,8.013,all P ＜ 0.01) and mean λ1 was significantly increased (t =7.811,8.800,all P ＜0.01) at the ipsilateral anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule.There was no significant difference in ADC,λ2 and λ3 value between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides.And all the DTI parameters,including mean ADC,FA,λ1,λ2 and λ3 values,showed no statistical difference between both sides of cerebral peduncle and pons.ConclusionDTI at high b valuc can provide useful information for visualizing ischemic white matter injury in patients without obvious infarct lesions on conventional MR imaging.

Objective To discuss the effect of staining with the mixture of methylene blue and meglucamine diatrizoate on removal and diagnosis of minute mammary lesion(diameter≤ 1. 0cm). Methods 212 cases of mammary lesion were removed and diagnosed by the method of B-ultrosound and staining with the mixture of methylene blue and meglucamine diatrizoate. Results All of cases were removed and diagnosed successfully, including 7cases of early invasive ductus cancer and 1 case of ductal carcinoma in situ. Conclusion The method of staining with the mixture of methylene blue and meglucamine diatrizoate could significantly improve the accuracy of removal of minute mammary lesion and the percentage of diagnois of early breast cancer, and have high safety.

Microarray data based tumor diagnosis is a very interesting topic in bioinformatics. One of the key problems is the discovery and analysis of informative genes of a tumor. Although there are many elaborate approaches to this problem, it is still difficult to select a reasonable set of informative genes for tumor diagnosis only with microarray data. In this paper, we classify the genes expressed through microarray data into a number of clusters via the distance sensitive rival penalized competitive learning (DSRPCL) algorithm and then detect the informative gene cluster or set with the help of support vector machine (SVM). Moreover, the critical or powerful informative genes can be found through further classifications and detections on the obtained informative gene clusters. It is well demonstrated by experiments on the colon, leukemia, and breast cancer datasets that our proposed DSRPCL-SVM approach leads to a reasonable selection of informative genes for tumor diagnosis.
Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Cluster Analysis ; Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Leukemia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Multigene Family ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To explore the role of proton MR spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI)and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy and to demonstrate the involvement of fibers by using the technique of DTT.Methods 1H-MRSI,DTI and routine imaging examinations were performed in 6 patients with ALD.The values of NAA,Cho,Cr,ADC,and FA were evaluated in different regions of lesion.The involved fibers were demonstrated by using the technique of DTT.Results The ratios of NAA/Cr(0.55±0.19)and NAA/Cho(0.22±0.11)were lower(F=7.693,7.751),and Cho/Cr(2.54±0.37)was higher(F=6.348)in the initial lesions,where higher ADC values(1.49±0.36,F=5.226)and the lowest FA values(0.21±0.08,F=5.139)were also observed(P＜0.05).The decreases of NAA/Cr(1.16±0.03)and NAA/Cho(0.45±0.17)in adjacent regions were more distinct than those of remote regions(t=1.769,1.842,P＜0.05).In the developing regions,the ADC values(0.89±0.03)were lower and the FA values(0.45±0.07)were the highest.There was negative correlation between NAA/Cho and ADC values(r=-0.71,P＜0.05),and there was positive correlation between NAA/Cho and FA values(r=0.31,P＜0.05).Discontinuations and fragments of fibres were observed in corpus callosum and pyramidal tract.Conclusions Combination of 1H-MRSI and DTI can offer a sensitive method for the early diagnosis and monitor the progress of white matter.DTT can be used to directly observe the involvement of fibers.