Hemorrhoids are common anorectal diseases with complex pathogenesis, and there is still a lack of ideal experimental animal models for research on their prevention and treatment. In this paper, Chinese and English databases are searched with the keywords "hemorrhoids" and "animal model", and 36 relevant studies are finally included. The shortcomings of existing hemorrhoid animal models in integrating the clinical disease and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese and Western medicine are systematically analyzed, and the consistency of various models with clinical practice is evaluated. The studies are divided into four categories according to modeling methods: chemical modeling, physical modeling, biological modeling, and combined modeling. The clinical consistency of modeling is evaluated in combination with the diagnostic points of hemorrhoids in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The results show that there are significant differences in the reproduction of clinical indicators by different modeling methods. According to clinical consistency, the models can be divided into three grades: high-consistency models are mainly based on combined modeling methods (such as induction by carrageenan combined with norepinephrine hydrochloride), which can more comprehensively simulate core pathological changes such as venous congestion and local inflammation; moderate-consistency models adopt single chemical or physical intervention (such as local inflammation induced by croton oil or vein ligation), which can only reproduce part of the pathological process; low-consistency models mostly adopt direct stimulation, with limited research value for pathological characteristics. Existing animal models have obvious advantages in replicating Western medical structural lesions of hemorrhoids, but they still have obvious defects in simulating the chronic disease course and stably reproducing the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, and a unified standard has not yet been formed for the traditional Chinese medicine evaluation system of models. In conclusion, it is still necessary to further explore the construction of high-quality integrated disease and syndrome animal models for hemorrhoids in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Future research should integrate the theories of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, adopt multi-factor chronic modeling strategies, and establish a standardized comprehensive evaluation system covering macroscopic signs and microscopic indicators. This paper provides a reference for constructing standardized integrated disease and syndrome animal models of hemorrhoids that conform to the pathological changes of Western medicine and take into account the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, with the aim of providing more effective experimental tools for research on the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids and their integrated prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1(sLOX-1)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)for in-stent restenosis(ISR)in pa-tients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and myocardial bridge after anterior descending stent implantation.Methods A total of 80 patients with CHD and myocardial bridge who underwent anterior descending stent implantation in a hospital from May 2018 to May 2023 were included as the disease group.They were followed up for one year after surgery and separated into ISR group(n=31)and non ISR group(n=49)based on whether ISR occurred on coronary angiography examination.Another 80 CHD patients who received treatment in a hospital were selected as the control group.The levels of serum sLOX-1 and CHI3L1 were detected by en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of ISR after anterior descending stent implantation in patients with CHD combined with myocardial bridge,and to analyze the predictive value of serum sLOX-1 and CHI3L1 for the occurrence of ISR after anterior de-scending stent implantation in patients with CHD combined with myocardial bridge.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of serum sLOX-1 and CHI3L1 in the disease group increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum sLOX-1 and CHI3L1 in the ISR group were high-er than those in the non-ISR group,and the distance of the myocardial bridge proximal to the stent was lower than that in the non-ISR group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Serum sLOX-1,CHI3L1,and the distance of the myocardial bridge proximal to the stent were the influencing factors for the occurrence of ISR after anterior descending stent implantation in patients with CHD combined with myocardi-al bridge(P<0.05).The area under the curve of the combined prediction of serum sLOX-1 and CHI3L1 for the occurrence of ISR after anterior descending stent implantation in patients with CHD complicated with my-ocardial bridge was superior to their individual predictions(Zcombination-sLOX-1=2.502,Zcombination-CHI3L1=2.028,P=0.012,0.043).Conclusion The levels of serum sLOX-1 and CHI3L1 in patients with CHD combined with myocardial bridge are significantly increased.The combined detection of the two has certain predictive value for the occurrence of ISR after anterior descending stent implantation in patients with CHD combined with myocardial bridge.

Objective:To construct a quality indicator system for pain nursing process in adult inpatients and to provide a scientific, objective and practical basis for the evaluation and management of pain nursing quality in clinical nursing.Methods:Based on the guidance framework of nursing procedures, a quality index system for pain nursing process in adult inpatients was preliminarily developed. Two rounds of expert questionnaires were conducted using the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchy process was used to analyze the weight of the indicators, and the semantic analysis of the indicator system was carried out with the nurses, and finally the quality indicator system for the pain nursing process in adult inpatients was constructed.Results:Both Delphi rounds attained 100% response rates, and the expert authority coefficients were 0.96 and 0.98 respectively, the familiarity coefficients were 0.95 and 0.98 respectively, both judgment basis coefficients were 0.98, and the Kendall′s coefficient of concordance were 0.187 and 0.451 respectively. The mean values of each indicator in semantic analysis ranged from 4.30 to 5.00, and the standard deviation was 0-1.06. The final constructed quality indicator system for the pain nursing process in adult inpatients included 5 primary-level indicators (pain assessment, pain nursing diagnosis, pain nursing plan, pain nursing measures, and pain nursing evaluation) and 28 secondary-level indicators.Conclusions:The quality indicator system for the pain nursing process is successfully constructed in adult inpatients, the method is scientific and reasonable, and the content is practical and reliable. It has guiding significance for evaluating the quality of pain nursing process for inpatients.

Objective:To construct a quality indicator system for pain nursing process in adult inpatients and to provide a scientific, objective and practical basis for the evaluation and management of pain nursing quality in clinical nursing.Methods:Based on the guidance framework of nursing procedures, a quality index system for pain nursing process in adult inpatients was preliminarily developed. Two rounds of expert questionnaires were conducted using the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchy process was used to analyze the weight of the indicators, and the semantic analysis of the indicator system was carried out with the nurses, and finally the quality indicator system for the pain nursing process in adult inpatients was constructed.Results:Both Delphi rounds attained 100% response rates, and the expert authority coefficients were 0.96 and 0.98 respectively, the familiarity coefficients were 0.95 and 0.98 respectively, both judgment basis coefficients were 0.98, and the Kendall′s coefficient of concordance were 0.187 and 0.451 respectively. The mean values of each indicator in semantic analysis ranged from 4.30 to 5.00, and the standard deviation was 0-1.06. The final constructed quality indicator system for the pain nursing process in adult inpatients included 5 primary-level indicators (pain assessment, pain nursing diagnosis, pain nursing plan, pain nursing measures, and pain nursing evaluation) and 28 secondary-level indicators.Conclusions:The quality indicator system for the pain nursing process is successfully constructed in adult inpatients, the method is scientific and reasonable, and the content is practical and reliable. It has guiding significance for evaluating the quality of pain nursing process for inpatients.

Objective:To analyze the optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging characteristics in patients with Coats disease and their value in predicting macular fibrosis.Methods:A nested case-control study was performed.A total of 43 patients (43 eyes) diagnosed with Coats disease through color fundus photography, ocular B-scan ultrasonography, fundus fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain OCT examination were enrolled from January 2008 to October 2021 at the Xijing Hospital.Among them, there were 40 males and 3 females, aged from 2 to 60 years old, with a median age of 13 years.Macular fibrosis was used as an indicator of poor prognosis, and patients were divided into two groups based on whether macular fibrosis occurred at the end of follow-up.The differences in OCT characteristics between two groups were compared and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for macular fibrosis.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University (No.KY20202009-C-1).Results:The OCT clinical features of 43 cases of Coats disease included intraretinal hard exudates in 43 eyes (100%), subretinal fluid in 21 eyes (48.8%), macular cysts in 17 eyes (27.9%), subretinal exudates in 9 eyes (20.9%), anterior retinal hyperreflective dots in 7 eyes (16.3%), epiretinal membrane in 21 eyes (48.8%), and intraretinal fluid in 22 eyes (51.2%).In color fundus photos of 41 eyes, 38 eyes (93.0%) had hard exudates distributed in the posterior pole and 27 eyes (65.9%) had the mid-peripheral region.OCT examination showed that hard exudates were distributed in the inner nuclear layer in 35 eyes (81.4%) and the outer nuclear layer in 33 eyes (76.7%).Among 21 eyes with exudative retinal detachment detected by OCT, 9 eyes (42.9%) were detected by fundus photography and 18 eyes (85.7%) were detected by B-scan ultrasonography.The proportions of eyes with subretinal fluid and subretinal exudates were higher in the macular fibrosis group than in the non-macular fibrosis group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=20.755, P<0.001; χ2=6.133, P=0.013).Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of subretinal fluid was a risk factor for macular fibrosis (odds ratio=48.345, 95% confidence interval: 4.272-547.066, P=0.002). Conclusions:OCT examination can detect subretinal fluid, subretinal exudates, macular cysts, macular exudates, and hyperreflective spots in the retina of patients with Coats disease.Subretinal fluid is a risk factor for macular fibrosis.

Objective:To understand the incidence of diabetes and influencing factors, the trend of FPG change and risk for mortality in HIV-infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (Dehong).Methods:The HIV/AIDS treatment database was collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in HIV-infected individuals with access to ART in Dehong during 2004-2020.The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the incidence density of diabetes, the influencing factors and risk for mortality in HIV-infected individuals with access to ART, mixed linear effects model was used to analyze the trend of FPG change and predict FPG in those with different glucose metabolic status at baseline survey. Statistical analysis was performed using software SAS 9.4.Results:A total of 8 763 HIV-infected individuals were included, in whom 8 432 (96.2%) had no diabetes, 331 had diabetes. The incidence density of diabetes was 2.31/1 000 person years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that 30- 59 years old, BMI ≥24.0 kg/m 2, Efavirenz (EFV) based initial treatment regimen and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline survey were significantly and positively associated with incidence of diabetes. Mixed effect model revealed that FPG was positively correlated with the duration of ART, age and baseline FPG. Suffering from diabetes was a risk factor for mortality in HIV-infected individuals both at baseline survey and during follow-up. Conclusions:The risk for diabetes increased in HIV-infected individuals who were 30-59 years old, baseline BMI ≥24.0 kg/m 2, received EFV based initial treatment, and IFG in HIV-infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy in Dehong, 2004-2020. It is important to pay close attention to their blood glucose, and patients with high blood glucose should receive treatment as early as possible.

Background and purpose:In 2016 the National Cancer Institute(NCI)decided stopping to use NCI-60 cell lines for drug screening,suggesting that tumor cell lines were losing their value as a tool for drug discovery and basic research.The reason for NCI-60 cells'retirement'was that the preclinical studies based on traditional cellular and animal models did not obtain the corresponding expected efficacy in clinical trials.Since the major cancer behaviors,such as proliferation and metastasis,are fundamentally altered with long-term culture,the tumor cell lines are not representative of the characteristics of cancer in patients.Currently,scientists hope to create a new cancer model that are derived from fresh patient samples and tagged with details about their clinical past.Our purpose was to create patient-derived breast cancer primary cell lines as new cancer model for drug screening and basic research.Methods:Breast cancer tissues were collected in the Department of Breast Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University.The collection of tumor tissue samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(approval number:2022 ethics No.313),and the collection and use of tumor tissues complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.The primary breast cancer cell lines were isolated from the patient's breast cancer tissues and cultured in BCMI medium.After the cells proliferated,the media were replaced with DEME medium.Cell line STR genotyping was done to determine cell-specific genetic markers and identification.Clone formation assay and transplantation assay were done to analyze the ability of breast cancer primary cell lines to form tumors.Results:We created 6 primary breast cancer cell lines.The 6 primary breast cancer cell lines from the patients were tagged with the definitively clinicopathological features,clinical diagnosis,therapeutic regimens,clinical effectiveness and prognostic outcomes.The STR genotyping assays identified the genetic markers and determined the identities of the 6 primary breast cancer cell lines.Clone formation assays and transplantation assay showed that the proliferative capacities of the patient-derived primary breast cancer cell lines were significantly greater compared with the conventional breast cancer cell lines.Conclusion:We created a panel of 6 patient-derived primary breast cancer cell lines as new cancer model for drug screening and basic research in breast cancer.

AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-concentrations atropine eye drops in controlling adolescent myopia.METHODS:A computer search was conducted on Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from January 2010 to March 2024 on clinical studies on low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling adolescent myopia. Two researchers independently screened trials, extracted data, evaluated risk of bias and quality, and used Review Manager5.4 software to perform Meta-analysis.RESULTS:A total of 17 articles, involving 3 764 cases and 3 952 eyes, were included. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, low concentrations of atropine could effectively slow down the growth of axial length [MD=-0.15, 95% CI(-0.20, -0.10), P<0.00001], significantly controlled the changes in spherical equivalent [MD=0.39, 95% CI(0.29, 0.48), P<0.00001], and had a significant effect on pupil diameter [MD=0.80, 95% CI(0.33,1.28), P=0.0010] and amplitude of accommodation [MD=-2.54, 95%CI(-4.49, -0.60), P=0.01].CONCLUSION:Low-concentrations atropine are effective in controlling spherical equivalent and axial length of myopia in adolescents, significantly affecting pupil diameter and amplitude of accommodation, and effectively delaying the progression of myopia.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is mitral regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), whose left atrium (LA) is enlarged, the left ventricle is not enlarged or only slightly enlarged, the left ventricular ejection fraction is preserved, and the mitral valve itself has no apparent lesion. At present, the etiology, pathophysiology and mechanism of this disease have not been completely clear yet. Existing studies have found that the causes of AFMR mainly include AF, enlargement of LA and mitral annulus, destruction of mitral annular shape, inability of mitral valve remodeling to compensate for mitral annular expansion, and hamstringing of the posterior mitral leaflet by atriogenic tethering. AFMR is demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of mortality and readmission due to heart failure. Therefore, it serves as a primary therapeutic target for patients with heart failure and AF. However, the optimal treatment of AFMR still remains controversial. Therefore, this article will mainly expound the current definition, etiology, pathophysiological mechanism, treatment, and prognosis of AFMR.

Objective: To understand the status and related knowledge requirements of health emergency literacy among college students in Shaanxi Province, so as to provide the basis for improving college students health emergency literacy. Methods: A total of 2 723 students from 18 colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province were selected by multi stage random sampling and simple random sampling methods in November 2023, and the survey of health literacy in emergency and knowledge requirements of health emergency literacy was conducted. Statistical analysis was carried out by using χ 2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Logistic regression analysis. Results: About 28.98% of the surveyed college students had a high level of health emergency literacy, which varied by students whether being only one child, whether having left behind experience, with different personality types, whether being student cadres, and with different frequencies of community or social activities ( χ 2=9.15, 7.90, 32.73, 16.29 , 120.25, P <0.05). The equivalence scores of the four dimensions of health emergency literacy from high to low were poisoning and nuclear and radiation (0.84), medical rescue (0.83), infectious disease (0.82), and basic knowledge and behavior ( 0.77 ). Logistic regression analysis found that college students with left-behind experience were negatively correlated with health emergency literacy and its four dimensions ( OR =0.74, 0.72, 0.80, 0.80, 0.83), while personality type (rational type), community or social activity frequency were positively correlated with the cognitive levels of health emergency literacy and its four dimensions among college students ( OR =1.57, 1.50, 1.33, 1.27, 1.38)( P <0.05). There was a higher level of basic knowledge and behavioral cognition among only child college students ( OR =3.73), and female students had a higher level of health emergency literacy, as well as awareness of infectious disease outbreaks and medical rescue ( OR =1.21, 1.28, 1.21)( P <0.05). The radar map showed that the level of health emergency literacy was positive development radar map. About 67.68 % of the students had a high willingness to acquire health emergency literacy knowledge, and the demand for basic health emergency knowledge and behavioral knowledge was the highest (52.37%). Conclusions College students have insufficient health emergency literacy, but they have the highest demand for health emergency. Publicity and education should be strengthened for students with left behind experience, irrational type, and low frequency of community or social activities.