Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） stands as one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes，noted for its concealed onset and tendency to evolve into end-stage renal disease，profoundly impacting patients' life expectancy and quality of life. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition （EMT） is a central pathological process in the initiation and progression of DKD，facilitating disease advancement and renal fibrosis，thus representing a crucial focus of research into the pathological mechanisms of DKD. EMT is driven by the abnormal activation of signaling pathways，including transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad，secreted glycoprotein/β-catenin，Notch，tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB），and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR），leading to renal cellular injury and subsequently accelerating renal fibrosis and the progression of DKD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM），characterized by its multi-target and multi-pathway therapeutic approach，demonstrates unique advantages in addressing DKD and EMT. Recent research has shown that active ingredients in TCM，including glycosides，flavonoids，and polyphenols，as well as TCM formulas，can precisely target these relevant signaling pathways，effectively inhibiting cellular injury in DKD and intervening in the EMT process. These findings not only underscore the potential of TCM monomers and formulas in treating DKD and EMT but also pave new directions for research in this field within TCM. This paper systematically reviewed the signaling pathways associated with EMT and provided an in-depth analysis of the research achievements and underlying mechanisms of TCM monomers and formulas in treating DKD and intervening in EMT，aiming to offer new insights and directions for TCM in the treatment of DKD and research on EMT，thereby further promoting the modernization and development of TCM.

Compared with total knee arthroplasty, unicondylar knee replacement has the advantage of preserving the knee tissue structure and motor function to the greatest extent. Pre-clinical in-vitro test is an important tool to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of unicondylar knee prostheses, and it is also a key focus of the product registration process. Through collection, comparison, and analysis of current regulations, technical standards, guidelines, and related research literature, this paper expounds on the relevant research methods for the pre-clinical in-vitrotesting of unicondylar knee prostheses. At the same time, in conjunction with current evaluation requirements and experience, the study discusses the focus of pre-clinical performance research for unicondylar knee prostheses during the registration process to clarify the performance evaluation requirements of this product category. This aims to provide a reference for the pre-clinical performance research of unicondylar knee prostheses and to standardize industry testing standards.
Knee Prosthesis ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Materials Testing

Intervention in chronically activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a novel approach to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The low permeability of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and non-selective distribution in the brain severely restrict AD drugs' disease-modifying efficacy. Here, an immunosuppressant TREM2-lowing antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and resveratrol co-loaded cationic liposome is developed as an immune reprogramming nanomodulator modified by acid-cleavable BBB-targeting peptide and microglia-targeting peptide (Res@TcMNP/ASO) for AD management. Res@TcMNP/ASO can enter brain endothelial cells via D-T7 peptides. Then D-T7 undergoes an acid-responsive cleavage, facilitating the escape of Res@MNP/ASO from endo/lysosomes to cross the BBB. The detached Res@MNP/ASO specifically targets M1-phenotype microglia via exposed MG1 peptides to prompt the simultaneous delivery of two drugs into activated microglia. This nanomodulator can not only restore the immune function of microglia through TREM2-lowing ASO but also mitigate the immune stimulation to microglia caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through resveratrol, thereby synergistically inhibiting the chronic activation of microglia to alleviate neuroinflammation in AD. Our results indicate that this combination treatment can achieve significant behavioral and cognitive improvements in late APP/PS1 mice.

Purpose To investigate the expression of bone sialoprotein(BSP)in the tissues and cells of endome-trial cancer(EC)and its effects on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells.Methods The expression of BSP was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 235 EC tissues and 88 normal endometrial tissues,and its correlation with clinico-pathological features was analyzed.Western blot was used to compare BSP levels between human endometrial carcinoma cell line(HHUA)and normal human endumetial epithelial cells(HEEC).BSP was knocked down in HHUA cells via transient transfection,and the cells were divided into blank control group and BSP-knockdown group.The effects of BSP knockdown on cell cycle,proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis were evaluated using PI staining,CCK-8,scratch,Transwell,and Annexin V-FITC assays,respectively.Protein levels of TGF-β signaling pathway compo-nents were analyzed by Western blot.Results BSP expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in normal endometrium(P＜0.001)and correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced FIGO stage(P＜0.05).BSP pro-tein level was also significantly elevated in HHUA cells(2.455 8±0.008 9)compared to HEECs(1.571 2±0.005 4)(P＜0.01).After knockdown,compared with the control group,the proliferation index(74.4±3.33),migration rate(0.48±0.03),and invasion ability(0.36±0.11)of the cells were increased,and the apoptosis rate(25.97％)of the cells was increased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expression levels of TGF-β signaling pathway downstream proteins TGF-β1(0.290 4±0.002 3)、TGF-β2(0.292 9±0.001 6)、Smad2(0.469 3±0.001 1)、Smad3(0.247 0±0.001 7)、pAKT(0.382 1±0.001 9)、ATK(0.119 6±0.001 6)and MEK1(0.258 9±0.000 3)in the BSP-knockdown group of EC cells decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion BSP is highly expressed in endometrial cancer and promotes cancer cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of risk perception for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among community residents in Jining and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using a multistage cluster random sampling method, community residents from eight communities in Jining were selected between September 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, objective ASCVD risk assessment, the Chinese version of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire-Chinese Version (ABCD-C), the 2018 National Health Literacy Monitoring Survey, and a Self-reported Health Status Questionnaire.Results:Among 955 residents, 325 accurately estimated their ASCVD risk, 173 underestimated it, and 457 overestimated it. Education level and health literacy were influencing factors for overestimating ASCVD risk ( P<0.05), while education level, health literacy, family history of ASCVD, and self-reported health status were influencing factors for underestimating ASCVD risk ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:A significant proportion of Jining community residents underestimated their ASCVD risk. Nurses conducting ASCVD primary prevention education should provide tailored health education based on the local characteristics and cultural background of Jining. Special attention should be given to residents with lower education levels and health literacy, as well as those without a family history of ASCVD or with self-perceived good health, to prevent underestimation of their ASCVD risk.

Purpose To investigate the expression of bone sialoprotein(BSP)in the tissues and cells of endome-trial cancer(EC)and its effects on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells.Methods The expression of BSP was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 235 EC tissues and 88 normal endometrial tissues,and its correlation with clinico-pathological features was analyzed.Western blot was used to compare BSP levels between human endometrial carcinoma cell line(HHUA)and normal human endumetial epithelial cells(HEEC).BSP was knocked down in HHUA cells via transient transfection,and the cells were divided into blank control group and BSP-knockdown group.The effects of BSP knockdown on cell cycle,proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis were evaluated using PI staining,CCK-8,scratch,Transwell,and Annexin V-FITC assays,respectively.Protein levels of TGF-β signaling pathway compo-nents were analyzed by Western blot.Results BSP expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in normal endometrium(P＜0.001)and correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced FIGO stage(P＜0.05).BSP pro-tein level was also significantly elevated in HHUA cells(2.455 8±0.008 9)compared to HEECs(1.571 2±0.005 4)(P＜0.01).After knockdown,compared with the control group,the proliferation index(74.4±3.33),migration rate(0.48±0.03),and invasion ability(0.36±0.11)of the cells were increased,and the apoptosis rate(25.97％)of the cells was increased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expression levels of TGF-β signaling pathway downstream proteins TGF-β1(0.290 4±0.002 3)、TGF-β2(0.292 9±0.001 6)、Smad2(0.469 3±0.001 1)、Smad3(0.247 0±0.001 7)、pAKT(0.382 1±0.001 9)、ATK(0.119 6±0.001 6)and MEK1(0.258 9±0.000 3)in the BSP-knockdown group of EC cells decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion BSP is highly expressed in endometrial cancer and promotes cancer cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of risk perception for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among community residents in Jining and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using a multistage cluster random sampling method, community residents from eight communities in Jining were selected between September 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, objective ASCVD risk assessment, the Chinese version of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire-Chinese Version (ABCD-C), the 2018 National Health Literacy Monitoring Survey, and a Self-reported Health Status Questionnaire.Results:Among 955 residents, 325 accurately estimated their ASCVD risk, 173 underestimated it, and 457 overestimated it. Education level and health literacy were influencing factors for overestimating ASCVD risk ( P<0.05), while education level, health literacy, family history of ASCVD, and self-reported health status were influencing factors for underestimating ASCVD risk ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:A significant proportion of Jining community residents underestimated their ASCVD risk. Nurses conducting ASCVD primary prevention education should provide tailored health education based on the local characteristics and cultural background of Jining. Special attention should be given to residents with lower education levels and health literacy, as well as those without a family history of ASCVD or with self-perceived good health, to prevent underestimation of their ASCVD risk.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanical properties related to the typical functional failure modes of non-absorbable suture anchor in clinical use, and to support product design, development and verification. METHODS: By retrieving the database of relevant adverse events, the typical functional failure modes of non-absorbable suture anchor were summarized, and the influencing factors of functional failure were further analyzed by studying the mechanical properties related to functional failure. The publicly available test data was retrieved for verification and provided reference for the researchers. RESULTS: The typical functional failure modes of non-absorbable suture anchor include anchor failure, suture failure, fix loosening, inserter failure, which are related to the mechanical properties of products, such as screw-in torque and break torque of screw-in anchors, insertion force of knock-in anchors, suture strength, pull-out force before and after system fatigue test and elongation of sutures after fatigue test. CONCLUSIONS Enterprises should pay attention to improving the mechanical performance level of products through material, structural design and the suture weaving process to ensure the safety and effectiveness of products.
Suture Anchors ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Absorbable Implants ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Materials Testing

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the product registration declaration ideas and registration technical review of the all-inside meniscal suture system, and to systematically think about of the technical review concerns of the all-inside meniscal suture system products to provide technical guidance for improving the quality of registration and application and regulatory efficiency. METHODS: Consult the public information of such products at home and abroad, and summarize the experience of registration review of such products. RESULTS: The technical review of the all-inside meniscus suture system registration mainly focuses on product basic information, pre-clinical research, clinical evaluation and product technical requirements. CONCLUSIONS The difficulty of product registration and declaration of the all-inside meniscus suture system lies in the provision of pre-clinical research data of the product, and the applicant needs to strengthen the basic research ability, formulate scientific technical indicators and test methods to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the product, and also provide sufficient supporting data for the registration declaration.
Humans ; Menisci, Tibial/surgery* ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries/surgery* ; Sutures ; Arthroscopy/methods*