OBJECTIVE To develop a long-acting light-protective nanogel with both physical barrier and chemical clearance functions， and evaluate its performance. METHODS The photoprotective nanogel composed of mussel mucin and sodium hyaluronate was constructed based on a fullerenol-cerium oxide composite nano system， namely fullerenol-cerium oxide nanogel （FCN）， and was characterized. The antioxidant capacity of FCN was evaluated using in vitro free radical scavenging experiments； its UV shielding ability was assessed by using an SPF value detector； its biosafety was assessed according to the requirements of the Guidelines for Drug Safety Evaluation； skin adhesion was assessed using small animal 3D live imaging technology； its sun protection ability was assessed through skin sunscreen detection and histopathological observation. RESULTS The average particle sizes of cerium oxide and fullerenol nanoparticles in FCN were about 20 and 10 nm， respectively， and FCN exhibited good UV absorption and free radical scavenging abilities. SPF value of FCN was 58.95±0.82， and the ultraviolet A protection level value was 6.21±0.15. No pathogenic colonies such as Staphylococcus aureus， were detected in the nanogel， and the contents of lead， arsenic， mercury and cadmium all met the standards for pharmaceutical excipients； FCN group did not show any irritating reactions such as erythema， edema， or desquamation； blood biochemical indicators of the FCN group were within the normal reference range. The material clearance rate of mice in the artificial sweat flushing group was less than 30%， while the material clearance rate of mice in the dry cleaning group reached about 92%. The mice in the protective group did not show obvious erythema or ulcer formation throughout the experiment. Histopathology showed that the fibers were arranged in an orderly manner， and the number of collagen fibers was close to that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The FCN formulation constructed in this study meets the relevant requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia， has good safety and skin compatibility， and achieves dual synergistic protection of UV shielding and free radical scavenging.

Early identification of adolescent depression requires objective biomarkers. This study investigated the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) activation patterns and mismatch negativity (MMN) characteristics in adolescents with first-episode mild-to-moderate depression. We enrolled 33 patients and 33 matched healthy controls, measuring oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in the frontal cortex during verbal fluency tasks via fNIRS, and recording MMN latency/amplitude at Fz/Cz electrodes using event-related potentials (ERP). Compared with healthy controls, the depression group showed significantly prolonged MMN latency [Fz: (227.88 ± 31.08) ms vs. (208.70 ± 25.35) ms, P < 0.01; Cz: (223.73 ± 29.03) ms vs. (204.18 ± 22.43) ms, P < 0.01], and obviously reduced Fz amplitude [(2.42 ± 2.18) μV vs. (5.65 ± 5.59) μV, P = 0.03]. A significant positive correlation was observed between MMN latencies at Fz and Cz electrodes ( P < 0.01). Oxy-Hb in left frontopolar prefrontal channels (CH15/17) was significantly decreased in patient group ( P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that adolescents with depression exhibit hypofunction in the left prefrontal cortex and impaired automatic sensory processing. The combined application of fNIRS and ERP techniques may provide an objective basis for early clinical identification.
Humans ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Adolescent ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology* ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Female ; Male ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Electroencephalography

OBJECTIVES: Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) treatment. METHODS: Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments, and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group. In the RCA group, 0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber. The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis, which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant. The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline. RESULTS: A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled, including RCA group (80 patients, 110 sessions) and saline flushing group (79 patients, 98 sessions). The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group (3.64% vs. 20.41%, P<0.001). The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group ((238.34±9.33) min vs. (221.73±34.10) min, P<0.001). The urea clearance index (Kt/V) in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference (1.12±0.34 vs. 1.08±0.34, P=0.41). CONCLUSIONS Compared with saline flushing, the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.
Humans ; Citric Acid/adverse effects* ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium Citrate ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced* ; Citrates/adverse effects* ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects* ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects*

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of conducting training of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） early screening skill on improving the ability to early identify ASD of medical staffs in primary care hospitals. MethodsIn September 2021， the training of ASD early screening skills was carried out for medical staffs from 20 primary care hospitals in Chengdu. After training， the training effect was evaluated. The numbers of referrals from primary care hospitals to superior hospitals， confirmed ASD as well as their average diagnostic age of children with ASD before and after training were used as evaluation indicators. ResultsAfter training， the number of children with suspected ASD referred by primary care hospitals was more than that before training ［（16.65±11.60） vs. （3.40±2.23）， t=5.431， P<0.01］， the number of children diagnosed with ASD was more than that before training［（6.85±4.93） vs. （2.45±1.67）， t=4.171， P<0.01］， and the differences were statistically significant. As for the diagnosed age of ASD children， after training， the average age was lower than that before training ［（34.95±11.67） vs. （42.2±14.64）， t=-2.553， P=0.019］. ConclusionTraining of ASD early screening skills for medical staffs in primary care hospitals may help to improve their ability to early screening ASD children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the preventive effect and mechanism of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and naringin on postoperative intestinal adhesion in rats. MethodThe preventive effect of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and naringin on intestinal adhesion was studied by cecal scraping model of rats， the model rats were randomly divided into model group， dexamethasone sodium phosphate group and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus low， medium and high dose groups （1.58， 3.15， 6.30 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， tsham-operated group was treated with an incision in the abdomen. Adhesion was assessed by Nair method after 7 d of administration. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology and inflammatory cell infiltration of cecum， the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in cecal adhesion was detected by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile， intestinal adhesion model rats were randomly divided into model group， dexamethasone sodium phosphate group， naringin low， medium， high dose groups （50， 100， 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and the sham-operated group was treated with an incision in the abdomen. Adhesion was assessed after 7 d of administration， HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology and inflammatory cell infiltration in the cecum， and the expression of MMP-9 in the cecal adhesion tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Expressions of transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in cecum were analyzed by western blot. ResultAurantii Fructus Immaturus could inhibit the formation of postoperative intestinal adhesions in rats， reduce the inflammatory response of damaged cecum tissue， and up-regulate the expression of MMP-9 in the adherent tissue in a dose-dependent manner. All dose groups of naringin could significantly inhibit the formation of postoperative intestinal adhesions in rats， reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous proliferation in tissue， up-regulate the expression of MMP-9 in the adherent tissue in a dose-dependent manner， and inhibit the expression of TGF-β₁ and α-SMA in cecal tissue. ConclusionAurantii Fructus Immaturus and naringin can reduce postoperative intestinal adhesion formation in rat model， and their effects may be related to reducing tissue fibrosis and accelerating extracellular matrix degradation.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric carcinoma (AFPGC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on 2 671 GC patients admitted from Jan 1998 to Dec 2018 , AFPGC patients and matching AFP negative GC cases were enrolled and their clinicopathological features and prognostic factors were analyzed. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the significance, Univariate analysis was performed by using COX proportional hazard model.Results:There were 98 AFPGC in this study accounting for 4.5% of all GC of the corresponding time period. The proportion of male to female was 2.16∶1, the average age was (65±12) years. The serum AFP levels significantly decreased after operation in most patients (median: 52 ng/ml vs. 5 ng/ml, Ｚ=-2.736, P=0.001). Serum AFP and CEA levels in patients with AFPGC before treatment were significantly higher than that in patients with AFP negative GC (both P<0.05) . Vascular invasion(62.71% vs. 40.68%) and liver metastasis (31.63% vs .6.12%) were more likely to occur in AFPGC groups (both P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in tumor size, location, differentiation and lymph node metastasis (all P>0.05). The prognosis of AFPGC was significant pooer than that in AFP negative GC ( P<0.05). Prognosis of AFPGC patients was significantly correlated with preoperative serum AFP level, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, simultaneous liver metastasis and vascular invasion (all P<0.05) . COX multivariate survival analysis found that preoperative serum AFP level was independent risk factors of patients with AFPGC ( P<0.05). Conclusion:AFPGC is a special GC charactering poor prognosis .

Objective:To study the relation ship between the branch patterns of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and imaging pelvic measurement parameters for anastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection (AR) of rectal cancer.Methods:Five hundred thirty-four patient were enrolled from Jan 2008 to Dec 2018 at the General Surgery Department of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital. The AL related imaging risk factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results:AL was found in 36 (6.7%) patients. AL related mortality rate was 11.1% (4/36) compared to 0.4% (2/498) in those without the complications of no AL cases ( P<0.001). Seven pelvic imaging measurement results were attained in 412 patients including anteroposterior diameter of the inlet of the pelvis, anteroposterior diameter of the outlet of the pelvis, upper edge of the symphysis pubis to the tip of the coccyx, sacrococcygeal distance angle from the lower edge of the pubis to the upper edge of the pubis to the sacral promontory, distance between the ischial spines and that of ischial tuberosity. Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the above 7 pelvic measurement parameters and the occurrence of AL (all P>0.05). There was no significant relationship between branch patterns of IMA and AL after rectal cancer surgery ( P=0.712). Conclusion:AL as a severe postoperative complication in rectal cancer patients undergoing AR procedure were caused by multiple factors. Neither IMA branch patters nor pelvic imaging measurement seem to be related to the occurrence of AL after AR for rectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of acute encephalopathy (AE) after status epilepticus (SE) of patients with Dravet syndrome (DS). Method: The clinical data of DS patients who had AE (coma ≥24 h) after SE were retrospectively collected from February 2005 to August 2016 in Peking University First Hospital and SCN1A gene tests were performed.The clinical and neuroimaging features were summarized. Result: Twenty-two patients (9 males and 13 females) with AE were collected among 412 DS patients during follow-up.Of which 18 patients had SCN1A gene mutations while the remaining 4 patients had no SCN1A gene mutations.The onset age of AE was between 6 months and 10 years.The duration of SE varied between 40 minutes and 9 hours.Prior to the onset of SE, twenty-one patients had high fever, and one patient had normal temperature.Coma lasted from 2 days to 20 days.Nine patients died after the AE, and 13 patients survived with massive neurological regression.From AE to the last visit, the median time of follow-up was 2 years and 3 months (from 7 months to 4 years and 4 months). Nine of 13 survivors had varied improvement in motor, language and cognition, while the remaining 4 patients had no significant improvement.After AE, there were 6 patients with seizure-free, 4 patients with reduced seizures, and 3 patients with no change in seizure frequency, moreover, spasm occurred in 2 patients.Six patients had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute phase and showed bilateral (2 patients) or unilateral (4 patients) hemisphere edema, accompanied by subcortical white matter hyperintense signal in T1 and T2 weighted images in two patients.The neuroimaging of 13 survivors demonstrated diverse cortical atrophy during recovery phase, among which 4 patients showed cerebellar atrophy, one patient had right pontine atrophy, 4 patients accompanied by signal abnormalities in subcortical and periventricular white matter, 2 patients showed right hippocampal sclerosis, and one patient showed signal abnormalities in bilateral basal ganglia. Conclusion SE is more prone to occur in Dravet patients who have high fever.It may result in AE or even death in severe cases.Survivors will leave severe neurological sequelae.The neuroimaging shows brain edema in acute phase.In recovery phase the neuroimaging shows diverse brain atrophy, moreover, a few patients may be associated with cerebellar or pontine atrophy, hippocampal sclerosis or abnormal signals in white matter or basal ganglia.

Objective To explore the ultrasound characteristics of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct( IPM N-B) and evaluate its diagnostic value . Methods Seventeen cases of IPM N-B were diagnosed by ultrasonic examination and confirmed by surgery and pathology . The ultrasound findings and distribution of color Doppler flow signals were observed and analyzed in comparison with the surgical and pathological results . Results Ultrasound revealed the characteristics of IPMN-B:① Bile duct mural nodules that looked like papillary or polypoid were observed; ② Asymmetry bile duct dilatation ,namely obvious dilatation in the lesion intrahepatic bile duct ,but only mild dilatation in the normal intrahepatic bile duct ;③Typical lesions showed mucus in bile duct along bile duct wall without acoustic shadow or move . High frequency ultrasound revealed that mucus in bile duct could float that looked like gelatin when operator vibrated probe in those superficial lesions . This is reliable characteristics of IPMN-B by ultrasound . Conclusions Ultrasound is of high value in the diagnosis of IPMN-B .

Objective To explore the protective effects of GYY4137, a new hydrogen sulfide donor, on intestinal mucosa in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and its potential mechanism.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: group A (control group), group B (NEC group), group C (NEC with GYY4137 treatment, H2S donor group), and group D (NEC with GYY4137 and Znpptreatment, HO-1 inhibitor group). The SD rat models of NEC were established using simulated milk feeding-hypoxia-cold stress-Lipopolysaccharides. The injury degree of intestinal mucosa was evaluated using HE-staining, and its mechanisms were investigated using biochemical indicators and Western blotting. Results Compared with control group, the pathology score and the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the NEC group was significantly higher, the concentrations of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were lower(P<0.05). Compared with those in NEC group, the pathology score and the concentration of MDA and TNF-α in the H2S donor group were signiflcantly lower, the T-SOD, and the HO-1 expression was higher. The pathology score and the level of MDA and TNF-α were signiflcantly increased after treated with HO-1 inhibitor Znpp, and T-SOD was signiflcantly decreased.. Conclusions The GYY4137, as a new H2S donor, could attenuate the injury of intestinal mucosa in a neonatal rat model of NEC by upregulating the expression of HO-1.