OBJECTIVE To formulate an expert consensus on the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains in China,and to standardize the prevention and control of respiratory infec-tious diseases in railway stations and trains scientifically.METHODS The government authorities organized multi-ple prevention and control experts from transportation,medical care and prevention fields to conduct in-depth re-search through methods such as meetings and on-site investigations,and combined with their practical experi-ence in this field to formulate this expert consensus.RESULTS In-depth studies were conducted on the prevention and control strategies,measures and emergency response system construction of respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains,and this expert consensus was formed.CONCLUSION This expert consensus supple-ments improves the existing prevention and control system for respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains,and provides an important reference basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious disea-ses in railway stations and trains.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of narrow-band ultraviolet B(NB-UVB)phototherapy combined with enteric-coated thymopeptide in treatment of pityriasis rosea and its impacts on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1).Methods Eighty patients with pityriasis rosea who were admitted to Haimen District People's Hospital from September 2022 to February 2024 were selected as research objects.They were divided into treatment group(n=41)and control group(n=39)according to random number table method.The control group was treated with NB-UVB phototherapy for one month,and the treatment group received NB-UVB phototherapy and enteric-coated thymopeptide for one month.The efficacy,rash-related time changes,symptom improvement,Pityriasis Rosea Severity Score(PRSS),VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels,and adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group.The skin rash came to a halt and disappeared in a shorter time in the treatment group than in the control group,while the time to itch cessation in the treatment group was significantly longer than that in the control group(all P<0.05).The PRSS scores and levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group after treatment(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion NB-UVB phototherapy combined with enteric-coated thymopeptide can enhance the therapeutic effects on pityriasis rosea and reduce VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels.

Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is lowly expressed in normal adult tissues while significantly upregulated under pathological conditions such as injury, inflammation, or tumors. Recent studies have shown that TNC plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development: it is not only closely related to the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque, but also involved in neuroinflammation regulation and Aβ clearance process. This article reviews the effect of TNC on AD pathology in aspects of neuroinflammation, synaptic function, autophagy and Aβ load, aiming to provide theoretical basis for TNC-targeted AD treatment and drug development.

OBJECTIVE To formulate an expert consensus on the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains in China,and to standardize the prevention and control of respiratory infec-tious diseases in railway stations and trains scientifically.METHODS The government authorities organized multi-ple prevention and control experts from transportation,medical care and prevention fields to conduct in-depth re-search through methods such as meetings and on-site investigations,and combined with their practical experi-ence in this field to formulate this expert consensus.RESULTS In-depth studies were conducted on the prevention and control strategies,measures and emergency response system construction of respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains,and this expert consensus was formed.CONCLUSION This expert consensus supple-ments improves the existing prevention and control system for respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains,and provides an important reference basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious disea-ses in railway stations and trains.

Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is lowly expressed in normal adult tissues while significantly upregulated under pathological conditions such as injury, inflammation, or tumors. Recent studies have shown that TNC plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development: it is not only closely related to the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque, but also involved in neuroinflammation regulation and Aβ clearance process. This article reviews the effect of TNC on AD pathology in aspects of neuroinflammation, synaptic function, autophagy and Aβ load, aiming to provide theoretical basis for TNC-targeted AD treatment and drug development.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality influencing factors of patients with Keshan disease.Methods:Clinical data of patients with Keshan disease from Keshan disease areas in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province were collected and retrospectively analyzed for clinical characteristics and survival status during regular follow-up. According to the survival status of patients, the survey subjects were divided into a survival group and a death group. All-cause mortality (referring to the death caused by various reasons throughout the follow-up period) was used as the study endpoint. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve analysis and log-rank χ 2 test were performed, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used for all-cause mortality factor analysis. Results:A total of 176 patients with Keshan disease were collected, including 92 cases in Sichuan Province and 84 cases in Yunnan Province. Among all the patients, there were 105 males, accounting for 59.66%, and 71 females, accounting for 40.34%. The age was (53.89 ± 13.19) years old. Thirty-five cases died from all causes, with a mortality rate of 19.89%. There were significant differences in age ( t = 2.09, P = 0.038), New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grading (χ 2 = 14.62, P < 0.001) and ventricular premature contraction (χ 2 = 6.82, P = 0.009) between the survival group and the death group. K-M survival curve analysis showed that patients with Keshan disease complicated by premature ventricular contraction and high NYHA cardiac function grading (Ⅲ and Ⅳ) had higher all-cause mortality (log-rank χ 2 = 8.72, 22.49, P < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that NYHA cardiac function grading and ventricular premature contraction ( HR = 3.09, 2.71, P < 0.05) were predictive influencing factors for all-cause mortality in patients with Keshan disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that NYHA cardiac function grading ( HR = 6.57, P = 0.002) and ventricular premature contraction ( HR = 2.98, P = 0.050) were independent factors for all-cause mortality in patients with Keshan disease. Conclusions:Among 176 patients with Keshan disease, the number of patients with poor cardiac function (NYHA cardiac function grading Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and arrhythmia is high. NYHA cardiac function grading and ventricular premature contractions are independent influencing factors for all-cause mortality in patients with Keshan disease.

Objective:To study the iodine nutrition status of key populations in Sichuan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific supplementation of iodine and adjustment of prevention and control measures.Methods:From 2018 to 2022, the stratified cluster sampling method was used in 21 counties (district) in Sichuan Province. Each county (district) was divided into 5 areas based on east, west, south, north, and center. One township (street) was selected as a monitoring site from each area. Forty children aged 8 - 10 years old and 20 pregnant women, women of childbearing age, lactating women, and their infants and young children (0 - 2 years old) were randomly selected from each monitoring site. Household edible salt and urine samples were collected for salt and urine iodine testing. B-ultrasound method was used for thyroid examination in children.Results:A total of 52 019 samples of edible salt were collected, including 50 084 qualified iodized salt samples. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 96.3%, and the median salt iodine was 27.1 mg/kg. A total of 21 021 urine samples from children were tested, with a median urine iodine level of 199.5 μg/L. A total of 10 293 urine samples were taken from pregnant women, and the median urine iodine level was 172.6 μg/L. A total of 10 502 urine samples were taken from women of childbearing age, with a median urine iodine level of 174.4 μg/L. A total of 10 444 urine samples were taken from lactating women, and the median urine iodine level was 164.9 μg/L. There were 10 442 urine samples from infants and young children, and the median urine iodine level was 191.9 μg/L. A total of 21 028 children underwent thyroid examination, with a goiter rate of 1.8% (370/21 028).Conclusion:From 2018 to 2022, the iodine nutrition of key populations in Sichuan Province is at an appropriate level, and the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders continues to be maintained.

Objective:To develop and test the reliability and validity of the scale of nurses′ medication competence. To provide scientific basis for the safe medication management of clinical nurses.Methods:Based on the qualitative interview results, combined with role theory and core competence theory, the initial item pool of the scale was formed through literature analysis and discussion in the research group. The first draft of the scale was formed through expert correspondence and pre-investigation. Using the cross-sectional survey methed, from October to November 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 825 clinical nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals in Dalian by convenience sampling method to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:Totally 20 experts were consulted, aged 35-49 years old. The nurses′ medication competence evaluation scale contained 11 dimensions, including pharmacological knowledge, medication management ability, medication evaluation ability, medication order checking and execution ability, clinical practice ability, modern technology application ability, educational consulting ability, communication and coordination ability, scientific research and learning ability, ethical and legal practice ability, quality management and risk management ability, with a total of 50 items. Exploratory factor analysis identified 11 common factors, which accounted for 86.525% of the variance. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.975, the Cronbach α coefficient of all dimensions were 0.880-0.977, and the retest reliabilities were 0.721-0.875. The content validity index of the scale was 0.99, and the content validity index of all items were 0.83-1.00. The correlation coefficients between the scale and the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse were 0.636-0.938. Conclusions:The nurses′ medication competence evaluation scale had good reliability and validity, and could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the medication ability of nurses.

Objective:To explore the effect of physical development on thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 years in Sichuan Province, and explore the thyroid volume correction method suitable for school-age children, so as to accurately prevent and control iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From June to July 2020, Shuangliu District of Chengdu City, Pengshan District of Meishan City, Miyi County of Panzhihua City and Qingchuan County of Guangyuan City were selected as the survey counties (districts). One township (town and street) was selected from each county (district) according to the five directions of East, West, South, North and Middle, one primary school was selected from each township (town and street), and 40 children aged 8 - 10 years (gender and age balanced) were selected as the survey subjects from each primary school, height and weight were measured, the body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. Thyroid volume was measured by B-ultrasound, and the different thyroid volume indexes [height volume index 1 (HVI1), height volume index 2 (HVI2), body mass volume index (BMIV), weight and height volume index (WHVI), body surface volume index (BSAV)] were calculated, respectively. Urine samples of all children were collected, the iodine concentration in urine was measured, and the correlation between different measurement indexes and children's growth and development indexes was analyzed.Results:A total of 805 children aged 8 - 10 years were investigated, including 403 boys and 402 girls. There were 312, 288 and 205 children in the 8-, 9- and 10-year-old groups, respectively. A total of 805 urine samples were collected, and the median urinary iodine was 251.4 μg/L. There was no statistically significant difference in thyroid volume between boys and girls ( Z = - 0.44, P = 0.661), but was statistically significant difference between ages ( H = 64.95, P < 0.001). In all age groups, thyroid volume was positively correlated with height and weight (8-year-old group: r = 0.29, 0.42, P < 0.001; 9-year-old group: r = 0.29, 0.41, P < 0.001; 10-year-old group: r = 0.34, 0.47, P < 0.001). In all age groups, after HVI1 correction, thyroid volume was positively correlated with height and weight (8-year-old group: r = 0.13, 0.32, P < 0.05; 9-year-old group: r = 0.12, 0.30, P < 0.05; 10-year-old group: r = 0.18, 0.37, P < 0.05). In all age groups, there was a positive correlation between thyroid volume and weight after HVI2 correction (8-year-old group: r = 0.20, P < 0.001; 9-year-old group: r = 0.17, P = 0.004; 10-year-old group: r = 0.26, P < 0.001). In the 8- and 10-year-old groups, there was a positive correlation between thyroid volume and height after BMIV correction ( r = 0.20, P < 0.001; r = 0.21, P = 0.003). In all age groups, there was a negative correlation between thyroid volume and height and weight after WHVI correction (8-year-old group: r = - 0.35, - 0.37, P < 0.001; 9-year-old group: r = - 0.38, - 0.39, P < 0.001; 10-year-old group: r = - 0.31, - 0.38, P < 0.001). In the 8-year-old group, there was a positive correlation between thyroid volume and weight after BSAV correction ( r = 0.11, P = 0.045). Conclusions:Thyroid volume is closely related to height and weight. It may be inappropriate to judge goiter in children only based on age. After the preliminary comparison of five correction methods, it is found that BSAV is better.

Objective:To understand the levels of selenium and T-2 toxin in the historical critical disease area of Kashin-Beck disease in Aba State of Sichuan Province.Methods:From July 2018 to February 2019, in five cities (counties) of historical critical Kashin-Beck disease areas, namely, Ma'erkang, Rangtang, Aba, Ruo'ergai and Hongyuan, one township was selected, respectively, and then one village in the historical critical disease area and one village in non-disease area were selected from the selected townships. Hair samples from 30 children aged 6 to 12 years old were collected to test selenium content in each village. Staple food samples of 10 households were collected to test the selenium and T-2 toxin contents in each village. Ten soil samples were collected from each village to test the selenium content.Results:The medians selenium of children's hair in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n= 180, 120) were 0.260 0 and 0.330 0 mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village ( Z = - 6.319, P < 0.01). In Ma'erkang and Hongyuan, the medians selenium in the diseased villages were lower than those in non-diseased villages ( Z = - 3.327, - 4.939, P < 0.01), and there were no statistically significant differences between the diseased villages and non-diseased villages in Rangtang and Ruo'ergai ( P > 0.05). The medians selenium of staple food in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n = 110, 70) were 0.005 8 and 0.018 0 mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village ( Z = - 2.263, P < 0.05). In Ruo'ergai, the median selenium in the diseased village was lower than that in non-diseased village ( Z = - 2.306, P < 0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences between the diseased villages and non-diseased villages in Ma'erkang, Rangtang and Hongyuan ( P > 0.05). The T-2 toxin contents in staple food were all less than detection limit (1 μg/kg) in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n = 103, 65). The soil selenium contents in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n = 60, 40) were (0.045 3 ± 0.021 5) and (0.065 8 ± 0.045 4) mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village ( t = 2.672, P < 0.05). The soil selenium content in the diseased village was lower than that in non-diseased village in Hongyuan ( t = 14.838, P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the soil selenium content between the diseased villages and non-diseased villages in Ma'erkang, Rangtang and Ruo'ergai ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The overall selenium level of children's hair is at a medium level (0.25 - < 0.50 mg/kg) in the historical critical disease area of Aba State of Sichuan Province, the selenium levels of staple food and soil are at a deficiency level (< 0.025, < 0.125 mg/kg), and the diseased villages are lower than non-diseased villages. No T-2 toxin is detected in staple food.