Objective To explore the MRI characteristics of anatomy and injuries of the tendons and ligaments in the midfoot.Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and 46 patients with midfoot trauma were selected for retrospective analysis.All subjects underwent examination on MR T1WI and proton density-fat suppression(PD FS)scans on three planes,respectively.Then the MRI features of tendon and ligaments injury were compared.Results The tendons and ligaments of 20 healthy volunteers(40 lateral feet)showed homogeneous low signal intensity with varing thickness.The anterior tibialis tendons showed a thin linear shape,and the posterior tibialis tendons showed a slightly thick band with uniform low signal intensity,and the calcaneonavicular ligament showed thin linelike low signal in different directions.In the 46 patients with midfoot injuries,there were 16 cases of anterior tibialis tendons injuries,18 cases of posterior tibialis tendons injuries,and 12 cases of calcaneonavicular ligament injuries.According to the MRI findings,the degree of injuries of tendons and ligaments was divided into injury,partial tear,and complete rupture.Conclusion MRI can clearly show the anatomy and injury features of ligaments and tendons in midfoot,which is of important value for the early diagnosis and accurate treatment of the ligaments and tendons injuries.

Objective To study the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity of schizophrenia patients under resting state,and to explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF),using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study,and divided into the violent and non-violent group by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms.The DPABI V2.3 (Data Processing & Analysis of Brain Imaging,DPABI) software was run on MATLAB2017b platform,the MRI data were preprocessed and were analyzed by ALFF and fALFF.Two-sample t-test was compared by DPABI software to recognize the differences between the two groups.The Pearson correlation analysis of ALFF/fALFF and PANSS scores were carried out.Results Compared with non-violent group (n=17),the ALFF values decreased in the Parietal_Sup_R and Parietal_Inf_R (AAL),and the fALFF increased in the bilateral inferior cerebellum lobe and Thalamus_L(AAL) in violent group (n=18).All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis shows that the ALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were positively correlated with PANSS-NS in the right inferior cerebellum lobe,Vermis,and Temporal_Mid_R (AAL,r=0.437,0.610,0.656 respectively).And the fALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were negatively correlated with PANSS-NS in the Angular_R (AAL,r=-0.723) and positively correlated with PANSS-P7 scores in the Frontal_Sup_Medial_L (AAL,r=0.647) respectively.All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Conclusions The ALFF/fALFF abnormalities of schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors are in multiple brain regions,suggesting that violent schizophrenia patients may have abnormal spontaneous neural activity in several brain regions.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of surface-based morphometry, using structural magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to assess patient′s violent behaviors. Patients were divided into two groups based on the total score of MOAS, the violent and non-violent group. The CAT12 software was employed to recognize the cortex thickness and fractal dimension values differences between the two groups. Correlated analysis of cortex thickness/fractal dimension and PANSS scores were carried out.Results:Compared with non-violent group ( n=18), the cortex thickness values of the violent group ( n=20) decreased in the left lingual ( t=4.11, P=0.000 11), insula ( t=3.48, P=0.000 66), precentral ( t=3.52, P=0.000 60) and right precentral ( t=3.94, P=0.000 18), supramarginal ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), postcentral ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), inferiorparietal gyrus region ( t=3.64, P=0.000 43; P<0.001, uncorrected); the cortex fractal dimension of the violent group increased in the left postcentral ( t=3.86, P=0.000 23) and decreased in the right precuneus ( t=3.62, P=0.000 44; P<0.001, uncorrected). The PANSS psychopathology scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value of left postcentral ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17), and total scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value in the left postcentral ( r=0.53, P=0.000 40) and the left fusiform ( r=0.50, P=0.000 47); the cortex fractal dimension value of right superiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), inferiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), postcentral( r=0.57, P=0.000 12), inferiortemporal ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17) were positively correlated with PANSS negative scores. Conclusion:The brain structural differences between schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors and those without suggest that schizophrenia patients show abnormal distribution, density and connectivity of neurons across cortical layers.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of surface-based morphometry, using structural magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to assess patient′s violent behaviors. Patients were divided into two groups based on the total score of MOAS, the violent and non-violent group. The CAT12 software was employed to recognize the cortex thickness and fractal dimension values differences between the two groups. Correlated analysis of cortex thickness/fractal dimension and PANSS scores were carried out.Results:Compared with non-violent group ( n=18), the cortex thickness values of the violent group ( n=20) decreased in the left lingual ( t=4.11, P=0.000 11), insula ( t=3.48, P=0.000 66), precentral ( t=3.52, P=0.000 60) and right precentral ( t=3.94, P=0.000 18), supramarginal ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), postcentral ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), inferiorparietal gyrus region ( t=3.64, P=0.000 43; P<0.001, uncorrected); the cortex fractal dimension of the violent group increased in the left postcentral ( t=3.86, P=0.000 23) and decreased in the right precuneus ( t=3.62, P=0.000 44; P<0.001, uncorrected). The PANSS psychopathology scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value of left postcentral ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17), and total scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value in the left postcentral ( r=0.53, P=0.000 40) and the left fusiform ( r=0.50, P=0.000 47); the cortex fractal dimension value of right superiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), inferiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), postcentral( r=0.57, P=0.000 12), inferiortemporal ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17) were positively correlated with PANSS negative scores. Conclusion:The brain structural differences between schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors and those without suggest that schizophrenia patients show abnormal distribution, density and connectivity of neurons across cortical layers.

Objective To study the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity of schizophrenia patients under resting state,and to explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF),using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study,and divided into the violent and non-violent group by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms.The DPABI V2.3 (Data Processing & Analysis of Brain Imaging,DPABI) software was run on MATLAB2017b platform,the MRI data were preprocessed and were analyzed by ALFF and fALFF.Two-sample t-test was compared by DPABI software to recognize the differences between the two groups.The Pearson correlation analysis of ALFF/fALFF and PANSS scores were carried out.Results Compared with non-violent group (n=17),the ALFF values decreased in the Parietal_Sup_R and Parietal_Inf_R (AAL),and the fALFF increased in the bilateral inferior cerebellum lobe and Thalamus_L(AAL) in violent group (n=18).All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis shows that the ALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were positively correlated with PANSS-NS in the right inferior cerebellum lobe,Vermis,and Temporal_Mid_R (AAL,r=0.437,0.610,0.656 respectively).And the fALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were negatively correlated with PANSS-NS in the Angular_R (AAL,r=-0.723) and positively correlated with PANSS-P7 scores in the Frontal_Sup_Medial_L (AAL,r=0.647) respectively.All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Conclusions The ALFF/fALFF abnormalities of schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors are in multiple brain regions,suggesting that violent schizophrenia patients may have abnormal spontaneous neural activity in several brain regions.