Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

Objective: To explore the impact of sleep quality, experience of childhood maltreatment, and their interaction on depressive symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide the reference for early intervention of depressive symptoms among middle school students. Methods: From September to December 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 231 students from two secondary schools in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province by a convenient sampling method. The survey included general demographic information, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in depressive symptom, sleep quality and childhood maltreatment among students with different demographic characteristics. Correlation analysis was conducted using Logistic regression, and interaction analysis was performed by both additive and multiplicative interaction models. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students was 22.7%, and the rate for high school students (35.2%) was significantly higher than that for middle school students (17.0%) ( χ 2=50.35, P <0.01). The detection rates of depressive symptoms among middle school students with a history of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality were 45.8% and 44.0%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to students without a history of childhood maltreatment, students with a history of childhood maltreatment had a higher risk of depressive symptoms ( OR =4.49，95% CI =3.31~ 6.09 , P <0.01);students with poor sleep quality had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than students with good sleep quality ( OR = 5.99，95% CI =4.37~8.22, P <0.01).The interaction results showed that the presence of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had an additive interaction on the occurrence of depression in middle school students. Compared with students without childhood maltreatment and having good sleep quality, students with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had a 22.49 times higher risk of developing depression ( OR =22.49，95% CI =14.22~35.59, P <0.01). Conclusion Depressive symptoms among middle school students are associated with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality, and there is an additive interaction between childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality on the impact of depressive symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the application of three deep learning algorithms in automatic segmentation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) in high-dose-rate brachytherapy after surgery for endometrial carcinoma. Methods A dataset comprising computed tomography scans from 306 post-surgery patients with endometrial carcinoma was divided into three subsets: 246 cases for training, 30 cases for validation, and 30 cases for testing. Three deep convolutional neural network models, 3D U-Net, 3D Res U-Net, and V-Net, were compared for CTV segmentation. Several commonly used quantitative metrics were employed, i.e., Dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance, 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance, and Intersection over Union. Results During the testing phase, CTV segmentation with 3D U-Net, 3D Res U-Net, and V-Net showed a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.90 ± 0.07, 0.95 ± 0.06, and 0.95 ± 0.06, a mean Hausdorff distance of 2.51 ± 1.70, 0.96 ± 1.01, and 0.98 ± 0.95 mm, a mean 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance of 1.33 ± 1.02, 0.65 ± 0.91, and 0.40 ± 0.72 mm, and a mean Intersection over Union of 0.85 ± 0.11, 0.91 ± 0.09, and 0.92 ± 0.09, respectively. Segmentation based on V-Net was similarly to that performed by experienced radiation oncologists. The CTV segmentation time was < 3.2 s, which could save the work time of clinicians. Conclusion V-Net is better than other models in CTV segmentation as indicated by quantitative metrics and clinician assessment. Additionally, the method is highly consistent with the ground truth, reducing inter-doctor variability and treatment time.

Objective To explore the MRI characteristics of anatomy and injuries of the tendons and ligaments in the midfoot.Methods Twenty healthy volunteers and 46 patients with midfoot trauma were selected for retrospective analysis.All subjects underwent examination on MR T1WI and proton density-fat suppression(PD FS)scans on three planes,respectively.Then the MRI features of tendon and ligaments injury were compared.Results The tendons and ligaments of 20 healthy volunteers(40 lateral feet)showed homogeneous low signal intensity with varing thickness.The anterior tibialis tendons showed a thin linear shape,and the posterior tibialis tendons showed a slightly thick band with uniform low signal intensity,and the calcaneonavicular ligament showed thin linelike low signal in different directions.In the 46 patients with midfoot injuries,there were 16 cases of anterior tibialis tendons injuries,18 cases of posterior tibialis tendons injuries,and 12 cases of calcaneonavicular ligament injuries.According to the MRI findings,the degree of injuries of tendons and ligaments was divided into injury,partial tear,and complete rupture.Conclusion MRI can clearly show the anatomy and injury features of ligaments and tendons in midfoot,which is of important value for the early diagnosis and accurate treatment of the ligaments and tendons injuries.

It was generally believed that muscular atrophy of paralyzed limbs after stroke was due to disuse. However, recent studies have found that secondary lesions of motor neurons in the contralateral anterior horn of the spinal cord and the decrease of motor units lead to denervation, which plays an essential role in muscular atrophy and muscle fiber type transition. This article reviews the phenomenon and mechanism of muscular atrophy and denervation of paralyzed limbs after stroke, to provide a reference for clinical evaluation and experimental research.

Objective To study the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity of schizophrenia patients under resting state,and to explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF),using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study,and divided into the violent and non-violent group by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms.The DPABI V2.3 (Data Processing & Analysis of Brain Imaging,DPABI) software was run on MATLAB2017b platform,the MRI data were preprocessed and were analyzed by ALFF and fALFF.Two-sample t-test was compared by DPABI software to recognize the differences between the two groups.The Pearson correlation analysis of ALFF/fALFF and PANSS scores were carried out.Results Compared with non-violent group (n=17),the ALFF values decreased in the Parietal_Sup_R and Parietal_Inf_R (AAL),and the fALFF increased in the bilateral inferior cerebellum lobe and Thalamus_L(AAL) in violent group (n=18).All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis shows that the ALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were positively correlated with PANSS-NS in the right inferior cerebellum lobe,Vermis,and Temporal_Mid_R (AAL,r=0.437,0.610,0.656 respectively).And the fALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were negatively correlated with PANSS-NS in the Angular_R (AAL,r=-0.723) and positively correlated with PANSS-P7 scores in the Frontal_Sup_Medial_L (AAL,r=0.647) respectively.All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Conclusions The ALFF/fALFF abnormalities of schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors are in multiple brain regions,suggesting that violent schizophrenia patients may have abnormal spontaneous neural activity in several brain regions.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of surface-based morphometry, using structural magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to assess patient′s violent behaviors. Patients were divided into two groups based on the total score of MOAS, the violent and non-violent group. The CAT12 software was employed to recognize the cortex thickness and fractal dimension values differences between the two groups. Correlated analysis of cortex thickness/fractal dimension and PANSS scores were carried out.Results:Compared with non-violent group ( n=18), the cortex thickness values of the violent group ( n=20) decreased in the left lingual ( t=4.11, P=0.000 11), insula ( t=3.48, P=0.000 66), precentral ( t=3.52, P=0.000 60) and right precentral ( t=3.94, P=0.000 18), supramarginal ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), postcentral ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), inferiorparietal gyrus region ( t=3.64, P=0.000 43; P<0.001, uncorrected); the cortex fractal dimension of the violent group increased in the left postcentral ( t=3.86, P=0.000 23) and decreased in the right precuneus ( t=3.62, P=0.000 44; P<0.001, uncorrected). The PANSS psychopathology scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value of left postcentral ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17), and total scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value in the left postcentral ( r=0.53, P=0.000 40) and the left fusiform ( r=0.50, P=0.000 47); the cortex fractal dimension value of right superiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), inferiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), postcentral( r=0.57, P=0.000 12), inferiortemporal ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17) were positively correlated with PANSS negative scores. Conclusion:The brain structural differences between schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors and those without suggest that schizophrenia patients show abnormal distribution, density and connectivity of neurons across cortical layers.

Objective To study the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity of schizophrenia patients under resting state,and to explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF),using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study,and divided into the violent and non-violent group by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms.The DPABI V2.3 (Data Processing & Analysis of Brain Imaging,DPABI) software was run on MATLAB2017b platform,the MRI data were preprocessed and were analyzed by ALFF and fALFF.Two-sample t-test was compared by DPABI software to recognize the differences between the two groups.The Pearson correlation analysis of ALFF/fALFF and PANSS scores were carried out.Results Compared with non-violent group (n=17),the ALFF values decreased in the Parietal_Sup_R and Parietal_Inf_R (AAL),and the fALFF increased in the bilateral inferior cerebellum lobe and Thalamus_L(AAL) in violent group (n=18).All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis shows that the ALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were positively correlated with PANSS-NS in the right inferior cerebellum lobe,Vermis,and Temporal_Mid_R (AAL,r=0.437,0.610,0.656 respectively).And the fALFF values of all schizophrenia (n=35) were negatively correlated with PANSS-NS in the Angular_R (AAL,r=-0.723) and positively correlated with PANSS-P7 scores in the Frontal_Sup_Medial_L (AAL,r=0.647) respectively.All the results were corrected by GRF (voxel level P＜0.01,cluster level P＜0.05).Conclusions The ALFF/fALFF abnormalities of schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors are in multiple brain regions,suggesting that violent schizophrenia patients may have abnormal spontaneous neural activity in several brain regions.

Objective:To explore the neuropathological mechanism of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia with violent behaviors based on the methods of surface-based morphometry, using structural magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by ICD-10 were included in the study. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to assess patient′s violent behaviors. Patients were divided into two groups based on the total score of MOAS, the violent and non-violent group. The CAT12 software was employed to recognize the cortex thickness and fractal dimension values differences between the two groups. Correlated analysis of cortex thickness/fractal dimension and PANSS scores were carried out.Results:Compared with non-violent group ( n=18), the cortex thickness values of the violent group ( n=20) decreased in the left lingual ( t=4.11, P=0.000 11), insula ( t=3.48, P=0.000 66), precentral ( t=3.52, P=0.000 60) and right precentral ( t=3.94, P=0.000 18), supramarginal ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), postcentral ( t=3.72, P=0.000 34), inferiorparietal gyrus region ( t=3.64, P=0.000 43; P<0.001, uncorrected); the cortex fractal dimension of the violent group increased in the left postcentral ( t=3.86, P=0.000 23) and decreased in the right precuneus ( t=3.62, P=0.000 44; P<0.001, uncorrected). The PANSS psychopathology scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value of left postcentral ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17), and total scores were positively correlated with the cortex fractal dimension value in the left postcentral ( r=0.53, P=0.000 40) and the left fusiform ( r=0.50, P=0.000 47); the cortex fractal dimension value of right superiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), inferiorparietal ( r=0.62, P=0.000 03), postcentral( r=0.57, P=0.000 12), inferiortemporal ( r=0.56, P=0.000 17) were positively correlated with PANSS negative scores. Conclusion:The brain structural differences between schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors and those without suggest that schizophrenia patients show abnormal distribution, density and connectivity of neurons across cortical layers.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer among women worldwide, and therefore, improved approaches for its early detection are urgently needed. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in tumorigenesis and possess excellent stability in plasma, this study focused on using miRNAs to develop a method for identifying noninvasive biomarkers. METHODS: To discover critical candidates, differential expression analysis was performed on tissue-originated miRNA profiles of 409 early breast cancer patients and 87 healthy controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We selected candidates from the differentially expressed miRNAs and then evaluated every possible molecular signature formed by the candidates. The best signature was validated in independent serum samples from 113 early breast cancer patients and 47 healthy controls using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The miRNA candidates in our method were revealed to be associated with breast cancer according to previous studies and showed potential as useful biomarkers. When validated in independent serum samples, the area under curve of the final miRNA signature (miR-21-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-99a-5p) was 0.895. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 97.9% and 73.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study established a novel and effective method to identify biomarkers for early breast cancer. And the method, is also suitable for other cancer types. Furthermore, a combination of three miRNAs was identified as a prospective biomarker for breast cancer early detection.
Area Under Curve ; Biomarkers ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Data Mining ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Genome ; Humans ; Methods ; MicroRNAs* ; Plasma ; Prospective Studies ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Sensitivity and Specificity