Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury （RIRI） is a major cause of acute kidney injury during kidney transplantation and peri-operative settings， and there is still a lack of safe and effective targeted preventive and therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Specifically， xanthohumol， luteolin， dracorhodin C， naringin， senkyunolide Ⅰ， verbascoside， and shikonin enhance antioxidant defenses， and inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Apigenin， nobiletin， tanshinone Ⅱ A ， and salidroside activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway to inhibit mitochondria- dependent apoptosis and facilitate renal repair. Quercetin， methyleugenol， cyanidin-3-glucoside， and platycodin D promote autophagy and improve mitochondrial homeostasis through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase（AMPK）/mTOR or AMPK/phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathways. In addition， hesperidin， curcumin， ganoderic acid， pulsatilla saponin B4， capsaicin， and diosgenin mitigate inflammatory responses and decrease renal tubular injury markers by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB， high mobility group box 1， Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways， thereby exerting multi-target， multi-stage renoprotective effects.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical components that were the absorbed in blood and liver tissue of rats after intragastric administration of aqueous extract from Abrus cantoniensis， and to speculate its possible metabolic pathways， providing reference for basic analysis of pharmacological substance in A. cantoniensis. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into A. cantoniensis group （0.63 g/kg， calculated by crude drug） and blank group； they were given relevant drug solution/ultrapure water intragastrically. After a single dose， plasma and liver samples of rats in each group were collected. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology was used to identify chemical components that were absorbed in the blood and liver tissue of rats. RESULTS Totally， 30 chemical constituents were identified from the water extracts of A. cantoniensis， including alkaloids， flavonoids， organic acids， iridoids （such as L-abrine， schaftoside， isoshaftoside）. Ten prototype components and nine metabolites （such as decarboxylation and sulfation metabolites of protocatechuic acid， reduced sulfated metabolites of p-hydroxybenzoic acid） were identified from plasma samples； six prototype components and five metabolites （such as sulfated metabolites of p-hydroxybenzoic acid， decarboxylation and sulfation metabolites of p-hydroxybenzoic acid） were identified from liver samples. The main metabolic pathways included hydroxylation， demethylation， methylation， sulfation， glucuronidation， etc. CONCLUSIONS Alkaloids， flavonoids and organic acids are the main components of the aqueous extract from A. cantoniensis that are absorbed into the blood and liver， their metabolism mainly involves hydroxylation，demethylation， and sulfation.

Objective:To understand the monkeypox knowledge awareness, risk perception and vaccination intention in men who have sex with men (MSM) in five cities in northeast China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by using electronic questionnaire in MSM selected by convenience sampling in five cities in northeast China (Shenyang, Panjin, Changchun, Harbin and Jiamusi) from June 28 to July 8, 2023 by local centers for disease control and prevention and MSM communities. The sample size was estimated to be 220. Information about their demographics, monkeypox-related knowledge awareness, perceived concern about epidemic risk perception, and monkeypox vaccination intention were collected. Logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors for MSM's monkeypox vaccination intention.Results:In 355 MSM, 63.9% (227/355) had monkeypox vaccination intentions, and 55.5% (197/355) had high awareness of monkeypox related knowledge with a mean knowledge awareness score of 3.7±1.5. MSM with education level of high-school and above (a OR=1.93, 95% CI:1.01-3.69), higher knowledge awareness score (a OR=1.19, 95% CI:1.02-1.40) and higher risk perception of monkeypox infection (a OR=1.82, 95% CI:1.15-2.88), were more willing to receive monkeypox vaccination. The main reasons for willingness to receive monkeypox vaccine were preventing monkeypox (86.3%, 196/227) and worrying about appearance being affected (62.1%, 141/227). The main reasons for unwillingness for the vaccination included concerns about vaccine safety (53.1%, 68/128), clinical progression of AIDS being affected (46.1%, 59/128) and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy being affected (44.5%, 57/128). Conclusions:The levels of knowledge awareness and vaccine intentions still need to be improved among MSM in five cities of northeast China. It is necessary to improve the awareness of monkeypox and intention of monkeypox vaccination, promote protected sex behavior and self-assessment of infection risk, reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase monkeypox vaccination intention in MSM in 5 cities in northeast China.

AIM:To investigate the effect of ankyrin repeat domain 49(ANKRD49)on epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition(EMT)in NCI-H1299 cells,and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:The ANKRD49 was over-ex-pressed in NCI-H1299 cells.The morphological changes of ANKRD49-overpressing NCI-H1299 cells were observed under microscope.The mRNA and protein expression levels of EMT-related markers[E-cadherin,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)]and EMT-related transcription factors(Snail1,Slug,Twist and ZEB1)were detected by RT-qPCR Western blot.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the localiza-tion and expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in ANKRD49-overexpressing cells or control cells.Immunohistochemical method was performed to examine the levels of E-cadherin,α-SMA,Snail,Slug and ZEB1 in lung tissues of nude mice in-oculated with ANKRD49-overexpressing H1299 cells or control cells.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the ANKRD49 overexpressing cells showed mesenchymal cell morphology(fusiform and less tight connections).RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of mesenchymal markers vimentin and α-SMA in ANKRD49 overexpressing cells were significantly higher than those in cells of control group,while the mRNA and protein levels of epithelial marker E-cadherin were lower than those in cells of control group.Compared with control group,the im-munofluorescence intensity of E-cadherin of H1299 cells decreased in after ANKRD49 overexpression,while that of vimen-tin increased significantly.Snail,Slug and ZEB1 expression were significantly elevated in ANKRD49 overexpressing cells compared with control group.The levels of E-cadherin in lung tissues of nude mice inoculated with ANKRD49-overexpressing H1299 cells declined,while the levels of α-SMA,Snail,Slug and ZEB1 increased compared with those in control mice.CONCLUSION:ANKRD49 promoted EMT of NCI-H1299 cells by increasing the expression of Snail1,Slug and ZEB1 and consequent downreguation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin and α-SMA.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of pterostilbene(PTE)in preventing and treating neuroinflamma-tion after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rats.Methods:Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided in-to a sham group,a model group(MCAO/R),a low-dose PTE group(PTE-L),a medium-dose PTE group(PTE-M),and a high-dose PTE group(PTE-H).CIRI model was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R)in rats.The neurological deficit in rats was evaluated by Zea Longa score.The volume of cerebral infarc-tion was detected by TTC staining.The morphological changes of ischemic cortex was observed HE staining.The ex-pressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),prostaglandin D2 receptor(DP2)and prostaglandin D1 receptor(DP1)were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blot.The expressions of prostaglandin D2(PGD2),interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the sham group,the MCAO/R group showed a significant increase in neurological scores(P＜0.05),a significant increase in cerebral infarction vol-ume(P＜0.05),and aggravated cortical damage in the ischemic area.Additionally,there were significant increase in the expressions of COX-2,DP2 mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),along with increased expressions of PGD2,IL-1β and TNF-α(P＜0.05).Compared with the MCAO/R group,the PTE-L,PTE-M,and PTE-H groups showed a significant decrease in neurological scores(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in cerebral infarction volume(P＜0.05),and markedly alleviated cortical damage in the ischemic region.Additionally,there were significant decrease in the expres-sions of COX-2,DP2 mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),along with decreased expressions of PGD2,IL-1β and TNF-α(P＜0.05).Furthermore,a dose-effect relationship was observed for the neuroprotective effects of PTE on brain tissue(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the expressions of DP,mRNA and protein among all groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:PTE can attenuate the neuroinflammation of CIRI in rats by inhibiting COX-2/PGD2/DP2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of pterostilbene(PTE)in preventing and treating neuroinflamma-tion after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rats.Methods:Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided in-to a sham group,a model group(MCAO/R),a low-dose PTE group(PTE-L),a medium-dose PTE group(PTE-M),and a high-dose PTE group(PTE-H).CIRI model was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R)in rats.The neurological deficit in rats was evaluated by Zea Longa score.The volume of cerebral infarc-tion was detected by TTC staining.The morphological changes of ischemic cortex was observed HE staining.The ex-pressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),prostaglandin D2 receptor(DP2)and prostaglandin D1 receptor(DP1)were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blot.The expressions of prostaglandin D2(PGD2),interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the sham group,the MCAO/R group showed a significant increase in neurological scores(P＜0.05),a significant increase in cerebral infarction vol-ume(P＜0.05),and aggravated cortical damage in the ischemic area.Additionally,there were significant increase in the expressions of COX-2,DP2 mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),along with increased expressions of PGD2,IL-1β and TNF-α(P＜0.05).Compared with the MCAO/R group,the PTE-L,PTE-M,and PTE-H groups showed a significant decrease in neurological scores(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in cerebral infarction volume(P＜0.05),and markedly alleviated cortical damage in the ischemic region.Additionally,there were significant decrease in the expres-sions of COX-2,DP2 mRNA and protein(P＜0.05),along with decreased expressions of PGD2,IL-1β and TNF-α(P＜0.05).Furthermore,a dose-effect relationship was observed for the neuroprotective effects of PTE on brain tissue(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the expressions of DP,mRNA and protein among all groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:PTE can attenuate the neuroinflammation of CIRI in rats by inhibiting COX-2/PGD2/DP2 signaling pathway.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that mainly occurs in East and Southeast Asia. Although patients benefit from the main NPC treatments (e.g., radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy), persistent and recurrent diseases still occur in some NPC patients. Therefore, investigating the pathogenesis of NPC is of great clinical significance. In the present study, replication factor c subunit 4 (RFC4) is a key potential target involved in NPC progression via bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, the expression and mechanism of RFC4 in NPC were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that RFC4 was more elevated in NPC tumor tissues than in normal tissues. RFC4 knockdown induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibited NPC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, HOXA10 was confirmed as a downstream target of RFC4, and the overexpression of HOXA10 attenuated the silencing of RFC4-induced cell proliferation, colony formation inhibition, and cell cycle arrest. For the first time, this study reveals that RFC4 is required for NPC cell proliferation and may play a pivotal role in NPC tumorigenesis.
Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/pathology* ; Carcinoma/pathology* ; Replication Protein C/metabolism* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Movement

Objective:To explore the application method and effect of online teaching of pediatrics in undergraduate clinical medicine.Methods:From March to August, 2020, two classes of pediatrics were selected as research objects: 67 students from Batch 2016 "5+3" clinical medicine class were taught by providing recorded teaching resources and online communication and answering questions (hereinafter referred to as "recorded courses"); 39 students from Batch 2015 "5+3" clinical medicine class were taught by live courses and online communication and answering questions (hereinafter referred to as "live courses"). Through the questionnaire survey on the two groups of students, the effect of the two online teaching methods were compared and the medical students' views and suggestions on them were collected. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:Most of the students in the two groups (98.1%) agreed with the effect of the online teaching of pediatrics and thought it could meet their learning needs. There was no significant difference in the online teaching effect between recorded courses group and live courses group ( P > 0.05). However, they had a poor recognition with the implementation of complete online teaching in the future, while they preferred the combination of online teaching with practical exercises in offline hospitals. Conclusion:Online teaching of pediatrics has been recognized by medical students. The two online teaching methods have their own advantages: recorded courses are more planned and the content is more rigorous; live courses are more interactive and flexible. However, considering that medicine is a highly practical subject, it still needs to be supplemented by offline practice while giving full play to the advantages of online teaching.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and atherosclerosis (AS) have considerable similarities in clinical risk factors and molecular pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences between AAA and AS from the perspective of metabolomics, and to explore the potential mechanisms of differential metabolites via integration analysis with transcriptomics. Plasma samples from 32 AAA and 32 AS patients were applied to characterize the metabolite profiles using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 18 remarkably different metabolites were identified, and a combination of seven metabolites could potentially serve as a biomarker to distinguish AAA and AS, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93. Subsequently, we analyzed both the metabolomics and transcriptomics data and found that seven metabolites, especially 2'-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR), were significantly correlated with differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, our study presents a comprehensive landscape of plasma metabolites in AAA and AS patients, and provides a research direction for pathogenetic mechanisms in atherosclerotic AAA.

Toutianliang manipulation is the most representative compound needling technique of traditional reinforcing and reducing and has the remarkable efficacy on heat syndrome with muscle and bone involved for example. Professor ZHANG Jin is one of the famous acupuncture master in China and has contributed his lifelong to the research of acupuncture manipulation techniques. He has summarized 24 single-type manipulations and has given the comprehensive explanation of the manipulations for meridian conduction, reinforcing or reducing techniques for the excess or deficiency. In the paper, Toutianliang manipulation was introduced briefly and the key operation steps had been discussed.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans