In order to investigate the related pathogens and reveal the etiological characteristics of gout in goslings,191 typical clinical cases from partial regions of China were examined by RT-PCR/PCR detection of viral nucleic acids in domestic poultry and pathological analysis.The autop-sy results show that the clinical cases could be classified into three types based on the severity of urate deposition:severe,moderate,and mild,namely systemic urate deposition,local urate deposi-tion mainly in the liver and kidneys,and only a small amount of fine-grained urate deposition in the liver,gallbladder,or glandular stomach.The results of RT-PCR/PCR detection showed that the to-tal positive rates were as follows:GAstV Group2 63.9％,GAstV Group1 50.3％,AAstV-2 38.7％,novel Muscovy duck parvovirus(NPV)17.8％,GPV 16.2％,GoCV 12.6％,MDPV 7.9％,MDRV 8.4％,DPV 0.5％,GPMV and NDV 0.5％,the AstV-1、ARV、TMUV、NDV、FAdV、GHPyV were zero.Among all the postive samples,the rates of single positive,double positive,and multiple posi-tive were 18.3％,27.2％,and 44.0％,respectively.The rate of single positive samples containing AAstV was only 12.0％,the double or multiple positive samples containing GAstV Group 1/2 was 60.7％,and the rate of samples without GAstV Group 1/2 was 10.5％.The results also showed that 20(10.5％)samples were negative for 16 types of viruses.The AAstV particles isolated from single positive samples appear spherical shape,non-enveloped and 20-80 nm minsize.Two types of virus particles which with spherical shape and diameters of 40-100 and 20-40 nm can be isolated from the negative samples.The virus inoculation results show that the goose embryos can be led to death by clinical GAstV isolates,which with classic histopathological characteristics.Although the GAstV isolates cannot led to death and obvious typical histopathological change in goslings,the vi-ral nucleic acids can be detected in heart,liver,spleen,kidney,intestine and cloacal anal swabs.The above results indicated that there were multiple pathogens co-infection dominated by AAstv in Gosling gout in China,including cross species infections of multiple AAstVs,parvovirus,ARV and suspec-ted novel viruses.Moreover,the GAstV maybe not the only pathogen causing gout in goslings.

OBJECTIVES: Verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN), seborrheic keratosis (SK), verruca plana (VP), verruca vulgaris (VV), and nevus sebaceous (NS) are common verrucous proliferative skin diseases with similar clinical appearances, often posing diagnostic challenges. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can aid in their differentiation, yet their specific features under these tools have not been systematically described. This study aims to summarize and analyze the dermoscopic and RCM features of VEN, SK, VP, VV, and NS. METHODS: A total of 121 patients with histopathologically confirmed verrucous proliferative skin diseases were enrolled. Dermoscopy and RCM imaging was used to observe and analyze the microscopic features of these conditions. RESULTS: Under dermoscopy, the 5 diseases displayed distinct characteristics: VEN typically showed gyriform structures; SK was characterized by gyriform structures, comedo-like openings, and milia-like cysts; VP and VV featured dotted vessels and frogspawn-like structures; NS presented as brownish-yellow globules. RCM revealed shared features such as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis across all 5 diseases. Specific features included gyriform structures and elongated rete ridges in VEN; pseudocysts and gyriform structures in SK; evenly distributed ring-like structures in VP; vacuolated cells and papillomatous proliferation in VV; and frogspawn-like structures in NS. CONCLUSIONS These 5 verrucous proliferative skin conditions exhibit distinguishable features under both dermoscopy and RCM. The combination of these 2 noninvasive imaging modalities holds significant clinical value for the differential diagnosis of verrucous proliferative skin diseases.
Humans ; Dermoscopy/methods* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Keratosis, Seborrheic/pathology* ; Young Adult ; Warts/diagnosis* ; Child ; Aged ; Skin Diseases/pathology* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn/diagnosis* ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Child, Preschool

In order to investigate the related pathogens and reveal the etiological characteristics of gout in goslings,191 typical clinical cases from partial regions of China were examined by RT-PCR/PCR detection of viral nucleic acids in domestic poultry and pathological analysis.The autop-sy results show that the clinical cases could be classified into three types based on the severity of urate deposition:severe,moderate,and mild,namely systemic urate deposition,local urate deposi-tion mainly in the liver and kidneys,and only a small amount of fine-grained urate deposition in the liver,gallbladder,or glandular stomach.The results of RT-PCR/PCR detection showed that the to-tal positive rates were as follows:GAstV Group2 63.9％,GAstV Group1 50.3％,AAstV-2 38.7％,novel Muscovy duck parvovirus(NPV)17.8％,GPV 16.2％,GoCV 12.6％,MDPV 7.9％,MDRV 8.4％,DPV 0.5％,GPMV and NDV 0.5％,the AstV-1、ARV、TMUV、NDV、FAdV、GHPyV were zero.Among all the postive samples,the rates of single positive,double positive,and multiple posi-tive were 18.3％,27.2％,and 44.0％,respectively.The rate of single positive samples containing AAstV was only 12.0％,the double or multiple positive samples containing GAstV Group 1/2 was 60.7％,and the rate of samples without GAstV Group 1/2 was 10.5％.The results also showed that 20(10.5％)samples were negative for 16 types of viruses.The AAstV particles isolated from single positive samples appear spherical shape,non-enveloped and 20-80 nm minsize.Two types of virus particles which with spherical shape and diameters of 40-100 and 20-40 nm can be isolated from the negative samples.The virus inoculation results show that the goose embryos can be led to death by clinical GAstV isolates,which with classic histopathological characteristics.Although the GAstV isolates cannot led to death and obvious typical histopathological change in goslings,the vi-ral nucleic acids can be detected in heart,liver,spleen,kidney,intestine and cloacal anal swabs.The above results indicated that there were multiple pathogens co-infection dominated by AAstv in Gosling gout in China,including cross species infections of multiple AAstVs,parvovirus,ARV and suspec-ted novel viruses.Moreover,the GAstV maybe not the only pathogen causing gout in goslings.

Goose astrovirus(GAstV)has become one of the most important pathogens endangering the goose farming industry in China.To discover the genomic information of prevalent strains in China in 2022 and reveal their biological characteristics,the whole genomes of 9 strains of GAstV-1 and 12 strains of GAstV-2 isolated from parts of China in 2022 were sequenced by the Chromo-some Walking and analyzed by bioinformatics software and websites.The analysis results of gene structure showed that the sizes of the coding genes ranged from 6 977 to 7 215 bp.The open read-ing frame 1(ORF1)of all strains contained the characteristic motifs of serine protease,nuclear lo-calization signal(NLS)and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp).The ribosomal frameshift signals(RFS)were all in the form of stem-loop structures.However,the numbers of stem and loop nucleotides in GAstV-1 were"14+11"configuration,while those in GAstV-2 were"12+14"configuration,and the loop of GAstV-2 was in the"8+6"double-loop configuration.The results of homological analysis for ORF1b showed that the homology of the GAstV-1 isolats compared with the representative strains of avian astrovirus types 1,2,and 3(AAstV-1,AAstV-2,AAstV-3)ranged from 7％to 64％,and the homology of the GAstV-2 isolates ranged from 8％to 68％.The average genetic distances of ORF2 were 0.9,1.2,and 0.9 respectively compared with the represent-ative strains of AAstV-1,AAstV-2 and AAstV-3.While for the GAstV-2 isolates,the highest ho-mologies were 68％and 56％,the lowest homologies were 8％and 36％respectively.And the aver-age genetic distances of ORF2 were 1.0,1.2,and 0.5 respectively.B-cell-conformational epitopes screening results of ORF2 showed that,there were four common epitopes in the GAstV Group 1 i-solates,namely PRE,LALQSQSVNTFA,AAG and YQQVTSDQSI except for N-145,N-287 and N-314 in the two strains G1FJ267 and G1JS277.And there were seven common conformational epitopes in the GAstV-2 isolates,namely NQE,RAN,GPE,PRQ,TRAQ,SNS,and AVPPNTPL except for N-83,N-136,N-331 and N-351 in the strain G2FJ283-3B.The above results indicated that GAstV maybe belong to a new type of AAstV because of the difference between the clinical i-solates and the known strains of AAstV.And there was pathogenic diversity among the isolates.All the isolates of GAstV-1 and GAstV-2 belong to two different serotypes,and the possible serologi-cal subtypes among the isolates of GAstV-1 or GAstV-2 are remained to be further identified by serological tests.

Goose astrovirus(GAstV)has become one of the most important pathogens endangering the goose farming industry in China.To discover the genomic information of prevalent strains in China in 2022 and reveal their biological characteristics,the whole genomes of 9 strains of GAstV-1 and 12 strains of GAstV-2 isolated from parts of China in 2022 were sequenced by the Chromo-some Walking and analyzed by bioinformatics software and websites.The analysis results of gene structure showed that the sizes of the coding genes ranged from 6 977 to 7 215 bp.The open read-ing frame 1(ORF1)of all strains contained the characteristic motifs of serine protease,nuclear lo-calization signal(NLS)and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp).The ribosomal frameshift signals(RFS)were all in the form of stem-loop structures.However,the numbers of stem and loop nucleotides in GAstV-1 were"14+11"configuration,while those in GAstV-2 were"12+14"configuration,and the loop of GAstV-2 was in the"8+6"double-loop configuration.The results of homological analysis for ORF1b showed that the homology of the GAstV-1 isolats compared with the representative strains of avian astrovirus types 1,2,and 3(AAstV-1,AAstV-2,AAstV-3)ranged from 7％to 64％,and the homology of the GAstV-2 isolates ranged from 8％to 68％.The average genetic distances of ORF2 were 0.9,1.2,and 0.9 respectively compared with the represent-ative strains of AAstV-1,AAstV-2 and AAstV-3.While for the GAstV-2 isolates,the highest ho-mologies were 68％and 56％,the lowest homologies were 8％and 36％respectively.And the aver-age genetic distances of ORF2 were 1.0,1.2,and 0.5 respectively.B-cell-conformational epitopes screening results of ORF2 showed that,there were four common epitopes in the GAstV Group 1 i-solates,namely PRE,LALQSQSVNTFA,AAG and YQQVTSDQSI except for N-145,N-287 and N-314 in the two strains G1FJ267 and G1JS277.And there were seven common conformational epitopes in the GAstV-2 isolates,namely NQE,RAN,GPE,PRQ,TRAQ,SNS,and AVPPNTPL except for N-83,N-136,N-331 and N-351 in the strain G2FJ283-3B.The above results indicated that GAstV maybe belong to a new type of AAstV because of the difference between the clinical i-solates and the known strains of AAstV.And there was pathogenic diversity among the isolates.All the isolates of GAstV-1 and GAstV-2 belong to two different serotypes,and the possible serologi-cal subtypes among the isolates of GAstV-1 or GAstV-2 are remained to be further identified by serological tests.

Allergic asthma is a complex，polygenic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Fungus and dust mites are the most important inhaled allergens of allergic asthma，and often exist in the form of mixed allergens. In recent years，genetic studies have shown that several genes are associated with allergic asthma attacks. This article reviews the studies on the genes related to allergic asthma caused by dust mites and fungus，such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33（ADAM33），interleukin-4（IL-4），glycoprotein A repetitions predominant（GARP），toll like receptor 3（TLR3），mannose-binding lectin 2（MBL2），chemokine（C-C motif）ligand 17（CCL17）and other genes .

Objective To compare the efficacy of 30 g·L-1diquafosol sodium eye drops and 0.5 g·L-1 cyclospo-rine eye drops in patients with dry eye after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).Methods A total of 37 patients(74 eyes)undergoing SMILE in Xi'an Fourth Hospital from January to February 2024 were selected as the subjects.Patients were randomly divided into the cyclosporine group(11 patients),diquafosol sodium group(16 pa-tients),and control group(10 patients)through a random number table method.There were no significant differences in the age and gender of patients in the three groups(both P＞0.05).Patients in the cyclosporine group were treated with 0.5 g·L-1 cyclosporine eye drops,twice a day,1 drop each time,for 3 months.Patients in the diquafosol sodium group were treated with 30 g·L-1 diquafosol sodium eye drops,6 times a day,1 drop each time,for 3 months.Patients in the control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops,3 times a day,1 drop each time,for 3 months,and the fre-quency of administration could be adjusted according to clinical symptoms.The visual acuity,intraocular pressure,redness scan(R-Scan),Schirmer tear test(SIT),non-invasive break-up time(NIBUT)and ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire scores were measured in all patients at 1 month and 3 months after the operation.SPSS 22.0 statistical soft-ware was used for data analysis,and visual acuity,intraocular pressure,R-Scan,SIT,NIBUT and OSDI scores were com-pared among the three groups before,1 month and 3 months after the operation.Results In the cyclosporine group,in-traocular pressures of patients at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively were significantly lower than the preoperative level;the NIBUT was significantly prolonged at 3 months after operation compared with the preoperative level;OSDI scores were significantly elevated at both 1 month and 3 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative level(all P＜0.05).In the diquafosol sodium group,intraocular pressure at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively was significantly lower than the preoperative level;the SIT at 3 months after the operation was lower than that before operation;OSDI was higher 1 month after operation than pre-operation and 3 months after operation(all P＜0.05).In the control group,intraocular pressure at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively was significantly lower than the preoperative level;the naked eye visual acuity 3 months after operation was better than the best corrected visual acuity before operation(all P＜0.05).There was no signif-icant difference in visual acuity,intraocular pressure and R-Scan among the three groups 1 month and 3 months after opera-tion(all P＞0.05).One month after the operation,SIT and NIBUT in the control group were higher than those in the cy-closporine group and diquafosol sodium group(all P＜0.05);the OSDI of diquafosol sodium group was higher than that of the cyclosporine group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both cyclosporine eye drops and diquafosol sodium eye drops can re-lieve ocular surface discomfort after SMILE and cyclosporine eye drops are more helpful to improve tear film stability.

Objective To investigate the effects of different components of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on depression-like behaviors and intestinal flora in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rats. Methods Seventy-six healthy male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in the acetate group (n=12),propionate group (n=15) and butyrate group (n=14) were given intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 50 mg/kg sodium acetate,100 mg/kg sodium propionate and 50 mg/kg sodium butyrate,respectively. Rats in the SCFAs group (n=12) were given i.p of 1∶1∶1 sodium acetate,sodium propionate and sodium butyrate mixed solution. Rats in the CUMS group (n=13) were given i.p of 1 mL/100 g saline. Rats in the control group (n=10) did not receive any treatment. Besides the control group,other groups were subjected to CUMS and intraperitoneal injection before stress for 28 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference test,forced swimming test,open field test,and then cecal fecal samples were collected to examine the composition of intestinal flora by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Compared with the control group,the body weight of rats and the sugar preference coefficient decreased and the immobility time increased in the CUMS group (P<0.05). The butyrate group reversed the alterations in change of the sugar preference coefficient and the immobility time (P<0.05). Additionally,the sugar preference coefficient was elevated in the SCFAs group (P<0.05). The community structure of intestinal flora was changed in the CUMS group compared to the control group and was partially improved in the acetate group. The number of unique species reduced in the CUMS group but increased in the acetate group,propionate group,butyrate group and SCFAs group. LEfSe found the enrichment of Bifidobacterium in the propionate group and the enrichment of Collinsella in the SCFAs group. Conclusions Sodium butyrate significantly improves depressive-like behaviors of the CUMS-induced rats. Sodium acetate,sodium propionate,and short-chain fatty acid mixture can influence the composition of intestinal flora. However,their antidepressant effect is not significant. Sodium butyrate may be a better alternative for supplementing short-chain fatty acids in depression.

Objective To investigate the effects of different components of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on depression-like behaviors and intestinal flora in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rats. Methods Seventy-six healthy male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in the acetate group (n=12),propionate group (n=15) and butyrate group (n=14) were given intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 50 mg/kg sodium acetate,100 mg/kg sodium propionate and 50 mg/kg sodium butyrate,respectively. Rats in the SCFAs group (n=12) were given i.p of 1∶1∶1 sodium acetate,sodium propionate and sodium butyrate mixed solution. Rats in the CUMS group (n=13) were given i.p of 1 mL/100 g saline. Rats in the control group (n=10) did not receive any treatment. Besides the control group,other groups were subjected to CUMS and intraperitoneal injection before stress for 28 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference test,forced swimming test,open field test,and then cecal fecal samples were collected to examine the composition of intestinal flora by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Compared with the control group,the body weight of rats and the sugar preference coefficient decreased and the immobility time increased in the CUMS group (P<0.05). The butyrate group reversed the alterations in change of the sugar preference coefficient and the immobility time (P<0.05). Additionally,the sugar preference coefficient was elevated in the SCFAs group (P<0.05). The community structure of intestinal flora was changed in the CUMS group compared to the control group and was partially improved in the acetate group. The number of unique species reduced in the CUMS group but increased in the acetate group,propionate group,butyrate group and SCFAs group. LEfSe found the enrichment of Bifidobacterium in the propionate group and the enrichment of Collinsella in the SCFAs group. Conclusions Sodium butyrate significantly improves depressive-like behaviors of the CUMS-induced rats. Sodium acetate,sodium propionate,and short-chain fatty acid mixture can influence the composition of intestinal flora. However,their antidepressant effect is not significant. Sodium butyrate may be a better alternative for supplementing short-chain fatty acids in depression.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence of exercise reversal intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty, and to provide evidence for guiding exercise in elderly patients.Methods:This study was a summary of evidence-based nursing evidence. Based on the PIPOST (P: Population; I: Intervention; P: Professional; O: Outcome; S: Setting; T: Type of evidence) mode, the evidence of exercise reversal intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty in 25 relevant guideline network and association websites, Chinese and foreign language comprehensive databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Internet and others were searched, extracted and integrated. The retrieval time was from January 1, 2013 to February 14, 2022.Results:A total of 22 articles were included, including 3 guidelines, 2 expert consensuses, 1 clinical decision-making, 1 evidence summary, 9 Meta analysis, and 6 randomized controlled trials. Finally, 28 pieces of the best evidence including 7 dimensions were namely formulate principles,overall assessment, exercise mode, exercise intensity, exercise time and frequency, exercise management, health guidance.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence of exercise intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty, which are systematic, comprehensive, rigorous, and reliable. It can provide references for healthcare administrators to dynamically evaluate patients′cognitive frailty status, formulate personalized exercise programs, and standardize exercise guidance for patients, so as to delay or even reverse cognitive frailty.