BACKGROUND: As an essential part of health services, rehabilitation is of great significance to improve the health and quality of life of the whole population. Accelerating aging calls for a significant expansion of rehabilitation services in China, but rehabilitation needs remain unclear. We conducted the study to explore the rehabilitation needs in China and project the trend of rehabilitation needs from 2020 to 2034. METHODS: The data of health conditions that might potentially benefit from rehabilitation were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the trends of the age-standardized rates. Projections of rehabilitation needs were made until 2034 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis (BAPC). RESULTS: Approximately 460 million persons (33.3% of the total population) need rehabilitation in China, contributing to 63 million years lived with disabilities (YLDs) in 2019. The number of prevalent cases that need rehabilitation increased from around 268 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257-282) million in 1990 to almost 460 (95% UI: 443-479) million in 2019, representing an increase of 71.3%. The highest contribution to the need for rehabilitation was musculoskeletal disorders with about 322 (95% UI: 302-343) million persons in seven aggregate disease and injury categories, and hearing loss with over 95 (95% UI: 84-107) million people among 25 health conditions. Based on the projection results, there will be almost 636 million people (45% of the total population) needing rehabilitation services in China by 2034, representing an increase of 38.3%. The rehabilitation needs of neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders are expected to increase significantly from 2019 to 2034, with increases of 102.3%, 88.8% and 73.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The need for rehabilitation in China substantially increased over the last 30 years. It is predicted that over two in five people will require rehabilitation by 2034, thus suggesting the need to develop rehabilitation services that meet individuals' rehabilitation needs.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Female ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology* ; Rehabilitation/trends* ; Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Bayes Theorem

In light of the professional characteristics of oral medicine,oral medical students may be challenged with higher medical risks during the clinical internship stage.This article analyzes the potential risk factors in the process of oral medicine internships and proposes corresponding preventive strategies,aiming to ensure medical safety and promote the healthy development of medical students.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of patients with POEMS syndrome initially diagnosed as pulmonary hypertension (PH).Methods:Clinical data of 7 patients who were initially diagnosed as PH and finally diagnosed as POEMS syndrome in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from May 2013 to November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, echocardiography, hemodynamic findings, treatment and prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results:Seven patients, including 4 males and 3 female, aged (55±9) (44-62) years were presented with elevated pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography at admission. Chest tightness and shortness of breath (7/7), fatigue (6/7) and lower limb edema (4/7) were the most common symptoms in the first-episode. Meanwhile, patients also presented symptoms associated with POEMS syndrome, including multiple peripheral neuropathy (7/7), multiserosal cavity effusion (6/7), organomegaly (5/7), skin changes (5/7), and endocrine lesions (4/7). Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly increased in all patients. The pulmonary arterial systolic blood pressure was (66±21)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) estimated by echocardiography. Six patients underwent right heart catheterization and significantly increased mean pulmonary artery pressure((35±9) mmHg) was confirmed; and their pulmonary vascular resistance was (4.00±2.10) Wood U. All patients received corresponding treatment for POEMS syndrome. The excise tolerance was improved in 5 patients after successful treatment with stable or reversed WHO functional class. One patient received hemodialysis treatment for uncontrolled POEMS. One patient died during follow-up. The echocardiography was followed up in 4 patients, and 2 of whom had a complete reversal of PH, 1 had a partial reversal, and 1 had not yet reversed.Conclusions:In patients with PH who have multisystem manifestations, such as multiple peripheral neuropathy, multiserosal cavity effusion, organomegaly and skin changes, POEMS syndrome should be considered, and proper and active treatment of POEMS may reverse PH and improve the prognosis of patients.

In 2022,breast cancer ranks the first in incidence among all malignant tumors worldwide,and it's high recurrence and fatality rate has posed serious threat to human life and health.Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is known for its poor prognosis among all types of breast cancer,and is often associated with elevated expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).EGFR is widely expressed on the surface of various cells.The signaling pathway mediated by EGFR is mainly involved in cell growth,proliferation and differentiation.EGFR overexpression is often closely related to tumor invasion,metastasis and prognosis.Therefore,elucidating the roles of EGFR in TNBC and developing prevention and treatment strategies correspondingly are helpful to prevent and control the occurrence of breast cancer,and improve patients'quality of life.This review summarizes the research progress in the roles of EGFR,the treatment strategies and drug resistance in TNBC,in order to provide more refence for treating and improving the prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of different optimization algorithms on accurate reconstruction of traffic accidents. Methods Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II ( NSGA-II), neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm (NCGA) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) were used to optimize the multi-rigid body dynamic reconstruction of a real case. The effects of different optimization algorithms on convergence speed and optimal approximate solution were studied. The optimal initial impact parameters were simulated as boundary conditions of finite element method, and the simulated results were compared with the actual injuries. Results NCGA had a faster convergence speed and a better result in optimization process. The kinematic response of pedestrian vehicle collision reconstructed by the optimal approximate solution was consistent with the surveillance video. The prediction of craniocerebral injury was basically consistent with the cadaver examination. Conclusions The combination of optimization algorithm, rigid multibody and finite element method can complete the accurate reconstruction of traffic accidents and reduce the influence of human factors.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic results between axis pedicle screwing assisted by intraoperative 3-D navigation and freehand axis pedicle screwing in the treatment of Hangman fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the 64 patients with Hangman fracture who had received posterior axis pedicle screwing at Department of Spinal Surgery, The Sixth Hospital of Ningbo from May 2014 to December 2019. According to the placement methods of axis pedicle screws, they were divided into a navigation group ( n=34, subjected to axis pedicle screwing assisted by intraoperative 3-D navigation) and a freehand group ( n=30, subjected to freehand axis pedicle screwing). Pedicle screw placement time, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, fluoroscopy time, hospital stay, total hospitalization cost and complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. The accuracy of axis pedicle screw placement was evaluated according to the postoperative cervical CT and screw grading criteria proposed by Park et al. At admission, 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up, neurological function of the patients was evaluated by modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score, neck pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), and C2/3 vertebral body angulation and C2 forward displacement were measured. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by Moon grading at the last follow-up. Results:The navigation group and the freehand group were comparable due to insignificant differences between them in the preoperative general data ( P>0.05). The accuracy of screw placement in the navigation group (98.2%, 54/55) was significantly higher than that in the freehand group (85.2%, 46/54) ( P<0.05). The screw placement time, operation time, fluoroscopy time and total hospitalization cost in the navigation group were significantly more than those in the freehand group ( P<0.05). Vertebral artery injury occurred in 3 cases in the freehand group. Screw loosening, screw breakage or rod breakage occurred in none of the patients after operation. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay or follow-up time ( P>0.05). In both groups, the VAS score, mJOA score, C2/3 vertebral body angulation and C2 forward displacement were significantly improved at 3 months postoperation and the last follow-up compared with those at admission ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the contemporary comparisons ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, Moon grading in the navigation group was significantly better than that in the freehand group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of Hangman fracture, compared with freehand screw placement, axis pedicle screwing assisted by intraoperative 3-D navigation can improve accuracy and safety of screw placement and reduce postoperative complications, leading to better clinical efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the role of signal lymphocyte activating molecule family member 5 (SLAMF5) in liver transplantation rejection in SD rats.Methods:Forty-five male SD rats without special pathogens, weight 260-300 g, aged 10-12 weeks were included. Among them, forty male SD rats (20 donors and 20 recipients respectively) were established with reference to the " two cuff" method. 15 liver transplantation model rats were randomly divided into 1 week (LT-1W) group, 2 weeks (LT-2W) group and 3 weeks (LT-3W) group, with 5 rats in each group, and 5 normal rats were taken as the normal control group. The expressions of SLAMF5, CD4 and CD8 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The correlations between SLAMF5 expression in the lymphocyte infiltration area and the rejection activity index was analyzed.Results:The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were significantly higher in LT-1W group, LT-2W group and LT-3W group than those in the normal control group (all P<0.05). PCR results showed that the relative expression of SLAMF5 mRNA were (5.44±1.11), (4.69±1.12), (2.18±0.68) respectively, which were increased in LT-1W group, LT-2W group and LT-3W group than those in normal control group (1.01±0.23), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that SLAMF5 and CD4, CD8 positive T cells were mainly distributed in the portal area, hepatic lobule area and around the proliferative bile duct, and there was a certain overlap. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the expression of SLAMF5 in the lymphocyte infiltration area and the rejection activity index ( r=0.519, P=0.048). Conclusion:The expression of SLAMF5 is increased after liver transplantation in SD rats, and there is a correlation between SLAMF5 expression and liver transplantation rejection in rats.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty.Methods:Sixty patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in Tonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2018 to June 2019 were included in this study. They were randomized as odd numbers to the control group ( n = 30) and even numbers to the observation group ( n = 30). The control group was treated with conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group was subjected to integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the concept of ERAS in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty. The perioperative pain, related complications, hospitalization expenses and length of hospital stay were recorded in each group. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain and range of motion of the knee joint. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was also measured to evaluate the curative effects. Results:At 3 and 7 days, 2 and 6 weeks after surgery, knee range of motion score was (63.40 ± 2.80) points, (86.20 ± 4.40) points, (90.30 ± 6.48) points, (100.5 ± 3.39) points, respectively, and at 6 weeks after surgery, HSS knee score was (89.40 ± 5.18) points, in the observation group, which were significantly higher those in the control group [(48.50 ± 4.20) points, (55.40 ± 3.58) points, (77.50 ± 4.38) points, (87.60 ± 4.58) points, (70.50 ± 6.44) points, t = 0.029, 0.013, 0.032, 0.039, 0.042, all P < 0.05]. In the observation group, the VAS score in resting state at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery were (3.62 ± 0.40) points, (2.41± 0.52) points, (2.05 ± 0.62) points, (1.93 ± 0.28) points respectively, and the VAS score in active state at 24 and 48 hours were (2.15 ± 0.21) points and (1.71 ± 0.39) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(5.71 ± 0.63) points, (4.60 ± 0.31) points, (3.84 ± 0.22) points, (3.30 ± 0.21) points, (5.50 ± 0.49) points, (4.80 ± 0.21) points, t = 0.040, 0.035, 0.046, 0.042, 0.027, 0.024, all P < 0.05]. The proportions of patients experiencing postoperative urinary retention, mental disorder, or blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses in the observation group were lower or shorter than those in the control group ( χ2 = 0.003, 0.005, 0.017, t = 0.040, 0.048, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the concept of ERAS can mitigate postoperative pain, reduce perioperative complications, and promote the recovery of knee joint function, and thereby deserves clinical application.

Objective:To investigate a 3D method of radiological evaluation of extra-articular scapular fracture and the treatment outcomes.Methods:A total of 19 patients with extra-articular scapular fracture were operatively treated and completely followed up at Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2014 to January 2020. They were 17 males and 2 females with an average age of 41 years (from 24 to 65 years). The medial-lateral displacement, antero-posterior angulation and glenopolar angle were measured on images of 3D reconstruction of the fractured scapulae by Mimics software. 3D reconstructions of the intact scapulae were made as controls in the patients with proximal humerus fracture matched in time and age (17 males and 2 females with an average age of 41 years). Operations were carried out via the modified Judet approach in the experimental group. The treatment outcomes in the experimental group were evaluated by the Constant-Murley absolute value scoring at 6 months after operation.Results:All the patients in the experimental group obtained a mean follow-up of 48 months (from 11 to 73 months). All fractures in the experimental group acquired anatomical reduction and fixation intraoperatively and bony union within 6 months after operation. In the experimental group, the medial-lateral displacement averaged 17.9 mm and the antero-posterior angulation 26.9° before operation while the anteflexion lifting angle 162.2°, the lateral external rotation 41.6°, and the Constant-Murley absolute value scores 93.2 points at 6 months after operation. Pre-operatively, the glenopolar angles were 34.4°±6.3° and 40.6°±6.6° for the experimental and control groups respectively, showing a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, the glenopolar angle was 38.4°±5.0° for the experimental group, showing a significant difference between pre- and post-operation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:3D reconstruction measurements with Mimics software help accurate characterization of extra-articular scapular fracture and evaluation of surgical indications. Open reduction and internal fixation of scapular fractures via the modified Judet approach may promise a satisfactory union rate and functional outcomes.

Objective:To analyze the treatment of scapular glenoid fractures via the modified Judet approach.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 25 patients who had been treated for scapular glenoid fractures via the modified Judet approach and completely followed up at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2014 to January 2020. They were 19 males and 6 females with an average age of 46 years (from 29 to 66 years). According to the Goss-Ideberg classification, 8 cases were diagnosed as type Ⅱ, 2 cases as type Ⅳ, 10 cases as type Ⅴ and 5 cases as type Ⅵ. 3D reconstruction of the CT scans by software Mimics 16.0 was made to confirm the diagnoses and classifications of the fractures. Articular step-off and displacement of the scapular glenoid were calculated and recorded. The functional outcomes were evaluated by Constant-Murley scoring system at 6 months postoperatively.Results:Preoperatively, the mean articular step-off was 5.8 mm (from 1.2 to 6.3 mm) and the mean displacement 7.7 mm (from 2.1 to 12.9 mm). All fractures obtained bony union within postoperative 6 months. The mean follow-up period was 58.8 months (from 7 to 92 months). The forward flexion was 158.6° (from 125° to 180°) and the external rotation 39.0° (from 30° to 45°) at 6 months postoperatively. The mean Constant-Murley score was 92.6 (from 75 to 100) at 6 months post-operatively; 19 cases were excellent (76%), 5 were good (20%) and one was fair (4%), giving an excellent to good rate of 96% (24/25).Conclusion:For scapular glenoid fractures of Goss-Ideberg types Ⅱ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ, surgery via the modified Judet approach may promise satisfactory reduction and fixation and fine clinical outcomes.