Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)and conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis.Methods Articles on factors influencing olfactory dysfunction in PD were retrieved from databases including SinoMed,VIP,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and MEDLINE.The search period spanned from the inception of each database to November 30,2024.Results A total of 13 articles(with a total sample size of 2465)were included,with a total of 18 influencing factors summarized as two themes:core features and progression factors of PD,and individual background and environmental interaction factors.Meta-analysis showed that age(MD=1.01,95％CI:-0.46-2.49,P=0.18),smoking(OR=0.88,95％CI:0.57-1.37,P=0.57),and constipation(OR=1.22,95％CI:0.38-3.93,P=0.74)were not factors affecting olfactory dysfunction in PD patients.Conclusion Factors influencing olfactory dysfunction in PD are predominantly associated with non-motor symptoms.Intervention strategies targeting non-motor symptoms(such as improving sleep quality,vitamin D supplementation,and early cognitive training)may provide novel approaches for delaying the progression of olfactory dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Xining City, Qinghai Province.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to divide 7 counties (districts) under the jurisdiction of Xining City, Qinghai Province into 5 sampling areas according to east, west, south, north, and center each year. One township (town, street) was selected from each area. Forty non boarding students aged 8 to 10 from each primary school (half male and half female, age balanced) and 20 pregnant women from each township (town, street) location were selected to collect edible salt samples at home and a random urine sample to measure salt iodine and urinary iodine level. B-ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in children and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:A total of 6 534 samples of household edible salt were collected from children and pregnant women, with an average salt iodine concentration of 25.58 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.50% (6 371/6 534), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 89.46% (5 845/6 534). A total of 4 362 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine level of 183.10 μg/L. The difference between different years was statistically significant ( H = 20.27, P < 0.001). A total of 2 169 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, with a median urinary iodine level of 168.90 μg/L. The difference between different years was statistically significant ( H = 107.09, P < 0.001). A total of 3 336 cases of thyroid gland examination were conducted in children, including 33 cases of thyroid enlargement, with a goiter rate of 0.99%. There was a statistically significant difference between different years (χ 2 = 15.00, P < 0.001). Conclusion:From 2019 to 2021, children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women in Xining City are at an appropriate level of iodine, and the achievements in prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders still need to be continuously consolidated.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of hypertension complicated with heart failure.Methods:This retrospective study included 159 patients with hypertension and heart failure who were admitted to our hospital from Jan 2022 to Sep 2023 and treated with sacubitril/valsartan.Based on whether the treatment was discontinued,the patients were divided into the discontinuation group(58 cases)and the non-discontinuation group(101 cases).The baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared,and changes in blood pressure,cardiac ultrasound parameters,and serum biomarkers before and after treatment were analyzed in 101 patients undergoing continuous treatment.Results:There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(P＞0.05).After 12 months of continuous treatment,systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased(P＜0.01),left atrial diameter,left ventricular end-systolic diameter,and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter were significantly reduced,left ventricular ejection fraction significantly improved(P＜0.01),and NT-proBNP level significantly decreased(P＜0.01).In the discontinuation group,65.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions,mainly including renal function deterioration(24.1%),hypotension(20.7%),and hyperkalemia(10.3%).The readmission rate in the discontinuation group was higher than that in the non-discontinuation group(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Sacubitril/valsartan effectively improves blood pressure control and cardiac function in patients with hypertension combined with heart failure.However,the risk of adverse reactions in specific high-risk populations warrants close monitoring in clinical practice.

Objective: To explore the effects of sleep on subsequent day physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents, so as to provide a reference for refining PA intervention strategies and further investigating their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Through searching databases including Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP cross sectional, cohort and experimental studies on sleep and subsequent day PA among children and adolescents were identified, with the searching period spanning from database inception to June, 2025. Based on the characteristics of the included literature, two sleep variables[sleep duration (SD) and sleep efficiency (SE)] and three physical activity variables[moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and total physical activity (TPA)] were selected. The relationship between these two types of variables was analyzed for pooled effect sizes using Stata 17.0. Results: A total of 14 studies were included, with 64.3% published in 2018 or later, involving 11 361 children and adolescents from 17 countries. Meta analysis results showed that both SD ( ES=0.04, 95%CI =0.01-0.07) and SE ( ES=0.24, 95%CI =0.01-0.47) were positively correlated with subsequent day MVPA (both P <0.05). However, no statistically significant associations were found with LPA ( ES=-0.04, 95%CI =-0.13 to 0.06; ES=-0.02, 95%CI =-0.15 to 0.11) or TPA( ES=0.09, 95%CI =-0.02 to 0.20; ES=0.02, 95%CI = -0.03 to 0.06)(all P >0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that in the "≤6 years" subgroup, SD and SE were positively correlated with TPA ( ES=0.22, 95%CI =0.09-0.35) and MVPA ( ES=1.19, 95%CI =1.06-1.32), respectively; in the "6-12 years" subgroup, SD was positively correlated with MVPA ( ES=0.05, 95%CI =0.02-0.08); in the "≥12 years" subgroup, SE was positively correlated with LPA ( ES=0.08, 95%CI =0.00-0.16), while SD was negatively correlated with LPA ( ES=-0.23, 95%CI = -0.31 to -0.16) (all P <0.05). Conclusion Adequate SD and good SE can effectively enhance subsequent day MVPA among children and adolescents, although these sleep effects vary by age group.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)and conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis.Methods Articles on factors influencing olfactory dysfunction in PD were retrieved from databases including SinoMed,VIP,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and MEDLINE.The search period spanned from the inception of each database to November 30,2024.Results A total of 13 articles(with a total sample size of 2465)were included,with a total of 18 influencing factors summarized as two themes:core features and progression factors of PD,and individual background and environmental interaction factors.Meta-analysis showed that age(MD=1.01,95％CI:-0.46-2.49,P=0.18),smoking(OR=0.88,95％CI:0.57-1.37,P=0.57),and constipation(OR=1.22,95％CI:0.38-3.93,P=0.74)were not factors affecting olfactory dysfunction in PD patients.Conclusion Factors influencing olfactory dysfunction in PD are predominantly associated with non-motor symptoms.Intervention strategies targeting non-motor symptoms(such as improving sleep quality,vitamin D supplementation,and early cognitive training)may provide novel approaches for delaying the progression of olfactory dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Xining City, Qinghai Province.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to divide 7 counties (districts) under the jurisdiction of Xining City, Qinghai Province into 5 sampling areas according to east, west, south, north, and center each year. One township (town, street) was selected from each area. Forty non boarding students aged 8 to 10 from each primary school (half male and half female, age balanced) and 20 pregnant women from each township (town, street) location were selected to collect edible salt samples at home and a random urine sample to measure salt iodine and urinary iodine level. B-ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in children and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:A total of 6 534 samples of household edible salt were collected from children and pregnant women, with an average salt iodine concentration of 25.58 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.50% (6 371/6 534), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 89.46% (5 845/6 534). A total of 4 362 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine level of 183.10 μg/L. The difference between different years was statistically significant ( H = 20.27, P < 0.001). A total of 2 169 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, with a median urinary iodine level of 168.90 μg/L. The difference between different years was statistically significant ( H = 107.09, P < 0.001). A total of 3 336 cases of thyroid gland examination were conducted in children, including 33 cases of thyroid enlargement, with a goiter rate of 0.99%. There was a statistically significant difference between different years (χ 2 = 15.00, P < 0.001). Conclusion:From 2019 to 2021, children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women in Xining City are at an appropriate level of iodine, and the achievements in prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders still need to be continuously consolidated.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of hypertension complicated with heart failure.Methods:This retrospective study included 159 patients with hypertension and heart failure who were admitted to our hospital from Jan 2022 to Sep 2023 and treated with sacubitril/valsartan.Based on whether the treatment was discontinued,the patients were divided into the discontinuation group(58 cases)and the non-discontinuation group(101 cases).The baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared,and changes in blood pressure,cardiac ultrasound parameters,and serum biomarkers before and after treatment were analyzed in 101 patients undergoing continuous treatment.Results:There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(P＞0.05).After 12 months of continuous treatment,systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased(P＜0.01),left atrial diameter,left ventricular end-systolic diameter,and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter were significantly reduced,left ventricular ejection fraction significantly improved(P＜0.01),and NT-proBNP level significantly decreased(P＜0.01).In the discontinuation group,65.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions,mainly including renal function deterioration(24.1%),hypotension(20.7%),and hyperkalemia(10.3%).The readmission rate in the discontinuation group was higher than that in the non-discontinuation group(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Sacubitril/valsartan effectively improves blood pressure control and cardiac function in patients with hypertension combined with heart failure.However,the risk of adverse reactions in specific high-risk populations warrants close monitoring in clinical practice.

Objective:To construct the liver organoid infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV), and to investigate the role of the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor inhibitor bulevirtide in inhibiting viral replication.Methods:Hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were seeded onto inverted colloidal crystal polyethylene glycol scaffolds (ICC) to construct liver organoids. After transfecting human hepatocelluar carcinoma cells (HuH7 cells) with plasmids, HDV particles were harvested from the supernatant, while HBV particles were extracted from the HepG2.2.15 cell supernatant. The liver organoids were infected with both HBV and HDV particles, and the negative control group without HDV infection was set up. The microstructure of the liver organoid units and the expression of hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were observed under laser scanning confocal microscope by immunofluorescence method. The protein levels of NTCP and HDAg in the liver organoids were detected by Western blotting. Bulevirtide was added before HDV infection (bulevirtide pre group) and 24 hours after infection (bulevirtide post group), and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) was also added after 24 hours infection (IFN-α group), and a control group without drug treatment was set up. HDV replication was compared among the four groups after drug intervention. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the relative mRNA expression levels of Nanog homeobox (NANOG), sex determining region Y-box (SOX)2, SOX17, forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α), albumin (ALB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), NTCP during the differentiation of iPSC, and the mRNA expression of HDV after the drug intervention of the four groups. Statistical analysis was performed using two independent sample t tests. Results:Within 21 days of the differentiation of iPSC into HLC, the mRNA expression level of NANOG gradually decreased, while the expression levels of SOX17, FOXA2 initially increased then decreased, and the expression levels of the HNF-4α, ALB, AFP and NTCP progressively increased. The protein level of NTCP in iPSC (0.118±0.003) was lower than that in HLC (1.315±0.073), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=11.92, P<0.001).The protein level of HDAg in the liver organoids after HDV infection was higher than that in the negative control group without HDV infection (1.284±0.128 vs 0.157±0.040), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=23.27, P<0.001).Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed three-dimensional spheroid structures and high expressions of HDAg and HBsAg at the 14th day of infection.Compared with the control group (1.000±0.077), the HDV mRNA expressions in both IFN-α group (0.453±0.028) and bulevirtide pre group (0.136±0.012) decreased after three days of drug intervention. The differences were statistically significant ( t=19.95 and 33.15, respectively, both P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in HDV mRNA expressions between the bulevirtide post group (0.968±0.069) and the control group ( t=0.94, P>0.05). Conclusions:The liver organoids constructed from iPSC-derived HLC and ICC can simulate human liver functions and successfully be infected by HDV particles. Early blockade with bulevirtide can effectively reduce the level of viral replication in the HDV-infected liver organoids.