Objective To review the characteristics of Rhizopus microsporus infection for better awareness of the disease.Methods One case of pneumonia caused by R.microsporus was reported in a 66-year-old male patient.Similar reports on infections caused by R.microsporus were retrieved in PubMed and CNKI databases since 2013.The characteristics of patients with R.microsporus infection were reviewed.Results This case involves a 66-year-old male patient presenting with a 10-day history of cough,sputum production,and hemoptysis.The patient had a previous history of diabetes mellitus.Pulmonary CT scan revealed an irregular soft tissue density mass in the right lower lobe and pneumonia.The clinical presentation and laboratory findings were consistent with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by R.microsporus.R.microsporus was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture.The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B followed by oral posaconazole for antifungal therapy,and achieved a favorable prognosis.A total of 24 cases(18 males,5 females,1 unknown)of R.microsporus infection were reviewed(including this one).The specific site of infection included pulmonary infection(n=10),ocular infection(n=1),skin tuberculosis(n=1),splenic abscess(n=1),oral mucositis(n=1),gouty arthritis(n=1),esophageal ulceration(n=1),abdominal infection(n=1),and others(n=7).The clinical symptoms varied with the organs involved.Majority of the patients(n=11)were cured by surgery combined with antimicrobial therapy.Overall,13 patients died.Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of R.microsporus infection in case of pulmonary infection,especially those with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To review the characteristics of Rhizopus microsporus infection for better awareness of the disease.Methods One case of pneumonia caused by R.microsporus was reported in a 66-year-old male patient.Similar reports on infections caused by R.microsporus were retrieved in PubMed and CNKI databases since 2013.The characteristics of patients with R.microsporus infection were reviewed.Results This case involves a 66-year-old male patient presenting with a 10-day history of cough,sputum production,and hemoptysis.The patient had a previous history of diabetes mellitus.Pulmonary CT scan revealed an irregular soft tissue density mass in the right lower lobe and pneumonia.The clinical presentation and laboratory findings were consistent with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by R.microsporus.R.microsporus was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture.The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B followed by oral posaconazole for antifungal therapy,and achieved a favorable prognosis.A total of 24 cases(18 males,5 females,1 unknown)of R.microsporus infection were reviewed(including this one).The specific site of infection included pulmonary infection(n=10),ocular infection(n=1),skin tuberculosis(n=1),splenic abscess(n=1),oral mucositis(n=1),gouty arthritis(n=1),esophageal ulceration(n=1),abdominal infection(n=1),and others(n=7).The clinical symptoms varied with the organs involved.Majority of the patients(n=11)were cured by surgery combined with antimicrobial therapy.Overall,13 patients died.Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of R.microsporus infection in case of pulmonary infection,especially those with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of NDUFA13 protein against acute liver injury and liver fibrosis in mice and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods BALB/C mice(7 to 8 weeks old)were divided into normal group,CCl4 group,CCl4+AAV-NC group and CCl4+AAV-NDU13 group(n=18).Mouse models of liver fibrosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice a week for 3,5 or 7 weeks,and the recombinant virus AAV8-TBG-NC or AAV8-TBG-NDUFA13 was injected via the tail vein 7-10 days prior to CCl4 injection.After the treatments,pathological changes in the liver of the mice were observed using HE and Masson staining.Hepatic expression levels of NDUFA13 and α-SMA were detected with Western blotting,and the coexpression of NDUFA13 and NLRP3,TNF-α and IL-1β,and α-SMA and collagen Ⅲ was analyzed with immunofluorescence assay.Results HE and Masson staining showed deranged liver architecture,necrotic hepatocytes and obvious inflammatory infiltration and collagen fiber deposition in mice with CCl4 injection(P<0.001).NDUFA13 expression markedly decreased in CCl4-treated mice(P<0.001),while a significant reduction in inflammatory aggregation and fibrosis was observed in mice with AAV-mediated NDUFA13 overexpression(P<0.001).In CCl4+AAV-NDU13 group,immunofluorescence assay revealed markedly weakened activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes(P<0.001),significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β secretion(P<0.001),and inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation(P<0.05)and collagen formation in the liver(P<0.001).Conclusion Mitochondrial NDUFA13 overexpression in hepatocytes protects against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting activation of NLRP3 signaling.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of NDUFA13 protein against acute liver injury and liver fibrosis in mice and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods BALB/C mice(7 to 8 weeks old)were divided into normal group,CCl4 group,CCl4+AAV-NC group and CCl4+AAV-NDU13 group(n=18).Mouse models of liver fibrosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice a week for 3,5 or 7 weeks,and the recombinant virus AAV8-TBG-NC or AAV8-TBG-NDUFA13 was injected via the tail vein 7-10 days prior to CCl4 injection.After the treatments,pathological changes in the liver of the mice were observed using HE and Masson staining.Hepatic expression levels of NDUFA13 and α-SMA were detected with Western blotting,and the coexpression of NDUFA13 and NLRP3,TNF-α and IL-1β,and α-SMA and collagen Ⅲ was analyzed with immunofluorescence assay.Results HE and Masson staining showed deranged liver architecture,necrotic hepatocytes and obvious inflammatory infiltration and collagen fiber deposition in mice with CCl4 injection(P<0.001).NDUFA13 expression markedly decreased in CCl4-treated mice(P<0.001),while a significant reduction in inflammatory aggregation and fibrosis was observed in mice with AAV-mediated NDUFA13 overexpression(P<0.001).In CCl4+AAV-NDU13 group,immunofluorescence assay revealed markedly weakened activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes(P<0.001),significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β secretion(P<0.001),and inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation(P<0.05)and collagen formation in the liver(P<0.001).Conclusion Mitochondrial NDUFA13 overexpression in hepatocytes protects against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting activation of NLRP3 signaling.

Objective To compare the effects of two exercise intensities on metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods Forty-nine MS patients hospitalized in Taiyuan Central Hospital from December,2022 to January 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups:a standard group(n=24)and individual group(n=25).All patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET)before and after treatment,collecting major indexes including body parameter,body component,and metabolic indicator for prescribing exercise programs.The standard group was trained with exercise intensity prescribed on heart rate reserve,while the individual group received the exercise with intensity prescribed on ventilatory threshold.Both groups received equal energy consumption exercise intervention with the same exercise frequency for 12 weeks.Results The two groups demonstrated significant improvements in waist circumference(WC),body mass index(BMI),body fat related indexes,and systolic blood pressure after intervention(P<0.05).The individual group showed significant improvements inWC,BMI and body fat related indexes as compared to the standard group(P<0.05).Both groups showed significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake,(PeakVO2),peak load power(Peak WR),peak metabolic equivalent(PeakMets),and peak respiratory exchange ratio(Peak RER)after intervention(P<0.05).The individual group presented significant improvements in peak heart rate(HRpeak),peak oxygen pulse(Peak VO2/HR),and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)(P<0.05)after intervention.Before intervention,the standard group demonstrated significantly higher levels in PeakVO2 and Peak MET compared to the individual group(P<0.05),but after intervention the two groups showed no significant differences in the two indexes.After the intervention,the individual group demonstrated insignificant improvements in all indexes compared to the standard group(P>0.05).Conclusions Both exercise prescriptions based on CPET can effectively improve the health-related indicators of MS patients on condition of moderate exercise intensity.However,the program prescribed based on individualized ventilatory threshold shows superiority to the program prescribed based on maximum physiological value in improving these indicators.

Patients with metabolic syndrome(MS)are at potential risk for cardiovascular disease and have received increasing public and medical attention.Studies have shown that regular physical exercise can effectively regulate meta-bolic indicators such as blood pressure,blood sugar and blood lipids,and play a positive role in reducing the risk of cardio-vascular disease and improving the prognosis of patients.Exercise intensity has been identified as the most important as-pect in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in exercise intervention.Therefore,the design of exercise prescription which is both scientific and satisfying individual differences has become the focus of research.Most of the current clinical studies are based on the percentage of exercise intensity as the basis for the formulation of standard-ized exercise prescription for MS patients,while the studies on the individualized threshold of exercise intensity based on cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET)are still few.CPET has shown that individualized exercise prescription can effec-tively reduce body composition index,blood pressure and blood glucose,improve cardiorespiratory function,exercise en-durance and quality of life in MS patients.This paper reviewed the development of individualized exercise programs with different intensification according to threshold indexes in CPET,analyzed the intervention effects and possible mechanisms for MS patients and subgroups,and provided certain reference for the formulation and implementation of personalized exer-cise prescriptions for MS patients,and also provided references for in-depth research on individualized exercise intervention for MS.

Objective:To analyze the influential factors of blurred vision after general anesthesia.Methods:The clinical data of 997 patients who underwent elective general anesthesia at The No. 1 People's Hospital of Pinghu from September 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The data collected included age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, operation duration (specifically whether it exceeded 3 hours), surgical position (whether the patient was in the supine position), operating room temperature, use of penehyclidine hydrochloride, use of muscle relaxant antagonists, use of atropine, blood pressure (specifically whether it was ≥ 30% of the baseline value), fluid input, blood loss, and use of pneumoperitoneum. Collinearity diagnosis and univariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to select factors with statistical significance. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age > 65 years ( OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01-2.15, P = 0.043), surgical position (non-supine position) ( OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.25, P = 0.025), operation time exceeding 3 hours ( OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.05-2.94, P = 0.031), and the use of penehyclidine hydrochloride ( OR = 4.91, 95% CI: 3.35-7.21, P < 0.001) were identified as factors contributing to postoperative blurred vision in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Conclusion:Factors contributing to postoperative blurred vision in patients undergoing general anesthesia include age > 65 years, the use of penehyclidine hydrochloride during surgery, operation time exceeding 3 hours, and non-supine surgical position. Clinically, it is essential to implement early and effective preoperative education, enhance intraoperative nursing quality, and optimize preoperative medication for general anesthesia to reduce the incidence of blurred vision after surgery.

To understand the pathogenicity,virulence genes,drug resistance genes,and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from yaks in some areas of Lhasa and Nagqu City,55 yak nasal swab samples were analyzed for S.aureus in this study.The cocci were isolated and identified,and the carriage of virulence genes and drug resistance genes,as well as the pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of the isolated S.aureus strains,were detected with PCR,artificially infected mice,and the K-B drug susceptibility disk method.Seven strains of S.aureus were isolated from the 55 yak nasal swab samples,with an iso-lation rate of 12.73％.The isolated strains were all pathogenic to mice,with a fatality rate exceeding 60％.These seven strains of S.aureus carried three drug resistance genes(tetM,tet,and mecA)and six virulence genes(seb,sec,clfA,hla,hlb,and nuc).The detection rate of the three drug resistance genes was 100％,whereas the detection rate of the six virulence genes in the isolates ranged from 83.33％to 100％.The resistance rates of the isolated strains to penicillin,ampicillin,and cotrimox-azole reached 85.71％-100％,whereas the resistance rates to tetracycline and ceftazidime were both 28.57％.Thus,yaks in Lhasa and Nagqu cities were found to be infected by S.aureus strains carrying various drug-resistance genes and virulence genes.These strains were highly pathogenic and showed sensi-tivity to most antibacterial drugs.These findings may serve as a reference for treating S.aureus infection in yaks in the cities of Lhasa and Nagqu.

Objective To use the cognitive reinforcement comprehensive intervention program constructed by our team to intervene in patients with spinal cord injury and evaluate its clinical application effect.Methods A non-randomized trial design was adopted to select 97 patients with spinal cord injury from November 2021 to September 2022.Forty-four patients from March to September 2022 in a Grade A hospital in Hefei City were included in the experimental group,and 53 patients from November 2021 to February 2022 were included in the control group.The cognitive reinforcement comprehensive intervention program was used to intervene in the experimental group,and the conventional rehabilitation nursing was used to intervene in the control group.The intervention lasted for 12 weeks in both groups.The Changsha Montreal Scale,Social Support Rating Scale,Rehabilitation Exercise Self-efficacy Scale,Spinal Cord Injury Independence Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were used to measure the two groups before intervention,1 month after intervention and 3 months after intervention.Results 40 cases in the experimental group and 48 cases in the control group completed the study.Repeated measurement ANOVA showed that the temporal,interactive and intergroup effects of cognitive function scores and anxiety scores were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The time effect and interaction effect of the subjective support dimension score,coping self-efficacy dimension score of the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).One month after the intervention,the cognitive function scores of test group were higher than before intervention and control group,and the anxiety scores were lower than before intervention and control group(P＜0.05).Three months after the intervention,the scores of cognitive function,subjective support dimension and coping self-efficacy dimension of experimental group were higher than those before intervention and control group,and the scores of anxiety level were lower than those before intervention and control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive intervention of cognitive reinforcement can improve the cognitive function of patients with spinal cord injury,delay the process of cognitive impairment,enhance self-confidence,relieve anxiety,and promote physical and mental rehabilitation of patients.

BACKGROUND: Although newly formed constructs of feasible pressure-preadjusted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) showed biomechanical flexibility and superior capacity for cartilage regeneration, it is still not very clear how BMSCs and seed cells feel mechanical stimuli and convert them into biological signals, and the difference in signal transduction underlying mechanical and chemical cues is also unclear. METHODS: To determine whether mechanical stimulation (hydrostatic pressure) and chemical cues (platelet-rich fibrin, PRF) activate canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs, BMSCs cocultured with PRF were subjected to hydrostatic pressure loading, and the activation of the Wnt signaling molecules and expression of cartilage-associated proteins and genes were determined by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inhibitors of canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling, XVX-939 or L690,330, were adopted to investigate the role of Wnt signaling molecules in mechanically promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RESULTS: Hydrostatic pressure of 120 kPa activated both Wnt/b-catenin signaling and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling, with the the maximum promotion effect at 60 min. PRF exerted no synergistic effect on Wnt/b-catenin signaling activation. However, the growth factors released by PRF might reverse the promotion effects of pressure on Wnt/Ca2+ signaling. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that pressure could activate the expression of Col-II, Sox9, and aggrecan in BMSCs cocultured with PRF. Blocking experiment found a positive role of Wnt/b-catenin signaling, and a negative role of Wnt/ Ca2+ signaling in chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. Mutual inhibition exists between canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs under pressure. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling participates in the pressure-promoted chondrogenesis of the BMSCs co-cultured with PRF, with canonical and noncanonical pathways playing distinct roles during the process.