Objective To investigate the current situation and health effects of indoor microbial pollution in Xi'an, to analyze the purification effect of air purifiers on indoor microbial pollution, and to provide reference for improving the indoor environment. Methods Through stratified random sampling, 20 families from rural areas and 20 families from upwind and downwind urban areas respectively were selected from Xi'an. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys and on-site environmental sampling. Non-parametric analysis and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results Overall, the standard-exceeding rate of total count of bacteria was 5.00%. The medians of the total count of bacteria and fungi were 312.50 cfu/m3 and 260.00 cfu/m³, respectively. In terms of health effects, the correlation between rhinitis and cold with total bacterial count was statistically significant (P<0.05), with the correlation coefficients of 0.182 and 0.223, respectively. Purification effect of air purifiers on microbial pollution was statistically significant (P<0.05). After opening for 2 hours, the total numbers of bacteria and fungi decreased significantly. Conclusion The occurrence risk of colds and rhinitis is increased by indoor microbial pollution. Air purifiers have a certain effect on decreasing the total number of bacteria and fungi. It is recommended to use air purifiers with high CADR of particulate matter, double-layer filter and sterilization and dehumidification function, and replace the filters regularly to reduce indoor microbiological contamination.

ObjectiveTo review the characteristics of interbrain synchrony between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and healthy individuals during interactions. MethodsResearches on interbrain synchrony during interactions in individuals with ASD were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI in November, 2023. Researches were screened and the relevant data were extracted. The quality of the methodology was evaluated using critical appraisal tool for analytic cross sectional study. ResultsFive researches were returned, publicated mainly from 2020 to 2023, including 130 individuals with ASD. Interbrain synchrony was lower during the interaction task in the individuals with ASD compared with the healthy, mainly involving the prefrontal and temporo-parietal joint regions; as well as the interbrain synchrony of theta, alpha and beta bands of electroencephalography. There was difference in interbrain synchrony between genders in individuals with ASD; furthermore, abnormal interbrain synchrony in individuals with ASD associated with social impairment. ConclusionInterbrain synchrony deficits may be a potential neural mechanism for social impairment in individuals with ASD, and the abnormalities mainly happen in the brain areas related with mirror nervous system and theories of mind network.

【Objective】 To explore the effect of recovery autologous blood transfusion combined with bilateral internal iliac artery presetting in high-risk patients with hemorrhage during cesarean section. 【Methods】 A total of 162 high-risk patients with hemorrhage who underwent cesarean section from January 2021 to May 2023 in our hospital were prospectively selected and divided into in Groups A, B, and C with 54 cases in each group according to the indications for the method of transfusion. Group A received allogeneic blood transfusion, Group B received autologous blood transfusion, Group C received autologous blood transfusion combined with bilateral internal iliac artery balloon presetting. 【Results】 Intraoperative blood loss (mL) (1 600 vs 1 500 vs 800), postoperative hospital stay(d) (7 vs 7 vs 6) and operative time(min) (107 vs 104.50 vs 77) in group C were all lower than those in group A and B (P<0.05), with no difference between group A and B (P>0.05); The autologous blood transfusion volume(mL) in group C was lower than that in group B (525.5 vs 261, P<0.05). The proportion of allogeneic erythrocytes in group C was lower than that in group A (22.22% vs 100.00%, P<0.016 7). The proportion of plasma in group C was lower than that in groups A and B (18.50% vs 66.70%/18.50% vs 44.40%, P<0.016 7). The incidence of coagulating dysfunction in group C was lower than that in group A (7.41% vs 25.93%, P<0.016 7). The incidence of hysterectomy in group C was lower than that in group A (1.85% vs 16.67%, P<0.016 7), and there was no difference between group A and B (16.67% vs 11.11%, P>0.016 7). 【Conclusion】 Recovery autologous blood transfusion combined with bilateral internal iliac artery balloon presetting in cesarean section for high-risk patients with hemorrhage achieved ideal effects, which can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative autologous blood transfusion, allogeneic red blood cells and plasma transfusion, as well as the operation time and postoperative hospital stay. In addition, it can improve the coagulation function and hysterectomy, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of maternal and promoting early rehabilitation, and preserving the fertility of patients to a certain extent, which is worthy of further clinical promotion.

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the rule of confluence of the caudate lobe bile duct (CLD) into the left hepatic duct (LHD) and to discuss the protective strategy during left hemihepatectomy. Methods: MRI of 400 patients and T-tube angiography images of 100 patients were collected, and the imaging rules of the confluence of the CLD into the LHD were summarized. The clinical data of 33 patients who underwent left hemihepatectomy using the protective strategy were analyzed. Results: MRI and T-tube angiography images showed that the length from the confluence point of the CLD into the LHD to the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts was 1.19 ± 0.40 cm and 1.26 ± 0.39 cm, respectively. The average angle between the longitudinal axis of the 2 bile ducts was 68.27° ± 22.59° and 66.58 ± 22.88°, respectively. Coronal and cross-sectional images showed that inflow from the foot side to the cranial side was noted in 79.8% and 82.0% of patients, respectively, and inflow from the dorsal to the ventral side was observed in 84.5% and 88.0%, respectively. Based on these imaging rules, the safe transection length and plane were summarized, and the CLD was effectively protected in 33 cases of left hemihepatectomy. Conclusion In left hemihepatectomy, the LHD should be transected at least 1.5 cm away from the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts, and the plane of transection should be oblique to the dorsal side at an angle of 45° with the LHD, these parameters represent an effective strategy to protect the CLD.

Background and Objectives: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in vascular repair and predict cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between EPCs and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Methods: and Results: Patients (age 67±9.41 years) suffering from AAAs (aortic diameters 58.09±11.24 mm) were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients received endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and 14 days after surgery from patients with aortic aneurysms. Samples were also obtained from age-matched control subjects. Circulating EPCs were defined as those cells that were double positive for CD34 and CD309. Rat models of AAA formation were generated by the peri-adventitial elastase application of either saline solution (control; n=10), or porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE; n=14). The aortas were analyzed using an ultrasonic video system and immunohistochemistry. The levels of CD34＋/CD309＋ cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations were measured by flow cytometry. The baseline numbers of circulating EPCs (CD34＋/CD309＋) in the peripheral blood were significantly smaller in AAA patients compared with control subjects. The number of EPCs doubled by the 14th day after EVAR. A total of 78.57% of rats in the PPE group (11/14) formed AAAs (dilation ratio ＞150%). The numbers of EPCs from defined AAA rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions EPC levels may be useful for monitoring abdominal aorta aneurysms and rise after EVAR in patients with aortic aneurysms, and might contribute to the rapid endothelialization of vessels.

Objective:To comprehensively understand the operational status and existing problems of the neurosurgery professional training bases for standardized residency training in Guangdong Province.Methods:According to the scoring rules of "Standardized Residency Training Evaluation Indicators—Surgery (Neurosurgery) Professional Base" formulated by the Post-Graduation Medical Education Neurosurgery Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, 28 training bases were supervised and evaluated. The scoring results of the supervision of 28 neurosurgery training bases were collected, and the training bases were divided into two categories according to the traditional teaching history, 6 affiliated hospitals of traditional medical schools and 22 non-traditional affiliated/teaching hospitals. GraphPad 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the 14 core indicators, and t-test, variance analysis and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results:The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the compliance rate of 14 core indicators between traditional teaching hospitals and non-traditional teaching hospitals ( P = 0.003), skill operation and type and number of surgeries ( P = 0.041) and student rotation plan ( P = 0.012). The differences were also statistically significant. Conclusion:This study reveals that the comprehensive management ability of training bases in traditional teaching hospitals is significantly better than that in non-traditional teaching hospitals. Additionally, it's suggested to strengthen the construction of professional bases, enhance the institutionalized management of bases, and thus realize the homogenization training of neurosurgery residents.

Objective To investigate the indoor air quality in urban and rural areas in Xi'an, to analyze the relationship between indoor pollutants and living habits, and to study the impact of pollutants on health, so as to provide reference for improving indoor environment. Methods Through random cluster sampling, 29 families from rural areas and 53 families from urban areas were selected from Xi'an. Data was collected by questionnaire survey and on-site environmental sampling. Non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results Overall, the values of CO, NO₂, toluene and xylene in Xi'an were far lower than the national standards. The medians of CO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and formaldehyde were 0.1%, 44.5 μg/m³, 51.5 μg/m³, and 34.5 μg/m³, respectively. The differences in the values of CO, NO₂, formaldehyde, toluene and xylene in urban and rural areas were statistically significant (P<0.05), with all the values in urban areas being higher than those in rural areas. The detected values of formaldehyde, CO, and NO₂ were higher in families with humidifiers and potted plants (P<0.05). The results of CO and NO₂ were higher in families with pets (P<0.05). Analysis of the relationship between indoor pollution and health showed that the concentrations of PM₁₀, CO, and NO₂ were significantly correlated with children's sleep duration and colds (P<0.05). Conclusion The indoor air pollution in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas in Xi'an. It is suggested that residents should be cautious about the use of humidifiers, planting potted plants, and keeping pets, to reduce indoor air pollution and improve their health.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Galectin-1 in neuroblastoma(NB)tissues and the effects of down-regulating this gene on cell proliferation and invasion.Methods:A total of 62 cases of NB children who had complete data and were initially treated at the Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical College from January 2010 to January 2018 were enrolled.The expression of Galectin-1 protein in NB tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.NB cell line SH-SY5Y was cultured and divided into the siRNA-Gal1 group (with Galection-1 transfected interference sequence siRNA-Gal1), siRNA-NC group (negative control sequence siRNA-NC was transfected) and blank group(without any treatment). The expression of Galectin-1, cell proliferation activity, and cell migration and invasiveness in 3 groups were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay, respectively.Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Galectin-1, E-cadherin and Vimentin proteins in 3 groups.Results:Among 62 cases, the positive expression rate of Galectin-1 protein was 69.35%.The positive expression rates of Galectin-1 protein in cells with grade of clinicopathological indexes of International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage of Ⅲ-Ⅳ, cells at high risk and cells with bone metastasis (78.57%, 78.05% and 84.00%)were significantly different from stage of Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅳs, cells at low risk and cells without bone metastasis (50.00%, 52.38%, 59.46%) (all P<0.05). Compared with the siRNA-NC group and the blank group, the expression of Galectin-1 mRNA(0.23±0.06 vs.1.04±0.05 and 1.00±0.08)and protein(0.23±0.05 vs.0.86±0.06 and 0.84±0.05)in the siRNA-Gal1 group was significantly decreased(all P<0.05). The cell optical density(OD)values at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h in the siRNA-Gal1 group were significantly lower than those in the siRNA-NC group and the blank group(all P<0.05). Compared with the siRNA-NC group and the blank group, the siRNA-Gal1 group showed a significant decrease in cell migration(101.55±5.56 vs.137.24±5.14 and 132.76±7.46)and invasion(78.21±5.08 vs.114.46±7.31 and 120.06±6.47, all P<0.001). The expression level of Vimentin protein in the siRNA-Gal1 group was significantly lower than that in the siRNA-NC group and the blank group(0.24±0.03 vs.0.69±0.07 and 0.70±0.06)(all P<0.05), while the expression level of E-cadherin protein in the siRNA-Gal1 group was significantly higher than that in other 2 groups(0.77±0.09 vs.0.29±0.05 and 0.33±0.04)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive expression rate of Galectin-1 protein in NB tissues is 69.35%, which indicates that Galectin-1 might be involved in the malignant process of NB.Silencing the expression of Galectin-1 gene can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of NB cells, and the mechanism may be related the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective To explore the human papilomavirus(HPV)genotypes and epithelial thickness of invisible cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Ⅲ(CIN Ⅲ)under colposcopy. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine biopsies from 93 patients with a final diagnosis of CIN Ⅲwere extracted from the Shenzhen cervical cancer screening trialⅡ(SHENCCASTⅡ).The SHENCCASTⅡwas conducted from 2009 to 2010.All the cervical blocks from these patients were re-cut and placed on 6 slides,i.e.sandwich model, with the top and bottom sections being stained with HE, the top second be processed for other studies, 3 sections for HPV genotypes by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS)assay.The thickness of squamous epithelium of CINⅢwas measured by a microscope(×10)after re-cut. Colposcope directed CIN Ⅲ biopsies positively was defined as visible CIN Ⅲ, while random CIN Ⅲ biopsies positively was defined as invisible CIN Ⅲ. Results HPV16 positivity was 37.2%(16/43)and 55.6%(70/126)between invisible and visible CIN Ⅲ biopsies, respectively(χ2=4.318,P=0.038).Forty-nine cases of the 93 CINⅢpatients were HPV16 positive,while 44 of them non-HPV16 positive. The proportion of patients with ≥45 years of age for other non-HPV16 positive 40.9%(18/44)was significantly higher than that HPV16 positive 20.4%(10/49; χ2=4.630, P=0.031).Patients with HPV16 positive were more likely to have lesions ≥1 quadrant(χ2=7.786,P=0.005) than other non-HPV16 positive. Compared the average epithelium thickness of invisible CIN Ⅲ tissue (140±12)μm,the average epithelium thickness of visible CIN Ⅲtissue(161±9)μm was thicker.There was statistical difference between two groups(t=4.383,P=0.038).The mean average epithelial thickness of CIN Ⅲwith HPV16 positive(172±11)μm was thicker than that the mean average epithelial thickness of CIN Ⅲ with non-HPV16 positive(130±10)μm(t=4.784,P=0.031). Conclusions Invisible lesions is difficult to identify under colposcopy and is related to non-HPV16 positive, small lesion size and thinner squamous epithelium. For non-HPV16 positive or older women should be performed colposcope directed biopsies and randomly multi-sites biopsies by colopscopy,which may be helpful to improve the detection of CINⅢand to reduce miss diagnosis.

Objective To explore the correlation between ostiomeatal complex(OMC)variation, nasal septum deviation and nasosinusitis with CT imaging.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 256 patients undergoing nasal and paranasal CT examination from June 1, 2015 to May 30, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with paranasal sinus fractures, tumors and artifacts were not included in this study.Taking the image of standard coronal MPR built with thin axial sections at the level of middle of semilunar fissure as observing image,and the direction,location and extent of OMC variations were observed and recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of nasal septum deviation.OMC mutation,the incidence of unilateral mutation,incidence of paranasal sinusitis and the incidence of unilateral bilateral nasal sinusitis between the two groups was analyzed by χ2test with two independent samples. Then according to the presence or absence of OMC mutation, the patients were divided into two groups.The incidence of paranasal sinusitis and bilateral paranasal sinusitis were compared between the two groups. Results Two hundred and fifty six cases of CT imging of parannasal sinus were included in the study,96 cases were with nasal septum deviation, 160 were with non-deviation of nasal septum. The incidence rate of OMC variation between the two groups showed significant difference(χ2=38.40,P<0.05).The incidence rate of unilateral and bilateral OMC variation showed significant difference(χ2=13.70,P<0.05),among which 54 were unilateral variations,50(92.6%)variations were located at the same side of nasal deviation(side of the nasal cavity widened).The incidence rate of sinusitis between the two groups showed non-significant difference(χ2=0.50,P>0.05).The incidence rate between unilateral and bilateral nasosinusitis showed non-significant difference(χ2=2.25,P>0.05).Of the 256 cases,128 were with OMC variations,and 128 were with non-OMC variation.The incidence rate of nasosinusitis between the two groups showed non-significant difference(χ2=0.56,P>0.05). The incidence rate between unilateral and bilateral nasosinusitis showed non-significant difference(χ2=3.57,P>0.05). Conclusion Ipsilateral OMC variation occurred in nasal septum deviation might be a compensation to nasal cavity widening while not a obstructive factor in causing nasosinusitis.