Objective:To evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of the recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived hepatitis B vaccine（CHO-HepB）26 years post-vaccination in the rural China.Methods:Zhengding county，Hebei province was designated as a rural monitoring site for CHO-HepB efficacy. Study participants included individuals born between 1997 and 1999 who had completed the three-dose CHO-HepB primary series without booster doses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2024 using random sampling. Demographic and vaccination history data were collected via questionnaires，and hepatitis B virus（HBV）serological markers were detected using chemiluminescence. Historical surveillance data were integrated to infer infection statuses of HBsAg-positive individuals and evaluate longitudinal trends in anti-HBs seropositivity and antibody titers.Results:Among 178 participants（mean time since vaccination：26.2 years），the seroprevalence rates were 0.6% for HBsAg（95% CI：0.0%-1.6%），64.6% for anti-HBs（95% CI：57.6%-71.6%），and 1.1% for anti-HBc（95% CI：0.0%-2.7%）. Compared to the pre-vaccination baseline HBsAg positivity of 11.3% in children under 10 years of age，the estimated vaccine protection rate was 95%. Two notable cases were identified：one with concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity and one with anti-HBs and anti-HBc positivity，suggestive of transient HBV exposure（1999—2009）without chronicity. Natural immune boosting was inferred for the latter case based on anti-HBs titer dynamics. Longitudinal analysis of four prior cross-sectional surveys（2005，2009，2013，and 2017）revealed no significant upward trends in HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity（both P>0.05）over 26 years，while anti-HBs seropositivity declined significantly（ P<0.05）from 6 to 26 years post-vaccination. Conclusion:The CHO-HepB vaccine demonstrates sustained immunological persistence and robust long-term protection up to 26 years post-immunization. Continued emphasis on rigorous implementation of mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies is critical for future hepatitis B control.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of the recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived hepatitis B vaccine（CHO-HepB）26 years post-vaccination in the rural China.Methods:Zhengding county，Hebei province was designated as a rural monitoring site for CHO-HepB efficacy. Study participants included individuals born between 1997 and 1999 who had completed the three-dose CHO-HepB primary series without booster doses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2024 using random sampling. Demographic and vaccination history data were collected via questionnaires，and hepatitis B virus（HBV）serological markers were detected using chemiluminescence. Historical surveillance data were integrated to infer infection statuses of HBsAg-positive individuals and evaluate longitudinal trends in anti-HBs seropositivity and antibody titers.Results:Among 178 participants（mean time since vaccination：26.2 years），the seroprevalence rates were 0.6% for HBsAg（95% CI：0.0%-1.6%），64.6% for anti-HBs（95% CI：57.6%-71.6%），and 1.1% for anti-HBc（95% CI：0.0%-2.7%）. Compared to the pre-vaccination baseline HBsAg positivity of 11.3% in children under 10 years of age，the estimated vaccine protection rate was 95%. Two notable cases were identified：one with concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity and one with anti-HBs and anti-HBc positivity，suggestive of transient HBV exposure（1999—2009）without chronicity. Natural immune boosting was inferred for the latter case based on anti-HBs titer dynamics. Longitudinal analysis of four prior cross-sectional surveys（2005，2009，2013，and 2017）revealed no significant upward trends in HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity（both P>0.05）over 26 years，while anti-HBs seropositivity declined significantly（ P<0.05）from 6 to 26 years post-vaccination. Conclusion:The CHO-HepB vaccine demonstrates sustained immunological persistence and robust long-term protection up to 26 years post-immunization. Continued emphasis on rigorous implementation of mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies is critical for future hepatitis B control.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between normal plasma fibrinogen(FIB)levels and disease duration in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Clinical data and biochemical test results of 1 116 elderly subjects with T2DM admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Shanghai Tianyou Hospital from January 2016 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Subjects were classified into four groups based on the duration of DM: the Q1 group(n=276, < 2.0 years), the Q2 group(n=278, 2.0-7.9 years), the Q3 group(n=280, 8.0-13.9 years)and the Q4 group(n=282, ≥ 14.0 years). The correlation between FIB and the duration of DM was analyzed.Results:With the prolongation of DM duration, FIB levels increased significantly( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the duration of DM was positively correlated with FIB, age and serum creatinine( P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the duration of DM was an independent factor for FIB( β=0.104, P<0.01). Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, smoking and drinking, the risk of hyperfibrinogenemia was 2.436 and 2.104 times higher, respectively, in Group Q4 and Group Q3 than in Group Q1(95% CI: 1.317-4.507, P<0.01; 95% CI: 1.144-3.871, P<0.05). With the third-quartile FIB(3.70 g/L)as the cut-off value, the optimal cut-off point of the DM course was 9.5 years as calculated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis of DM duration and hyperfibrinogenemia. Conclusions:The FIB level is positively correlated with DM duration in elderly patients with T2DM.

Background: Although the use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been rapidly increasing, the benefit of ECMO in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the effect of venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) on adult patients with severe ARDS. Methods: We conducted a multi-center, retrospective, cohort study in the intensive care units (ICUs) of six teaching hospitals between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients with severe ARDS who received VV-ECMO support were included. The detailed demographic data and physiologic data were used to match ARDS patients without ECMO. The primary endpoint was the 28-day mortality. Results: Ninety-nine patients with severe ARDS supported by VV-ECMO and 72 patients without ECMO were included in this study. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 23.1 ± 6.3 in the ECMO group and 24.8 ± 8.5 in the control group (P = 0.1195). The sequential organ failure assessment score was 12.8 ± 3.4 in the ECMO group and 13.7 ± 3.5 in the control group (P = 0.0848). The 28-day mortality of patients with ECMO support was 39.4%, and that of the control group was 55.6%. The survival analysis curve showed that the 28-day mortality in the ECMO group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0097). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of the 28-day mortality were the requirement of vasopressors before ECMO (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.006; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.013; P = 0.030) and duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO (HR: 3.299; 95% CI: 1.264–8.609; P = 0.034). Conclusions This study showed that ECMO improved the survival of patients with severe ARDS. The duration of mechanical ventilation and the requirement of vasopressors before ECMO might be associated with an increased risk of death.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of D-dimer(DD),hs-CRP and IL-6 with the infarction severity and prognosis in the patients with cerebral infarction(CI),and to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis for screening the independent risk factors affecting prognosis.Methods Eighty-one patients with CI in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2015 were selected as research subjects.All patients were treated with the CI routine treatment after admission.On admission,the CI severity was assessed by NIHSS,the serum levels of DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 were detected.After discharge,following up lasted for 12 months,the prognosis was assessed by MRS scale.The correlation between DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 with the infarction severity and prognosis was analyzed.The prognostic influencing factors were analyzed by adopting the univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results On admission,the levels of DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the moderate group(q=5.736,7.772,4.757,P<0.05) and the mild group(q=11.094,16.920,12.255,P<0.05),while the moderate group was significantly higher than the mild group(q=5.783,9.870,8.049,P<0.05).Pearson′s analysis showed that the levels of DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 were positively correlated with the CI severity(r=0.603,0.457,0.394,P<0.05).After following up for 12 months,the levels of DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 in the good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group(t=4.775,3.101,2.910,P<0.05).Pearson′s analysis showed that DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with poor prognosis(r=0.584,0.513,0.432,P<0.05).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that infarct volume,NIHSS score,DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 were the independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the patients with CI(P<0.05).Conclusion The infarct volume,NIHSS score,DD,hs-CRP and IL-6 are the independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the patients with CI,which provide a certain reference for judging the prognosis in CI patients.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular rotation and torsion in pre-apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(PAHCM)patients. Methods A total of 26 patients with PAHCM,26 patients with hyperten-sive left ventricular hypertrophy(HLVH)and 26 healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. Two-dimensional echocardiographs were performed carefully. Two-dimensional images were obtained from the left ventricular apical four-chamber section,two-chamber section and two short-axis sec-tions,including mitral valve and apical levels. The peak subendocardial rotation(endo-rot),epicardial rotation(epi-rot),transmural torsion(mural-tor)and bulk rotation(bulk-rot)of each short-axis section were measured and analyzed using QLAB 9.1 software. Results In the mitral level, there was no statistically significant difference in endo-rot,epi-rot,mural-tor and bulk-rot between the PAHCM group and normal control group (P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in endo-rot,epi-rot,mural-tor and bulk-rot between the PAHCM group and HLVH group (all P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in endo-rot,epi-rot,mural-tor and bulk-rot between the HLVH group and normal control group(all P<0.05). In the apical level,there was no statistically significant difference in epi-rot among three groups(P>0.05). There was statisti-cally significant difference in endo-rot,mural-tor and bulk-rot between each two groups(P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in G-tor between each two groups(P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the accuracy of differential diagnosis of G-tor PAHCM was high(the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.89),the sensitivity was 73.08%,and the specificity was 92.31%. Conclusion Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging could accurately and quantitatively measure the left ventricular rotation and tor-sion in PAHCM patients. The G-tor could accurately screen and identify between PAHCM and HLVH.