Objective To analyze the clinical, imaging, pathological characteristics and prognosis of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC), so as to provide preference for the differential diagnosis and clinical management of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and follow-up data of 14 patients diagnosed with renal MTSCC at the Eastern Theater Command General Hospital during June 2021 and Aug.2025.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results Of the 14 patients, 10 were female (71.4%) and 4 were male (28.6%), with a mean age of 56.9 years. Pathological staging included pT1a in 6 cases, pT1b in 7 cases, and pT2b in 1 case.The median tumor diameter was 4.5 (range 2.0-11.0) cm.Twelve cases (85.7%) were asymptomatic and detected incidentally.On ultrasonography, most tumors exhibited well-defined margins and regular morphology (9/10, 90%) and appeared as homogeneous hypoechoic masses (7/10, 70%).All lesions demonstrated hypovascular features on imaging studies.Ten patients (71.4%) underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and 4(28.6%) received partial nephrectomy.Histologically, a distinctive architecture composed of tubular structures, spindle-shaped cells, and mucinous stroma was exhibited.Immunohistochemically, the positive rates of PAX-8, VIMENTIN and CK7 in tumor cells were 100% (13/13), 91.7% (11/12) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively.The Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 2.0% to 40.0%.During a median follow-up of 25.0 (range4.9-0.0) months, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed.Conclusion Renal MTSCC is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma, typically lacking specific clinical symptoms and characterized by hypovascular imaging features.The tumor generally follows an indolent course with a favorable prognosis.For localized tumors, partial nephrectomy should be the primary consideration.For cases with high-risk pathological features such as sarcomatoid changes, due attention should be paid to the potential invasiveness and follow-up should be closely conducted.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is globally the most prevalent malignancy in the male genitourinary system, with a continuously ascending incidence in China. For the treatment of localized PCa, radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy have demonstrated effective suppression of the tumor, but with obvious complications that markedly compromise the life quality of the patients. Focal therapy, by targeting the principal tumor foci, can largely reduce the incidence of complications. In this context, irreversible electroporation represents an emerging modality of focal treatment capable of ablating the tumor as thoroughly as possible while sparing such critical structures as the urethra, rectum and neurovascular bundles from thermal damage, and thus offers a promising option for the management of localized PCa. This article presents an overview of the latest advances in the studies of irreversible electroporation.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Electroporation/methods*

Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis often experience varying degrees of malnutrition， and the patients with malnutrition are more susceptible to complications such as infections and ascites， which may lead to a poor prognosis. Therefore， it is particularly important to conduct nutritional risk screening for patients in clinical practice， and appropriate nutritional assessment tools should be used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients and develop individualized nutritional supplementation regimens， thereby promoting disease recovery and improving prognosis and quality of life. This article elaborates on the specific methods for nutritional screening， assessment， and management in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and points out that systematic nutritional screening and assessment can help to identify the patients with malnutrition in the early stage and provide timely intervention. Individualized nutritional supplementation regimens should be adjusted based on the conditions of patients， so as to meet their nutritional needs， promote the recovery of liver function， improve overall health status， and enhance long-term quality of life.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a clinically rare, genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections, male infertility, tympanitis, and laterality abnormalities. PCD is typically resulted from variants in genes encoding assembly or structural proteins that are indispensable for the movement of motile cilia. Here, we identified a novel nonsense mutation, c.466G>T, in cilia- and flagella-associated protein 300 ( CFAP300 ) resulting in a stop codon (p.Glu156*) through whole-exome sequencing (WES). The proband had a PCD phenotype with laterality defects and immotile sperm flagella displaying a combined loss of the inner dynein arm (IDA) and outer dynein arm (ODA). Bioinformatic programs predicted that the mutation is deleterious. Successful pregnancy was achieved through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Our results expand the spectrum of CFAP300 variants in PCD and provide reproductive guidance for infertile couples suffering from PCD caused by them.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; China ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/genetics* ; Codon, Nonsense ; East Asian People/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Homozygote ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Kartagener Syndrome/genetics* ; Pedigree ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics*

Sustained inflammatory responses are closely related to various severe diseases, and inhibiting the excessive activation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis has significant implications for clinical treatment. Natural products have garnered considerable concern for the treatment of inflammation. Huanglian-Wumei decoction (HLWMD) is a classic prescription used for treating inflammatory diseases, but the necessity of their combination and the exact underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Inspired by the supramolecular self-assembly strategy and natural drug compatibility theory, we successfully obtained berberine (BBR)-chlorogenic acid (CGA) supramolecular (BCS), which is an herbal pair from HLWMD. Using a series of characterization methods, we confirmed the self-assembly mechanism of BCS. BBR and CGA were self-assembled and stacked into amphiphilic spherical supramolecules in a 2:1 molar ratio, driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking; the hydrophilic fragments of CGA were outside, and the hydrophobic fragments of BBR were inside. This stacking pattern significantly improved the anti-inflammatory performance of BCS compared with that of single free molecules. Compared with free molecules, BCS significantly attenuated the release of multiple inflammatory mediators and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of intracellular nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation and the noncanonical pyroptosis signalling pathway mediated by caspase-11.

Bile acids encompass primary bile acids and secondary bile acids,the latter of which are produced from primary bile acids in the gut.In recent years,bile acids,compounds with a steroid structure found in bile,have been shown through extensive clinical investigations and fundamental studies to play a significant role in regulating intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis,inflammatory responses,and neurological disorders.In the gut,primary and secondary bile acids can disrupt the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms into the host due to their unique physical properties.Additional-ly,they regulate downstream signaling pathways by binding to effector receptors,thereby performing vital biological func-tions,including the modulation of immune responses.Consequently,bile acids function as essential small molecules in the pathophysiological processes of various intestinal diseases and extra-intestinal tissue conditions influenced by intestinal homeostasis.This article focuses on the role and regulatory mechanisms of the"microbe-bile acid"axis in intestinal inflam-mation,elucidating the synthesis and metabolism of bile acids and the significance of intestinal microbes in signal trans-duction via bile acids during the inflammatory process.It aims to provide a foundation and reference for the development of drugs and therapeutic strategies targeting diseases related to intestinal inflammation and immune dysregulation.

Bile acids encompass primary bile acids and secondary bile acids,the latter of which are produced from primary bile acids in the gut.In recent years,bile acids,compounds with a steroid structure found in bile,have been shown through extensive clinical investigations and fundamental studies to play a significant role in regulating intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis,inflammatory responses,and neurological disorders.In the gut,primary and secondary bile acids can disrupt the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms into the host due to their unique physical properties.Additional-ly,they regulate downstream signaling pathways by binding to effector receptors,thereby performing vital biological func-tions,including the modulation of immune responses.Consequently,bile acids function as essential small molecules in the pathophysiological processes of various intestinal diseases and extra-intestinal tissue conditions influenced by intestinal homeostasis.This article focuses on the role and regulatory mechanisms of the"microbe-bile acid"axis in intestinal inflam-mation,elucidating the synthesis and metabolism of bile acids and the significance of intestinal microbes in signal trans-duction via bile acids during the inflammatory process.It aims to provide a foundation and reference for the development of drugs and therapeutic strategies targeting diseases related to intestinal inflammation and immune dysregulation.

OBJECTIVE To observe the impact of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with inter-ferons on serum amyloid A(SAA),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]and intestinal function of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea.METHODS A total of 88 children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from Mar.2020 to Dec.2023 were recruited as the research subjects and were randomly divided into the conventional group with 44 cases(conventional symptomatic therapy plus interferons)and the combination group with 44 cases(the conven-tional symptomatic therapy plus Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms),and both groups were continuously treated for 5 days.The clinical curative effect and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed and compared between the two groups.The changes of peripheral blood immune function indexes,inflammatory factors,intesti-nal function indexes,SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 were analyzed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment between the combination group and the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(Z=1.375,P=0.169).The duration of stool property back to normal,fever abatement,number of defeca-tion times back to normal,cessation of diarrhea,virus turning to be negative and disappearance of abdominal pain was shorter in the combination group than in the conventional group(P＜0.05).The immune function,inflamma-tory factors and intestinal function indexes were improved more remarkably in the combination group than in the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(P＜0.05).The levels of SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 of the combination group were respectively(3.84±0.35)pg/ml,(4.87±0.28)pg/ml and(50.63±7.14)pg/ml after the treatment for 5 days,higher than those of the conventional group.CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with interferons can effectively shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea,relieve the inflammatory reactions,improve the intestinal function and immune function,and stabilize the levels of serum SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3.

OBJECTIVE To observe the impact of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with inter-ferons on serum amyloid A(SAA),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]and intestinal function of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea.METHODS A total of 88 children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from Mar.2020 to Dec.2023 were recruited as the research subjects and were randomly divided into the conventional group with 44 cases(conventional symptomatic therapy plus interferons)and the combination group with 44 cases(the conven-tional symptomatic therapy plus Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms),and both groups were continuously treated for 5 days.The clinical curative effect and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed and compared between the two groups.The changes of peripheral blood immune function indexes,inflammatory factors,intesti-nal function indexes,SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 were analyzed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment between the combination group and the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(Z=1.375,P=0.169).The duration of stool property back to normal,fever abatement,number of defeca-tion times back to normal,cessation of diarrhea,virus turning to be negative and disappearance of abdominal pain was shorter in the combination group than in the conventional group(P＜0.05).The immune function,inflamma-tory factors and intestinal function indexes were improved more remarkably in the combination group than in the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(P＜0.05).The levels of SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 of the combination group were respectively(3.84±0.35)pg/ml,(4.87±0.28)pg/ml and(50.63±7.14)pg/ml after the treatment for 5 days,higher than those of the conventional group.CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with interferons can effectively shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea,relieve the inflammatory reactions,improve the intestinal function and immune function,and stabilize the levels of serum SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3.

The gut microbiota of infants is crucial for the establishment and development of immune system tolerance and responsiveness, as well as long-term health.Breast milk, as the only recommended source of nutrition for infants under 6 months old, possesses all the necessary nutrients and functional components for their growth, development, and health promotion.Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as distinctive functional components that distinguish human milk from other mammalian milk, possess natural targeting properties to reach the colorectum in its intact form and are essential for the maturation of the gut microbiota, development of the digestive system and maintenance of the immune system function in infants, providing natural protection for the digestive and immune systems of newborns.This article reviews the latest research on how HMOs affect the development of the immune system and homeostasis in infants, and focuses on the mechanism by which HMOs control the gut microbiota and influence the immune system′s response through the gut microbiota-immune axis.