Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

To provide in-service medical technicians and nurses with convenient access to continuing education resources in transfusion medicine, reduce transfusion-related adverse events, and ensure the safety, rationalization, and effectiveness of clinical transfusion, we designed and developed an online transfusion continuing education platform. The platform was based on the new managed code programming model.NET Core and the powerful functions of hypertext preprocessor PHP 7.4, addressing current issues in transfusion online continuing education. Through in-depth analysis of student attributes, learning behaviors, and teaching behaviors, a comprehensive online continuous teaching quality evaluation index system was established. This system not only facilitates the quantitative assessment of teaching quality but also successfully integrates the two core functions of teaching and management, thereby achieving unified online teaching.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies by the research group have shown that core proteoglycan in Cornus Cervi Col la can enter the bone,promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and has a good repair effect on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Cornus Cervi Colla on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats by fecal non-targeted fecal metabolomics.METHODS:Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table method:the control group(n=10)was injected with normal saline into the right gluteal muscle(injected on the first 3 days of each week for 3 consecutive weeks),and was given pure water gavage(once a day for 6 consecutive weeks).The model group(n=10)was injected with methylprednisolone sodium succinate into the right gluteal muscle(injected on the first 3 days of each week for 3 consecutive weeks)to establish a steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head model,and was given pure water gavage(once a day for 6 consecutive weeks).The Cornus Cervi Co I la group(n=10)was also established with a steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head model,and was given Cornus Cervi Col la gavage(once a day for 6 consecutive weeks).After gavage,cecal feces and femoral heads were collected for fecal metabolomics analysis and bone tissue Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin staining,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metabolomics analysis results showed that there were 233 differential metabolites between the Cornus Cervi Col la and model groups,with 65 significantly differing and clearly annotated metabolites.Lipid and amino acid metabolites were significantly increased,with bile acids,sulfated steroids,ephedrine,hypoxanthine,betaine,L-carnitine,B-mouse bile acid,cytidine,4-pyridoxic acid,taurine,N-acetyl-d-glucosamine,and butyric acid being the most impacted(variable weight value VIP＞5).The metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine were crucial in the metabolic regulatory network(pathway impact=0.428 57).(2)Micro-CT scanning results of bone tissue showed that the femoral heads of rats in the model group and the Cornus Cervi Col la group had different degrees of damage;the femoral head contour was irregular;the trabeculae in the subchondral bone of the femoral head were missing and disordered,and some cystic structures were visible.Compared with the model group,the degree of trabecular damage in the rats of the Cornus Cervi Colla group was milder.Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that the trabeculae in the subchondral bone of the femoral heads of rats in the model group and the Cornus Cervi Colla group were sparse or interrupted,and the empty bone lacuna rate and adipocyte invasion were increased.Compared with the model group,the empty bone lacuna rate and adipocyte invasion in the subchondral bone of the femoral heads of rats in the Cornus Cervi Colla group were reduced.(3)These results conclude that Cornus Cervi Colla potentially mitigates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the metabolic processes involving taurine and associated pathways.

BACKGROUND:Osteonecrosis is an orthopedic disease that severely limits joint function,with complex pathogenesis involving multiple risk factors.Cathepsins,as a class of enzymes that play a key role in bone metabolism,are closely related to the proliferation,differentiation of bone cells,and remodeling of the bone matrix.However,previous studies have mostly focused on descriptive analyses,lacking direct evidence of causal relationships.OBJECTIVE:To clarify the potential causal relationship between cathepsins and osteonecrosis and to explore their possible mechanisms by analyzing large-scale sample data from the FinnGen database.METHODS:We obtained osteonecrosis-related data from the FinnGen database,including R9(a total of 359 399 samples:1 385 cases and 358 014 controls)and R10 versions(a total of 392 580 samples:1 543 cases and 391 037 controls).Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with nine cathepsins(cathepsin B,E,F,G,H,O,S,L2,and Z)were acquired from a previous study(3 301 individuals).Univariate Mendelian randomization,reverse univariate Mendelian randomization,and multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted method,MR-Egger method,weighted median method,simple mode method,and weighted mode method.Initially,Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using osteonecrosis data from R9.Additionally,sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept,MR-PRESSO global test,and leave-one-out analysis to check for horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.Subsequently,a validation analysis study was carried out on the R10 dataset,and a meta-analysis was conducted to combine the two datasets to explore the joint effect.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis results showed that higher levels of cathepsin B were significantly associated with a reduced risk of osteonecrosis(inverse variance weighted:odds ratio(OR)=0.865,95％confidence interval(CI):0.762-0.982,P=0.025),and no reverse causal relationship was found between the nine cathepsins and osteonecrosis(P＞0.05).These associations were validated by meta-analysis.Multivariate analysis,using the nine cathepsins as covariates,revealed a reverse causal relationship between the levels of cathepsin Band the risk of osteonecrosis(inverse variance weighted:OR=0.8710,95％CI:0.761-0.997,P=0.045),consistent with the results before adjustment.Sensitivity analyses based on heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy suggested that the results were relatively robust.This study suggests that there is a causal relationship between high levels of cathepsin B and the reduced risk of osteonecrosis,and it may serve as a biomarker for osteonecrosis,providing new directions and insights for the diagnosis and treatment of osteonecrosis.Although this study is based on data analysis of European populations,these findings have important implications for Chinese biomedical research,especially in understanding disease mechanisms,developing biomarkers,and formulating treatment strategies.They also encourage similar studies conducted on Chinese populations to explore the impact of racial and genetic background differences on the occurrence of osteonecrosis.

Objective To evaluate pulmonary vascular remodeling,right ventricular function,intestinal barrier integrity,and inflammatory factor expression in rat models of pulmonary hypertension(PH)induced by normobaric hypoxia(NH)and hypobaric hypoxia(HH).We also aimed to compare modeling method and establish an experimental basis for understanding the pathogenesis of PH and for developing appropriate treatment strategies.Methods From June 2024 to December 2024,eighteen 6-week-old male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to three groups:normobaric normoxia(Control),NH,and HH groups.Mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)was measured by right heart catheterization.Right ventricular function was assessed using echocardiography and right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI).Pulmonary vascular remodeling and intestinal mucosal barrier damage were evaluated via hematoxylin/eosin staining.Colon permeability was quantified by colon ligation followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection.Expression levels of inflammatory factors in lung and colon tissues were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results Right heart function assessment revealed that mPAP was significantly increased(P＜0.05),pulmonary artery acceleration time(PAAT)was shortened,and RVHI and right ventricular free wall thickness(RVFW)were significantly elevated(P＜0.05)in rats in NH and HH groups compared with Control group.Rats in NH group demonstrated a prolonged pulmonary ejection time(PET)and reduced PAAT/PET ratio compared with HH group,indicating more pronounced right heart dysfunction.Pulmonary vascular morphology demonstrated that percentage of medial area percentage(MA％)and percentage of wall thickness percentage(WT％)of pulmonary vessels were significantly higher in NH and HH groups compared with Control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,MA％was markedly increased in the NH group relative to the HH group(P＜0.05),suggesting more severe pulmonary vascular remodeling in NH group.Regarding intestinal injury,rats in NH and HH groups exhibited shorter colon length,increased mucosal damage,and significantly increased permeability compared with Control group(P＜0.05),while rats in HH group showed more prominent inflammatory cell infiltration compared with NH group,confirming intestinal mucosal barrier damage in both groups.In terms of inflammation,expression levels of interleukin(IL)6,IL1β,and IL 17a were significantly elevated in lung and colon tissues from rats in NH and HH groups compared with Control group(P＜0.05).Notably,expression levels of IL6 and IL1 β in lung tissue and IL17a in colon tissue were significantly higher in NH group compared with HH group(P＜0.05),while IL6 expression in colon tissue was relatively lower(P＜0.05),indicating local inflammation in lung and colon tissues in both groups.Conclusions There are phenotypic differences between PH rat models induced by NH and HH,with respect to pulmonary vascular remodeling,right heart function,intestinal mucosal barrier injury,and the expression of inflammatory factors in lung and intestinal tissues.These result demonstrate that air pressure contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of PH.Different air pressures may affect the development of PH via distinct mechanisms,thereby offering critical insights into the pathological changes of PH,potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate disease progression,and the elucidation of inflammatory mechanisms underlying PH based on the lung-intestine axis.

Objective To evaluate pulmonary vascular remodeling,right ventricular function,intestinal barrier integrity,and inflammatory factor expression in rat models of pulmonary hypertension(PH)induced by normobaric hypoxia(NH)and hypobaric hypoxia(HH).We also aimed to compare modeling method and establish an experimental basis for understanding the pathogenesis of PH and for developing appropriate treatment strategies.Methods From June 2024 to December 2024,eighteen 6-week-old male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to three groups:normobaric normoxia(Control),NH,and HH groups.Mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)was measured by right heart catheterization.Right ventricular function was assessed using echocardiography and right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI).Pulmonary vascular remodeling and intestinal mucosal barrier damage were evaluated via hematoxylin/eosin staining.Colon permeability was quantified by colon ligation followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection.Expression levels of inflammatory factors in lung and colon tissues were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results Right heart function assessment revealed that mPAP was significantly increased(P＜0.05),pulmonary artery acceleration time(PAAT)was shortened,and RVHI and right ventricular free wall thickness(RVFW)were significantly elevated(P＜0.05)in rats in NH and HH groups compared with Control group.Rats in NH group demonstrated a prolonged pulmonary ejection time(PET)and reduced PAAT/PET ratio compared with HH group,indicating more pronounced right heart dysfunction.Pulmonary vascular morphology demonstrated that percentage of medial area percentage(MA％)and percentage of wall thickness percentage(WT％)of pulmonary vessels were significantly higher in NH and HH groups compared with Control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,MA％was markedly increased in the NH group relative to the HH group(P＜0.05),suggesting more severe pulmonary vascular remodeling in NH group.Regarding intestinal injury,rats in NH and HH groups exhibited shorter colon length,increased mucosal damage,and significantly increased permeability compared with Control group(P＜0.05),while rats in HH group showed more prominent inflammatory cell infiltration compared with NH group,confirming intestinal mucosal barrier damage in both groups.In terms of inflammation,expression levels of interleukin(IL)6,IL1β,and IL 17a were significantly elevated in lung and colon tissues from rats in NH and HH groups compared with Control group(P＜0.05).Notably,expression levels of IL6 and IL1 β in lung tissue and IL17a in colon tissue were significantly higher in NH group compared with HH group(P＜0.05),while IL6 expression in colon tissue was relatively lower(P＜0.05),indicating local inflammation in lung and colon tissues in both groups.Conclusions There are phenotypic differences between PH rat models induced by NH and HH,with respect to pulmonary vascular remodeling,right heart function,intestinal mucosal barrier injury,and the expression of inflammatory factors in lung and intestinal tissues.These result demonstrate that air pressure contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of PH.Different air pressures may affect the development of PH via distinct mechanisms,thereby offering critical insights into the pathological changes of PH,potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate disease progression,and the elucidation of inflammatory mechanisms underlying PH based on the lung-intestine axis.

ObjectiveBy comparing the composition and content of volatile components in raw products， wine-washed products and wine-fried products of Ligusticum sinense cv. Chaxiong rhizome（LSCR）， to investigate the influence of wine processing on the volatile components of LSCR， in order to provide a basis for the development of quality standards for LSCR and its processed products. MethodsElectronic nose was used to identify the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， and their volatile components were detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the relative mass fractions of these components were determined by peak area normalization method. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on the obtained sample data by SIMCA 14.1 software， and the differential components of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR were screened according to the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between volatile differential flavor components and electronic nose sensors. ResultsElectronic nose detection results showed that there were significant differences in the odors of LSCR， wine-washed and wine-fried LSCR， mainly reflected in the sensors S2， S4， S5， S6， S11， S12， S13. And a total of 62 compounds were identified from LSCR and its wine-processed products， among which 46， 50 and 51 compounds were identified from LSCR， wine-fried and wine-washed LSCR， respectively. There were 21 differential components between the raw products and wine-fried products， of which 10 components were increased and 11 were decreased after processing. There were 20 differential components between the raw products and wine-washed products， of which 11 constituents increased and 9 decreased after processing. There were 17 differential components between the wine-wash products and wine-fried products. Compared with the wine-washed products， the contents of 13 components in the wine-fried products increased， and the contents of 4 components decreased. The increasing trend of the content of phthalides in the wine-washed products was more obvious than that in the wine-fried products， but the content of total volatile components was higher in the wine-fried products than the wine-washed products. Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the 7 differential sensors of electronic nose and 24 differential volatile components， mainly phthalides and olefins. ConclusionThe odor and the content of volatile components in LSCR changed obviously after wine processing， and n-butylphthalide， Z-butylidenephthalide and E-ligustilide can be used as the candidate differential markers of volatile components in LSCR before and after wine processing.

ObjectiveTo analyze the differences in color， odor and volatile components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP） before and after being stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum， and to explore the material basis of enhancing the effect of strengthening spleen after processing and the scientific connotation of decoction pieces processed with Halloysitum Rubrum as the auxiliary material. MethodsThe volatile components of the samples before and after processing were identified and relatively quantified by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the volatile components were analyzed by principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. According to the principle of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1.5， volatile differential components before and after processing were screened. And combined with intelligent sensory technologies such as colorimeter and electronic nose， the chroma and odor information of CRP before and after being stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum were identified. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between volatile differential components and chroma values. ResultsA total of 112 volatile components were identified from CRP and CRP stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum， of which 84 were from CRP and 97 were from CRP stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum. And 7 differential components were selected， including α-pinene， β-myrcene， linalool， sabinene， ocimene isomer mixture， A-ocimene， and δ-elemene. After being processed with Halloysitum Rubrum， the brightness value（L^*）， yellow-blue value（b^*） and total chromatic value（E^*_ab） of CRP were decreased（P<0.01）， and red-green value（a^*） was increased（P<0.01）， the response values of S4， S5， S10 and S13 sensors were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the response values of S3 and S8 sensors were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that α-pinene and β-myrcene were negatively correlated with L^* and E^*_ab， but positively correlated with a^*. Sabinene was positively correlated with L^* and E^*_ab. Linalool was positively correlated with L^* and E^*_ab， and negatively correlated with a^*. The ocimene isomer mixture was positively correlated with the L^*. ConclusionAfter being processed with Halloysitum Rubrum， the appearance color， odor and volatile components of CRP change significantly， and α-pinene， β-myrcene， sabinene， linalool and A-ocimene are the characteristic volatile components before and after processing， which can provide references for the quality evaluation and clinical application of CRP and its processed products.

ObjectiveTo analyze the differences in color， odor and volatile components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP） before and after being stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum， and to explore the material basis of enhancing the effect of strengthening spleen after processing and the scientific connotation of decoction pieces processed with Halloysitum Rubrum as the auxiliary material. MethodsThe volatile components of the samples before and after processing were identified and relatively quantified by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS）， and the volatile components were analyzed by principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. According to the principle of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1.5， volatile differential components before and after processing were screened. And combined with intelligent sensory technologies such as colorimeter and electronic nose， the chroma and odor information of CRP before and after being stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum were identified. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between volatile differential components and chroma values. ResultsA total of 112 volatile components were identified from CRP and CRP stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum， of which 84 were from CRP and 97 were from CRP stir-fried with Halloysitum Rubrum. And 7 differential components were selected， including α-pinene， β-myrcene， linalool， sabinene， ocimene isomer mixture， A-ocimene， and δ-elemene. After being processed with Halloysitum Rubrum， the brightness value（L^*）， yellow-blue value（b^*） and total chromatic value（E^*_ab） of CRP were decreased（P<0.01）， and red-green value（a^*） was increased（P<0.01）， the response values of S4， S5， S10 and S13 sensors were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the response values of S3 and S8 sensors were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that α-pinene and β-myrcene were negatively correlated with L^* and E^*_ab， but positively correlated with a^*. Sabinene was positively correlated with L^* and E^*_ab. Linalool was positively correlated with L^* and E^*_ab， and negatively correlated with a^*. The ocimene isomer mixture was positively correlated with the L^*. ConclusionAfter being processed with Halloysitum Rubrum， the appearance color， odor and volatile components of CRP change significantly， and α-pinene， β-myrcene， sabinene， linalool and A-ocimene are the characteristic volatile components before and after processing， which can provide references for the quality evaluation and clinical application of CRP and its processed products.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies by the research group have shown that core proteoglycan in Cornus Cervi Col la can enter the bone,promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and has a good repair effect on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Cornus Cervi Colla on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats by fecal non-targeted fecal metabolomics.METHODS:Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table method:the control group(n=10)was injected with normal saline into the right gluteal muscle(injected on the first 3 days of each week for 3 consecutive weeks),and was given pure water gavage(once a day for 6 consecutive weeks).The model group(n=10)was injected with methylprednisolone sodium succinate into the right gluteal muscle(injected on the first 3 days of each week for 3 consecutive weeks)to establish a steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head model,and was given pure water gavage(once a day for 6 consecutive weeks).The Cornus Cervi Co I la group(n=10)was also established with a steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head model,and was given Cornus Cervi Col la gavage(once a day for 6 consecutive weeks).After gavage,cecal feces and femoral heads were collected for fecal metabolomics analysis and bone tissue Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin staining,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metabolomics analysis results showed that there were 233 differential metabolites between the Cornus Cervi Col la and model groups,with 65 significantly differing and clearly annotated metabolites.Lipid and amino acid metabolites were significantly increased,with bile acids,sulfated steroids,ephedrine,hypoxanthine,betaine,L-carnitine,B-mouse bile acid,cytidine,4-pyridoxic acid,taurine,N-acetyl-d-glucosamine,and butyric acid being the most impacted(variable weight value VIP＞5).The metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine were crucial in the metabolic regulatory network(pathway impact=0.428 57).(2)Micro-CT scanning results of bone tissue showed that the femoral heads of rats in the model group and the Cornus Cervi Col la group had different degrees of damage;the femoral head contour was irregular;the trabeculae in the subchondral bone of the femoral head were missing and disordered,and some cystic structures were visible.Compared with the model group,the degree of trabecular damage in the rats of the Cornus Cervi Colla group was milder.Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that the trabeculae in the subchondral bone of the femoral heads of rats in the model group and the Cornus Cervi Colla group were sparse or interrupted,and the empty bone lacuna rate and adipocyte invasion were increased.Compared with the model group,the empty bone lacuna rate and adipocyte invasion in the subchondral bone of the femoral heads of rats in the Cornus Cervi Colla group were reduced.(3)These results conclude that Cornus Cervi Colla potentially mitigates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the metabolic processes involving taurine and associated pathways.