ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Dihuang Yinzi （DY） on motor dysfunction in rats with advanced Parkinson's disease （PD） and to investigate the mechanisms by which DY improves advanced PD symptoms through the "gut microbiota-short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）-inflammation-neuroprotection pathway". MethodsAn advanced PD rat model was induced by rotenone. Rats were divided into a normal group， model group， positive drug group （levodopa， 50 mg·kg^-1）， and DY low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （5.2， 10.4， 20.8 g·kg^-1）. After 7 days of administration， motor function was evaluated using the open-field， pole-climbing， and inclined plate tests. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in the substantia nigra and colon， and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect α-Synuclein （α-Syn） and tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in the substantia nigra. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure levels of dopamine （DA）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， 3，4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid （DOPAC）， Levodopa， homovanillic acid （HVA）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） and occludin. Gut microbiota diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing， and gas chromatography （GC） was used to determine the content of SCFAs in colonic contents. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly decreased movement speed and distance in the open-field test， prolonged pole-climbing time， and reduced retention angle on the inclined plate （P<0.01）， accompanied by increased α-Syn expression （P<0.01） and decreased TH expression （P<0.01） in the brain. Compared with the model group， all DY dose groups improved motor dysfunction in advanced PD rats to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01） and alleviated pathological damage in the brain and colon. High-dose DY significantly reduced α-Syn aggregation in the substantia nigra （P<0.01） and increased TH expression （P<0.01）. ELISA and Western blot results showed that， compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited decreased levels of DA， 5-HT， DOPAC， Levodopa， and HVA in the striatum （P<0.01）， increased levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the colon and striatum （P<0.01）， and significantly reduced expression of ZO-1 （P<0.05） and occludin in the colon （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all DY dose groups increased the levels of DA， 5-HT， DOPAC， Levodopa， and HVA in the striatum to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the high-dose DY group， the levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the colon and striatum were reduced （P<0.01）， while the expression of ZO-1 （P<0.05） and occludin in the intestine was increased. The 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that the relative abundances of Actinobacteriota， Enterobacteriaceae， and Erysipelotrichaceae were increased in the model group， whereas the relative abundances of Bacteroidota， class Clostridia， Lachnospiraceae， and Akkermansia muciniphila were decreased. These changes were effectively reversed after high-dose DY intervention. GC analysis showed that the content of SCFAs in the colonic contents of rats in the model group was decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while after high-dose DY intervention， the levels of acetate， propionate， isobutyrate， and butyrate were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionDY may exert therapeutic effects in advanced PD by regulating the gut microbiota-SCFAs-inflammation pathway.

Objective To translate the Maternal Childbirth Fatigue Perception Questionnaire(MCFQ)into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity among women undergoing vaginal deliv-ery.Methods Following the Brislin translation model,the MCFQ was translated,back-translated,culturally adapted and pre-tested to develop a Chinese version.By using the convenience sampling method,574 parturients were selected for a questionnaire survey from January to April 2024,and the reliability and validity of the Chinese questionnaire were evaluated.Results The Chinese version of MCFQ consisted of 3 dimensions and 13 items,namely physical fatigue(7 items),perceived fatigue(3 items)and emotional fatigue(3 items).The item-level content validity index ranged from0.813 to 1.000,and the scale-level content validity index was 0.938.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.870,and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.848.Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the question naire had a good fit.Conclusion The Chinese version of MCFQ has good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective tool to assess the fatigue level of parturients during the delivery process.It is helpful for clinical medical staff to optimize the management of the la-bor process,improve the quality of delivery,and ensure the safety of mothers and infants.

Objective To observe the value of 18F-fluoro-dihydroxy-phenylalanine(18F-FDOPA)PET/CT for evaluating the efficacy of radiochemotherapy for advanced glioma.Methods Data of 84 patients with advanced glioma who received precision radiotherapy combined with synchronous chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into effective group(complete remission+partial remission+stable disease,n=60)and ineffective group(progressive disease,n=24)according to the efficacy of radiochemotherapy.18F-FDOPA PET/CT metabolic parameters of tumors,including tumor metabolic tumor volume(MTV),maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)and mean standard uptake value(SUVmean)were compared between groups,also before and after radiochemotherapy within groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to observe the correlations of metabolic parameters and the efficacy of radiochemotherapy.Results After radiochemotherapy,MTV,SUVmax and SUVmean of tumors in effective group were lower than those of tumors in ineffective group(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of metabolic parameters were found before and after radiochemotherapy in effective group(all P＜0.05).MTV,SUVmax and SUVmean of advanced glioma were negatively correlated with the efficacy of radiochemotherapy(r=-0.63,-0.52,-0.50,P＜0.001,P=0.007,P=0.010).Conclusion 18F-FDOPA PET/CT was helpful for evaluating the efficacy of radiochemotherapy for advanced glioma.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Qiji Zhuyu Zhixue decoction in treatment of previous cesarean scar defect(PCSD)and explore the value of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound combined with three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound(3D-PDUS)in the diagnosis of PCSD.Methods A total of 120 PCSD patients treated and treated in Wenzhou People's Hospital from April to October 2023 were selected as study objects,and they were randomly divided into case group(50 cases)and control group(70 cases).The case group was treated with Qiji Zhuyu Zhixue decoction,and the control group was treated with desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets.The clinical effects after 6 months of treatment were compared between two groups.The length,width,depth,lateral muscle thickness and volume of PCSD before and after treatment were evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasound combined with 3D-PDUS.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic parameters in diagnosis of PCSD.Results After 6 months of treatment,the total effective rate of case group was significantly higher than that of control group(x2=21.97,P＜0.01).After treatment,the diverticulum depth and volume in case group were significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05).The diverticulum depth in case group was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).The lateral muscle thickness in case group was significantly greater than that before treatment and control group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of the combined diagnosis of PCSD with diverticular depth,diverticular lateral muscle thickness and diverticular volume was 0.707.Conclusion The clinical effect of Qiji Zhuyu Zhixue decoction on PCSD is remarkable.Transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound combined with 3D-PDUS is the first choice for the diagnosis of PCSD,and it is worth popularizing and applying.

Objective To investigate the role of preoperative 3D printing simulation technology in the interventional endovascular exclusion of Stanford B aortic dissection.Methods A retrospective study protocol was used to select 76 patients with Stanford B-type aortic dissection who underwent endovascular isolation surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 in the study.Among them,40 patients underwent simulated surgery with preoperative 3D printing simulation technology(simulation group)and another 36 patients received conventional endovascular isolation surgery(control group).The two groups were compared in terms of the.cardiac ultrasound indicators,the true and false lumen diameters,and the complication rates of the proximal aortic rupture plane,stent end plane,and abdominal trunk artery plane at different times before and after surgery.Results As com-pared to the control group,the simulation group showed significantly longer surgical time,extracorporeal circulation time,aortic occlusion time,and ICU stay time(all P<0.05).After the operation,the true lumen diameter of the proximal aortic rupture plane,stent end plane,and abdominal trunk artery plane were significantly increased in two groups at months 1,3,and 6(P<0.05),but the false lumen diameter of the proximal aortic rupture plane,stent end plane,and abdominal trunk artery plane were significantly decreased(P<0.05)compared to preoperative levels.The LVEF and FS of the two groups were significantly increased 6 months after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion The preoperative 3D printing simulation technology in the interventional endovascular isolation of Stanford B aortic dissection can ensure the surgical effect.It can achieve the same surgical effect as the traditional procedures and importantly it can reduce the difficulty of operation and shorten the operation time.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of ulnar Z-shaped shortening osteotomy combined with arthroscopic deep suture anchor repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and ulnar Z-shaped shortening osteotomy alone in the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome with moderate or severe distal radioulnar joint instability.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 30 patients with ulnar impaction syndrome accompanied by moderate or severe distal radioulnar joint instability, who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2016 to June 2023, including 16 males and 14 females, aged 27-58 years [(42.4±9.9)years]. All the patients presented with positive ulnar variance and TFCC type IB injury, with the deep layer of TFCC affected. Fifteen patients were treated with Z-shaped shortening osteotomy of the ulna alone (osteotomy alone group), while the other 15 patients received Z-shaped shortening osteotomy of the ulna combined with arthroscopic suture anchor repair of the deep layer of TFCC (osteotomy combined with repair group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and length of ulnar shortening were compared between the two groups. The forearm rotation, ulnar-radial deviation angle, palmar-dorsal flexion angle, grip strength, visual analogue scale (VAS), patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score, modified Mayo wrist score, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire score were assessed preoperatively, at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. The incidence of postoperative complications was recorded.Results:The patients were followed up for 6-24 months [(15.8±4.9)months]. The operation time in the osteotomy combined with repair group was 3.0 (2.3, 3.0)hours, longer than 1.5 (1.3, 2.0)hours in the osteotomy alone group ( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss and the length of ulnar shortening between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in forearm rotation, ulnar-radial deviation angle, palmar-dorsal flexion angle, grip strength, VAS, PRWE score, modified Mayo wrist score, and DASH score between the two groups preoperatively ( P>0.05). At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up, the forearm rotation degrees in the osteotomy combined with repair group were (130.3±8.8)°, (135.2±7.9)°, and (141.9±6.9)°, greater than (120.5±9.4)°, (123.7±10.2)°, and (130.9±8.5)° in the osteotomy alone group; the ulnar-radial deviation angles in the osteotomy combined with repair group were 23.0 (23.0, 26.5)°, 33.0 (30.0, 36.0)°, and 36.0 (32.5, 41.5)°, greater than 22.0 (20.0, 23.0)°, 23.0 (23.0, 28.0)°, and 25.0 (23.0, 33.5)° in the osteotomy alone group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). In the osteotomy combined with repair group, the palmar-dorsal flexion angles at 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up were (125.8±10.8)° and (132.9±16.8)°, greater than those in the osteotomy alone group [(99.1±15.7)° and (121.2±17.4)°] ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in the palmar-dorsal flexion angle between the two groups at 6 months postoperatively ( P>0.05). In the osteotomy combined with repair group, the grip strength at 6 months postoperatively was (14.6±1.0)N, greater than (12.8±1.8)N in the osteotomy alone group ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in grip strength between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). At 6, 12 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up, the VAS scores in the osteotomy combined with repair group were (4.3±1.9)points, (2.7±1.1)points, and (2.1±0.7)points, lower than (6.5±2.5)points, (4.7±1.4)points, and (4.3±0.9)points in the osteotomy alone group; the PREW scores were (57.6±4.1)points, (47.3±2.4)points, and (35.0±3.4)points, lower than (67.8±4.5)points, (53.1±4.4)points, and (43.5±4.1)points in the osteotomy alone group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The modified Mayo wrist scores in the osteotomy combined with repair group at 6, 12 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up were (78.3±2.9)points, (80.1±3.0)points, and (83.5±3.9)points, higher than those in the osteotomy alone group [(69.0±4.3)points, (75.5±2.9)points, (78.8±2.4)points] ( P<0.01). The DASH scores in the osteotomy combined with repair group at 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up were (35.8±4.6)points and (28.4±5.4)points, lower than (43.3±5.0)points and (34.2±4.4)points in the osteotomy alone group ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in DASH scores between the two groups at 6 months postoperatively ( P>0.05). In both groups, forearm rotation, ulnar-radial deviation angle, palmar-dorsal flexion angle, grip strength, and modified Mayo wrist scores at all time points postoperatively were all higher than the preoperative values ( P<0.05), while the postoperative VAS, PREW, and DASH scores were lower than the preoperative values ( P<0.05), with statistically significant differences among different time points postoperatively ( P<0.01). The incidence of postoperative complications in the osteotomy combined with repair group was 6.7% (1/15), lower than 46.7% (7/15) in the osteotomy alone group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the ulnar Z-shaped shortening osteotomy alone, ulnar Z-shaped shortening osteotomy with arthroscopic suture anchor deep repair of TFCC has the advantages of increased wrist range of motion, reduced pain, improved function, and lower incidence of complications, etc in treating ulnar impaction syndrome with moderate or severe instability of the distal radioulnar joint.

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of intramedullary nail fixation, simple tibial plate fixation, and tibial plate + posterior-to-anterior screw fixation in the surgical treatment of lower 1/3 spiral fracture of the tibia combined with posterior malleolar fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 78 patients with lower 1/3 spiral fracture of the tibia combined with posterior malleolar fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from June 2015 to June 2022. There were 46 males and 32 females with an age of (48.9±14.6) years. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their fixation methods. Group A (18 patients) underwent simple intramedullary nail fixation, group B (40 patients) simple tibial plate fixation, and group C (20 patients) tibial plate fixation for tibial fractures and posterior-to-anterior screw fixation for posterior malleolar fractures. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture union time, postoperative complications, as well as ankle-hindfoot scores of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Baird-Jackson scores at pre- and post-operation were compared among the 3 groups.Results:The differences in the preoperative baseline data were not statistically significant among the 3 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (24.9±10.1) months. The fracture union time in Group A was 14.0(13.0, 14.0) weeks, significantly longer than that in groups B and C [13 (13, 14) weeks] ( P<0.05). The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and Baird-Jackson score at the last postoperative follow-up in all patients were better than those before surgery ( P<0.05). The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores at the last follow-up in groups B and C [95.5 (86.0, 96.0) points and 96.0 (89.5, 98.5) points] were significantly higher than that in group A [86.5 (78.0, 93.0) points] ( P<0.05), and the Baird-Jackson scores at the last follow-up in groups B and C [93.0 (88.8, 95.0) points and 95.0 (91.0, 98.0) points] were also significantly higher than that in group A [86.0 (78.0, 89.5) points] ( P<0.05). All the 7 cases of complications (3 ones of poor fracture union and 4 ones of anterior knee pain) were observed in group A. Conclusion:In the surgical treatment of lower 1/3 spiral fracture of the tibia combined with posterior malleolar fracture, tibial plate fixation and tibial plate + posterior-to-anterior screw fixation can achieved better therapeutic effects than intramedullary nail fixation.

Objective:To explore the effects of standard meal and treadmill exercise test on body surface gastrointestinal electrogram in healthy subjects, and to provide more evidence for the clinical application of gastrointestinal electrogram.Methods:From January to June 2021, a total of 100 healthy asymptomatic volunteers underwent gastrointestinal electrogram after fasting, standard meal and treadmill exercise test. After the subjects fasted for more than 8 hours, the gastrointestinal electrogram was performed after the subjects were lying flat, quiet, and breathing steadily, electrodes were placed on the the body surface projection positions of the gastric body, the lesser curvature, the greater curvature, the antrum, the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the rectum. The fasting gastrointestinal electrogram was recorded for 6 min. Then lay for 5 to 10 min after the standard meal (100 g bread, 250 mL milk), the postprandial gastrointestinal electrogram was recorded for 6 min. And lay for 5 to 10 min after treadmill exercise test, then the postexercise gastrointestinal electrogram was recorded for 6 min. The frequency and amplitude of gastrointestinal electrogram waveforms of the three time points were compared, and the percentage of gastrointestinal electrical rhythm disorder, and slow wave frequency instability coefficient were also compared. Stratified analysis of gastric motility was performed according to age, sex and body mass index. Paired t-test, Pearson Chi-squared test, continuity correction Chi-squared test, Fisher′s exact method and Speraman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results:The standard meal did not obviously affect the mean frequency of the gastric electrocardiogram, however the mean amplitude of gastric electrocardiogram significantly increased after standard meal compared with that of fasting, especially in the electrodes placed at lesser curvature((148.5±8.7) μV vs.(113.2±5.0)μV ), greater curvature((176.3±11.3) μV vs.(126.1±7.3) μV), and antrum((161.8±10.6) μV vs.(117.6±4.91) μV), and the differences were statistically significant( t=4.63, 4.63 and 3.99, all P< 0.001). There were no significant changs in rhythm and stability of the gastric electrocardiogram. The mean frequency of intestinal electrograms at the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the rectum decreased after the standard meal compared with that of fasting ((10.8±0.2) count per minute(cpm) vs.(11.5±0.2) cpm, (10.5±0.2) cpm vs.(11.2±1.6) cpm, (10.9±0.2) cpm vs.(11.7±0.2) cpm, (11.1±0.2) cpm vs.(11.8±0.2) cpm), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.82, 4.55, 4.39, and 3.98, all P<0.001); the mean amplitude of the ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the rectum increased compared with that of fasting ((129.8±6.1) μV vs. (110.9±6.4) μV, (119.6±4.1) μV vs. (101.3±4.7) μV, (124.1±4.6) μV vs. (106.2±5.7) μV), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.62, 3.76, and 3.16; P=0.010, <0.001, =0.002); and the number of leads with enteroelectric rhythm disorder increased (398 vs. 389, the total number of leads is 400), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=7.31, P=0.026). The mean frequency of gastric electricity after treadmill exercise in electrode placed at antrum increased compared with that after standard meal ((3.4±0.4) cpm vs.(3.3±0.3) cpm), and the differences were statistically significant( t=2.45, P=0.016), and the mean amplitude of gastric electricity in electrodes placed at gastric body, lesser curvature and antrum increased compared with those after standard meal((160.2±8.6) μV vs. (133.9±6.4) μV, (178.1±10.0) μV vs. (148.5±8.7) μV, (202.5±10.2) μV vs. (161.8±10.6) μV), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.30, 2.35, and 2.48; P=0.024, 0.021, and 0.015). Treadmill exercise affected the rhythm and stability of gastric electricity, and the number of electrodes with instable and abnormal coefficient frequency slow-wave significantly increased (25 vs. 1, the total number of electrodes is 400), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=22.90, P<0.001). There was no significant change in the mean frequency of the colonic electricity after treadmill exercise compared with that after standard meal, however the mean amplitude of intestinal electrical waveform at the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the rectum increased compared with those after standard meal((171.2±8.4) μV vs. (129.8±6.1) μV, (166.1±7.7) μV vs. (119.6±4.1) μV, (147.2±7.2) μV vs. (121.1±4.9) μV, (149.6±7.3) μV vs. (124.1±4.6) μV), and the differences were statistically significant( t=3.51, 5.49, 3.09, and 2.83; P=0.001, <0.001, =0.003, and=0.006), which affected the rhythm and stability of the colonic electricity, and the number of electrodes with instable and abnormal coefficient frequency slow-wave significantly increased (10 vs. 3, the total number of electrodes is 400, χ2=4.04, P=0.040). Gender was correlated with mean frequency of gastric electricity after standrdmeal and treadmill exercise test and mean amplitude of fasting and standard postprandial gastric electricity( r=0.242, -0.272, 0.286, 0.242; P=0.015, 0.006, 0.004, 0.015), and with mean amplitude of fasting and standard postprandial electricity( r=0.225, 0.460; P=0.024, <0.001). Age was only associated with mean frequency of fasting gastric electricity( r=-0.214, P=0.033). Body mass index was correlated with mean gastric electrical amplitude after fasting, standard meal and treadmill exercise( r=-0.347, -0.260, -0.211; P<0.001, =0.009, =0.036), as well as with the mean gastric electricity frequency after treadmill exercise ( r=0.242, P=0.016). Body mass index was correlated with the mean amplitude and frequency of fasting and standard postprandial intestinal electricity ( r=-0.261, -0.296, -0.400, -0.286; P=0.009, =0.003, < 0.001, =0.003). In the healthy volunteers with female gender and body mass index < 24 kg/m 2, there were statistically significant differences in the changes of gastric motility after standard meal (Fisher′s exact method, P=0.022 and 0.024). Conclusion:Both standard meal and treadmill exercise test affect gastrointestinal electrical activity, and exercise caused more changes in gastrointestinal electrical activity than standard meal.

Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis shows a high degree of consistency with the law of transmission among wei （卫）-qi-ying （营）-blood， in terms of the onset of the season， contagiousness， symptoms， pathogenesis， as well as characteristics of the transmission. It is proposed to use epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis as an example to explore the underlying disease of wei-qi-ying-blood syndrome differentiation system. Epidemic meningitis invades the brain from the upper respiratory tract along the nervous system， and its overall pathogenesis follows from entering the lung system （prodromal period） to entering the blood （bacteremia period， sepsis period） and then entering the brain （shock period）. According to the four-dimensional qualitative principle of epidemic pathogen tropism， it corresponds to disease of both wei and qi syndrome， then blazing of both qi and ying syndrome， and then heat blocking pericardium， exuberant heat stirring wind， and internal block and external collapse syndrome. This article explored the laws of transmission among wei-qi-ying-blood and its underlying diseases described in On Warm Heat （《温热论》）， and revealed the original appearance of the disease model under the laws of transmission among wei-qi-ying-blood to guide the clinical practice.