Andrological diseases have become an important public health problem threatening men's health worldwide， which significantly affects the quality of life of patients and brings a heavy disease burden. Western medicine often faces the dilemma of obvious side effects and limited efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of andrological diseases and has accumulated rich clinical experience. Epimedii Folium， as a traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening kidney and Yang， exerts a key therapeutic effect on andrology diseases through multi-component synergy， multi-target regulation， and multi-pathway intervention. Recent studies have found that the main active components of Epimedii Folium， such as icariin， icariside， and icaritin， are the key material basis for the treatment of andrological diseases. The active components of Epimedii Folium can play a role in common andrological diseases such as erectile dysfunction， male infertility， and prostate cancer by regulating the activity of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （NO/cGMP） pathway， participating in oxidative stress response， regulating the secretion of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones， improving spermatogenic dysfunction， and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. However， the systematic action network and molecular mechanisms of the active components of Epimedii Folium have not been fully elucidated， thereby limiting its potential for clinical translation and application. In the future， it is necessary to combine cutting-edge technologies such as metabolomics， single-cell sequencing， and targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems， strengthening the research on the compatibility rules of active components and organ-specific delivery， providing a scientific basis for the development of innovative andrology traditional Chinese medicine formulas with international competitiveness， and promoting the innovation and breakthrough of andrology disease treatment modes.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes and related functional pathways of mouse sciatic nerves of Schwann cells(SCs)in early in vitro Wallerian degeneration(WD).Methods:The sciatic nerves of adult male C57BL/6J mice were Wallerian degeneration in vitro,and total RNA was extracted and transcriptome sequencing was performed at 3 h and 6 h after degeneration,respectively.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs),gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment were analyzed by bioinformatics.Results:Compared with the Control group,3961 and 5538 DEGs were screened in the WD 3 h group(WD3h)and the 6 h group(WD6h)of in vitro,respectively.The most significantly up-regulated genes mainly included molecules related to inflammation and immunity and neurotrophic factors.GO analysis showed that DEGs in both groups were enriched in positive transcriptional regulation and metabolic processes.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly concentrated in TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway and ribosome production.Conclusion:At the early stage of WD,SCs up-regulates the genes related to inflammation and immunity to promote the progression of WD and secrete neurotrophic factors to support the survival of neurons,accompanied by the activation of TNF signaling path-way and MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes and related functional pathways of mouse sciatic nerves of Schwann cells(SCs)in early in vitro Wallerian degeneration(WD).Methods:The sciatic nerves of adult male C57BL/6J mice were Wallerian degeneration in vitro,and total RNA was extracted and transcriptome sequencing was performed at 3 h and 6 h after degeneration,respectively.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs),gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment were analyzed by bioinformatics.Results:Compared with the Control group,3961 and 5538 DEGs were screened in the WD 3 h group(WD3h)and the 6 h group(WD6h)of in vitro,respectively.The most significantly up-regulated genes mainly included molecules related to inflammation and immunity and neurotrophic factors.GO analysis showed that DEGs in both groups were enriched in positive transcriptional regulation and metabolic processes.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly concentrated in TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway and ribosome production.Conclusion:At the early stage of WD,SCs up-regulates the genes related to inflammation and immunity to promote the progression of WD and secrete neurotrophic factors to support the survival of neurons,accompanied by the activation of TNF signaling path-way and MAPK signaling pathway.

The Split-Cre system consists of two inactive polypeptides: NCre and CCre, which can be recombined into an active full-length Cre under certain conditions. This system is typically used with LoxP. To develop an efficient Split-Cre system, this study used Rma intein from Rhodothermus marinus to split Cre and screened out the split site S102 which could efficiently mediate the recombination of Cre in the "Traffic Light" reporter cell line. Moreover, the S102 Split-Cre system was delivered to mice by dual-adeno-associated virus (AAV), and it was demonstrated that the efficiency of the Rma intein-mediated S102 Split-Cre system was comparable to the full-length Cre in mice. This system lays a foundation for both basic and applied research on Split-Cre.
Inteins/genetics* ; Animals ; Integrases/biosynthesis* ; Mice ; Dependovirus/metabolism* ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Recombination, Genetic ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effect of proanthocyanidins(PC)on the neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons.Methods In vitro,primary rat DRG neurons were cultured wtih a series of concenteation of PC to assess the effect of PC on the number and length of neurites as well as the morphology of growth cone.In vivo,the expression of growth associated protein 43(GAP43)in the early stage of injury was detected using the sciatic nerve crush model.Finally,the impact of PC on nerve growth factor(NGF)expression in DRG neurons was evaluated in vitro using immunofluorescence and ELISA.Results PC significantly increased the number and length of neurites and the number of pseudopodium in growth cones of DRG neurons.PC also promoted the expres-sion of GAP43 in the early stage of sciatic nerve injury in rats and enhanced the expression of NGF in DRG neurons.Conclusion PC may promote the neurite outgrowth by increasing the expression of NGF in DRG neurons.

Objective To analyze the expression of long non-coding RNA ( lncRNA) in renal clear cell carcinoma ( RCCC ) , the association of lncRNA with RCCC, as well as the role of lncRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of RCCC.Methods Forty fresh RCCC tissues and their normal adjacent tissues were collected from March 2012 to June 2013, and total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagents, purified and tested by denaturing agarose gel electrophmesis and NanoDrop 1000.Through Arraystar Human LncRNA Microarray, the different expression of lncRNA between RCCC and normal adjacent tissues was screened. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of lncRNA in 40 pair RCCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues. The receiver-operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve was adopted to verify the diagnostic efficiency of the selected lncRNA.Results LncRNA expression profile showed 1 787 lncRNA with expression alteration in two fold or above, up-regulated and down-regulated candidate lncRNAs were 941 and 846 respectively. Compared with the adjacent tissues, NR_034095 and NR_038974 were up-regulated in RCCC, and ENST00000571724 and ENST00000566575 were down-regulated, which were consistent with the microarray analysis.By the ROC curves of NR_034095, NR_038974, ENST00000571724 and ENST00000566575 to discriminate the RCCC from normal adjacent tissue, the area under curve was 0.928 ( 95%CI 0.873 -0.984), 0.759 (95%CI 0.647-0.871), 0.833 (95%CI 0.747-0.919) and 0.887 (95%CI 0.815-0.959 ) , respectively.Conclusions NR _ 034095, NR _ 038974, ENST00000571724 and ENST00000566575 are significantly differently expressed in RCCC.The different expressed lncRNA might be closely related to the process of RCCC, and may be used as a new candidate target for molecular diagnosis and gene therapy of RCCC.

Objective To explore the etiology and the fungi distribution in patients with complex renal calculi,as well as the therapeutic efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL).Methods The mid-stream urine culture was underwent in 891 cases of patients with complex renal calculi.The MPCNL were performed in patients with complex renal calculi combined with fungous infection.Results Of 891 patients with complex renal calculi,3.7%(33/891) patients were presented with fungous infection,including 60.61%(20/33) with Candida albicans and 39.39%(13/33) with Candida glabrata.All the 33 patients had long-term use of broad spectrum antibiotics from 25 to 92 days(averaged 45.8 days).The patients with complex renal calculi combined with fungous infection were treated with MPCNL.The stone-free rate was 87.88%(29/33) and the insignificance stone-residual rate was 12.12%(4/33).Conclusion The patients with complex renal calculi are apt to fungous infection and the abuse of broad spectrum antibiotics should be avoided.The MPCNL is safe and reliable for the treatment of the patients with complex renal calculi combined with fungous infection.