OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-223(miR-223),mono-cyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in patients with colostomy infection after rectal cancer surgery.METHODS One hundred patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between Jun.2022 and Jun.2024 were chosen retrospectively and divided in-to an infection group(n=27)and a non-infection group(n=73)based on whether colostomy infection occurred within seven days after surgery.The etiological features of postoperative hospital-acquired infection were analyzed,and the differences in serum miR-223,bFGF,and MCP-1 levels between the infected and non-infected groups were detected.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive values of ser-um miR-223,bFGF,and MCP-1 for postoperative colostomy infection.RESULTS A total of 30 pathogenic strains were isolated from 27 patients in the infection group,including 17 gram-negative bacteria(56.67%),11 gram-positive bacteria(36.67%),and 2 fungi(6.67%),with Escherichia coli being the most common.The serum lev-els of miR-223 and MCP-1 were higher in the infected group than those in the non-infected group,while bFGF was lower in the infected group(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combined detection of serum miR-223,bFGF,and MCP-1 was 0.944,with the sensitivity of 88.88%and spe-cificity of 94.52%.CONCLUSIONS Postoperative colostomy infection in rectal cancer patients is primarily caused by E.coli and is associated with changes in serum miR-223,bFGF and MCP-1 levels.Abnormally high expression of miR-223 and MCP-1 and abnormally low expression of bFGF can predict postoperative colostomy infection in rectal cancer,which can provide an important basis for clinical diagnosis of postoperative infections in the rectal cancer patients.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain and/or spinal cord.Their etiology remains unclear,the pathogenesis is complex,and no effective treatments exist.Importantly,the roles of mitochondria-localized silent information regulator(SIRT)family members,including SIRT3,SIRT4,and SIRT5,in neurodegenerative diseases are attracting increasing attention.Accumulating evidence demonstrates their involvement in critical processes of neuronal degeneration by regulating,for example,mitochondrial function and inflammatory responses.This review summarizes the research advances on mitochondrial SIRTs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and aims to provide new insights for elucidating disease pathogenesis and developing prevention/therapeutic strategies.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain and/or spinal cord.Their etiology remains unclear,the pathogenesis is complex,and no effective treatments exist.Importantly,the roles of mitochondria-localized silent information regulator(SIRT)family members,including SIRT3,SIRT4,and SIRT5,in neurodegenerative diseases are attracting increasing attention.Accumulating evidence demonstrates their involvement in critical processes of neuronal degeneration by regulating,for example,mitochondrial function and inflammatory responses.This review summarizes the research advances on mitochondrial SIRTs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and aims to provide new insights for elucidating disease pathogenesis and developing prevention/therapeutic strategies.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-223(miR-223),mono-cyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in patients with colostomy infection after rectal cancer surgery.METHODS One hundred patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between Jun.2022 and Jun.2024 were chosen retrospectively and divided in-to an infection group(n=27)and a non-infection group(n=73)based on whether colostomy infection occurred within seven days after surgery.The etiological features of postoperative hospital-acquired infection were analyzed,and the differences in serum miR-223,bFGF,and MCP-1 levels between the infected and non-infected groups were detected.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive values of ser-um miR-223,bFGF,and MCP-1 for postoperative colostomy infection.RESULTS A total of 30 pathogenic strains were isolated from 27 patients in the infection group,including 17 gram-negative bacteria(56.67%),11 gram-positive bacteria(36.67%),and 2 fungi(6.67%),with Escherichia coli being the most common.The serum lev-els of miR-223 and MCP-1 were higher in the infected group than those in the non-infected group,while bFGF was lower in the infected group(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combined detection of serum miR-223,bFGF,and MCP-1 was 0.944,with the sensitivity of 88.88%and spe-cificity of 94.52%.CONCLUSIONS Postoperative colostomy infection in rectal cancer patients is primarily caused by E.coli and is associated with changes in serum miR-223,bFGF and MCP-1 levels.Abnormally high expression of miR-223 and MCP-1 and abnormally low expression of bFGF can predict postoperative colostomy infection in rectal cancer,which can provide an important basis for clinical diagnosis of postoperative infections in the rectal cancer patients.

Pulmonary hypertension has a high mortality rate,and although targeted therapy is available,it is still incurable,and the long-term prognosis for patients is poor.As a tyrosine kinase inhibitor,imatinib was approved for marketing in China in 2002 for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and other tumor diseases.In addition to the antitumor effects,imatinib was found to improve hemodynamics and exercise tolerance in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension,but the safety was suboptimal.With the emergence of new formulations of imatinib targeted at the lungs,it is expected to become a new targeted drug for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are more likely to experience neurocognitive impairments compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. This paper reviews recent research on the neurocognitive development of SGA children. SGA can lead to a "brain-sparing effect" due to growth restriction, which may affect cerebral blood flow and brain structure. However, this does not guarantee normal brain development. Restrictive blood flow can result in changes in brain structure, such as reduced total white matter and gray matter volume in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, ultimately leading to decreased head circumference. SGA children also exhibit lower scores in all neurocognitive domains, including intelligence, attention, memory, and executive function. This may result in poor academic performance and an increased risk of social, behavioral, and neurological problems, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, visual and hearing impairments, as well as comorbidities like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), autism spectrum disorder(ASD), anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Several risk factors for SGA-related neurocognitive impairments have been identified, including gestational hypertension, abnormal gestational weight, smoking, and catch-up growth. Studies have shown that the best interventions to improve cognitive dysplasia include nutrient supplementation, continued breastfeeding, high-quality education, and appropriate early intervention (responsive parenting) are effective in improving cognitive outcomes for SGA children.

As medical advances and surgical techniques have improved the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease (CHD), more and more studies have begun to focus on the quality of survival and long-term development of children with CHD. Cognitive and psychological developmental deficits in children with CHD have been well documented. With the development of brain function assessment and neuroimaging techniques in recent years, it has become possible to elucidate the mechanisms of neurocognitive impairment in patients with CHD from a brain science perspective. Providing targeted early follow-up interventions for the population with CHD and promoting their social adaptation have a great clinical significance. This review summarized recent research findings on neurocognitive developmental outcomes in children with CHD from the perspective of behavioral medicine and brain science. This paper focuses on reviewing the mechanisms of brain microstructure damage and brain network dysfunction which may explain neurocognitive impairment in children with CHD, and further explores the early monitoring and intervention programs suitable for clinical development, aiming to suggest possible directions for improving long-term neurocognitive developmental outcomes for CHD population.

A 63-year-old male patient with prostate cancer was treated with bicalutamide (50 mg orally, once daily) combined with goserelin sustained-release implant (10.8 mg subcutaneously once every 3 months), and 27 months later, goserelin was replaced by leuprorelin sustained-release microspheres (3.75 mg subcutaneously once a month). At the 32nd month after bicalutamide treatment, the patient developed progressive dyspnea and decreased physical activity without obvious inducement. At the 36th month after administration of bicalutamide, the patient developed mild edema of both lower limbs. Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound showed that the diameters of left and right atrium were 48 and 45 mm respectively, the left ventricular diameters at end systole and end diastole and the right ventricle diameter were 49, 57, and 28 mm respectively, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 28%. Laboratory test showed that the precursor of B-type brain natriuretic peptide was 4 533 ng/L. Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by bicalutamide was considered. Bicalutamide was discontinued, leuprorelin was injected subcutaneously at a dose as before, and metoprolol, sacubitril and valsartan, and spironolactone were given. After one month of treatment, the patient′s above symptoms disappeared. Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound showed that the diameters of left and right atrium were 40 and 44 mm, respectively, the left ventricular diameters at end systole and end diastole and the right ventricle diameter were 44, 53, and 29 mm, respectively, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 36%. The precursor of type B brain natriuretic peptide was 1 539 ng/L

A 63-year-old male patient with prostate cancer was treated with bicalutamide (50 mg orally, once daily) combined with goserelin sustained-release implant (10.8 mg subcutaneously once every 3 months), and 27 months later, goserelin was replaced by leuprorelin sustained-release microspheres (3.75 mg subcutaneously once a month). At the 32nd month after bicalutamide treatment, the patient developed progressive dyspnea and decreased physical activity without obvious inducement. At the 36th month after administration of bicalutamide, the patient developed mild edema of both lower limbs. Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound showed that the diameters of left and right atrium were 48 and 45 mm respectively, the left ventricular diameters at end systole and end diastole and the right ventricle diameter were 49, 57, and 28 mm respectively, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 28%. Laboratory test showed that the precursor of B-type brain natriuretic peptide was 4 533 ng/L. Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by bicalutamide was considered. Bicalutamide was discontinued, leuprorelin was injected subcutaneously at a dose as before, and metoprolol, sacubitril and valsartan, and spironolactone were given. After one month of treatment, the patient′s above symptoms disappeared. Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound showed that the diameters of left and right atrium were 40 and 44 mm, respectively, the left ventricular diameters at end systole and end diastole and the right ventricle diameter were 44, 53, and 29 mm, respectively, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 36%. The precursor of type B brain natriuretic peptide was 1 539 ng/L

OBJECTIVE：To summarize and analyze t he clinical characteristics of acarbose-induced skin ADR ，and to provide reference for its therapy. METHODS ：Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of a patient with acarbose-induced skin ADR. The patient developed erythema multiforme several days after oral administration of Acarbose tablets （100 mg/d）. After consultation by dermatology and clinical pharmacy ，considering that the adverse reaction was related to acarbose ，clinical pharmacists suggested to stop the drug. Based on the above cases ，clinical pharmacists searched Wanfang database ，CNKI， PubMed，Embase and other databases to collect case reports of skin ADR caused by acarbose ，summarize its general situation （gender，age，usage and dosage ，etc.），latency，ADR（diagnosis and manifestation ），intervention and outcome ，etc. RESULTS ： The doctor adopted the pharmacist s’advice，stopped the use of acarbose ，and gave symptomatic treatment as Methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection 40 mg（intravenous injection ，qd）+Medloratadine tablets 8.8 mg（oral administration ，qd）+Calamine lotion（for external use ）. The patient improved and was discharged after 10 days. A total of 12 literatures involving 12 patients were retrieved. Among the 13 patients included in the analysis （including the above clinical case and 12 literature cases ），there were 8 males and 5 females，and 8 patients of them aged 50 and over；the dosage of acarb ose in most patients was within the requirements of the drug instructions. The primary diseases of 12 patients were diabetes mellitus. The latency of skin ADR in 11 patients was within 6 days of administration. Among the 13 patients，the ADR were diagnosed as rash in 4 cases，pustulosis in 3 cases， erythema multiforme in 2 cases， urticaria in 2 cases， maculopapular rash in 1 case and lip swelling in 1 case. The ADR of 1 patient improved after drug withdrawal ，and 12 patients also improved after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment such as glucocorticoid or antihistamine. Acarbose was re-used in 2 patients after the improvement of first skin ADR ，and skin ADR occurred again ，and the ADR were improved after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS ：Skin ADR are acarbose-induced rare ADR ，mostly within 6 days of medication ，and are more likely to occur in middle-aged and older men. When the patients suffer from ADR ，the drug should be stopped in time and given glucocorticoids or antihistamines for symptomatic treatment. Clinical pharmacists should do a good job in drug publicity and education ，remind patients to closely monitor relevant indicators and ensure drug safety.