Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is an autoimmune disease with high heterogeneity in tissues and organs,Whose pathogenesis is still unclear.Lymphocytes are important immune cells involved in the occurrence and development of SLE.It has been found that the abnormal activation of T cells and B cells are important causes of SLE.In this review,by summarizing the role of T cells and B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE and the latest research progress in lymphocyte-targeted treatment strategy of SLE,the important scientific evidences can be provided to the study of the pathogenesis of SLE and the development of new medicines for the treatment of SLE.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of intestinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours(IMT)in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods The clinical,pathologi-cal morphology,immunophenotype and follow-up results of 5 cases of intestinal IMT in middle-aged and elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results 4 cases of IMT occurred in the right half colon and 1 in the ileum.Most patients(3/5)had a history of intestinal injury,starting the digestive tract symptoms and increased leukocytes.The tumor tissue was composed of fusiform myofibroblasts and fibroblasts arranged in storiform pattern,with an infiltrative growth pattern,accompanied by a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration,collagen formation and myxedema.One case was atypically large and deformed.Immunophenotype:vimentin(5cases),SMA(5 cases),desmin(3 cases),ALK(3 cases),CK(2 cases)were positive.Caldesmon,CD34,β-catenin,MC,CD117,DOG1,S-100,BCL-2,CD99,CD68 were negative,and Ki-67 proliferation index was 1.28%to 10.01%.All the 5 cases underwent complete tumor resection and were followed up for 48.5 to 133 months.Among them,1 patient aged 83 was considered to have tumor recurrence 27 months after surgery.The other patient survived 122 months without tumor and died of other causes.All the others survived without tumor and were in good condition.Conclusion(1)Intestinal IMT in the middle-aged and elderly people in this group was more common in the right half colon,and most of them had a history of intestinal injury,first gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated white blood cells;(2)Vimentin and SMA were positive at the same time,and ALK was more positive;(3)4/5 patients had good surgical resection,and 1/5 patients could relapse 2～3 years after surgery;old age,ALK-positive,Ki67 up to 10%,atypia may be an important risk factor for intestinal IMT recurrence in the elderly,of which ALK-positive patients may have a recurrence risk of 1/3.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene disorders (PGT-M) for a Chinese family affected with Molybdenum co-factor deficiency due to pathogenic variant of MOCS2 gene. METHODS: A family with molybdenum co-factor deficiency who attended to the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in April 2020 was selected as the research subject. Trophoblast cells were biopsied from blastocysts fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Embryos carrying the MOCS2 gene variant and chromosome copy number variation (CNV) of more than 4 Mb were detected by single-cell whole genome amplification, high-throughput sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism typing. Embryos without or carrying the heterozygous variant and without abnormal chromosome CNV were transplanted. During mid-pregnancy, amniotic fluid sample was collected for prenatal diagnosis to verify the results of PGT-M. RESULTS: Eleven oocytes were obtained, among which three blastocysts were formed through culturing. Results of genetic testing suggested that one embryo was heterozygous for the maternally derived MOCS2 gene variant and without chromosomal CNV. Following embryo transfer, intrauterine singleton pregnancy was attained. Prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation revealed that the MOCS2 gene variant and chromosomal analysis results were both consistent with that of PGT-M, and a healthy male infant was born at 37⁺⁵ weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION PGT-M has helped the couple carrying the MOCS2 gene variant to have a healthy offspring, and may become an important method for couples carrying other pathogenic genetic variants.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Aneuploidy ; China ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Genetic Testing/methods* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/methods* ; Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the serological characteristics and molecular mechanism for an individual with p phenotype. METHODS: An individual with p phenotype upon blood group identification at Jiaxing Blood Center in May 2021 was analyzed. ABO, RhD and P1PK blood groups and irregular antibodies in her serum were identified using conventional serological methods. The encoding region of α1, 4-galactosyltransferase gene (A4GALT) encoding P1 and Pk antigens was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). RESULTS: The individual was A group, RhD positive and had a p phenotype of the P1PK blood group system. Anti-PP1Pk was discovered in her serum. Sequencing analysis revealed that she has harbored a homozygous c.343A>T variant of the A4GALT gene. CONCLUSION The homozygous c.343A>T variant of the A4GALT gene probably underlay the p phenotype in this individual.
Female ; Animals ; Blood Group Antigens ; Homozygote ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective:To observe the effects of blue light intervention on the development of optical defocus-induced myopia in guinea pigs and investigate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Forty-eight normal-grade two-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were randomly divided into a blue light group and a white light group, with 24 animals in each group.The right eye of guinea pigs was fitted with a -5.00 D lens to establish an optical defocus model as the experimental eye, while the left eye served as the control without any covering.Before the experiment and after 8-week intervention, the refractive power of guinea pigs was measured by streak retinoscopy.The anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were measured by A-scan ultrasonography.Corneal curvature radius was determined using a keratometer.After 8-week intervention, the guinea pigs were euthanized through overanesthesia, and the right eyeballs were enucleated and the retinas were isolated.The density of S and M cone cells of the guinea pig retinal sections were observed via immunofluorescence staining.The expression of retinal retinoic acid was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography.The expressions of retinoic acid receptor (RAR-β) in the retina and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and type Ⅰ collagen in the sclera were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Changes in scleral thickness were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (No.2022ETKLD10032).Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, guinea pigs in the blue light group showed (0.63±0.12)D of relative hyperopia and a deceleration of axial elongation by (0.08±0.00)mm compared with the white light group in the right eye.In the left eye, guinea pigs in the blue light group showed (0.42±0.09)D of relative hyperopia and a deceleration of axial elongation by (0.08±0.00)mm compared with the white light group.The guinea pigs in blue light group showed (1.52±0.09)D of myopia in the right eye compared with the left eye, with an increase in axial elongation of (0.06±0.00)mm.The guinea pigs in white light group showed (1.66±0.07)D of myopia in the right eye compared with the left eye, with an increase in axial elongation of (0.13±0.00)mm, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The density of M cone cells was lower and density of S cone cells was higher in the blue light group in the dorsal and ventral sides of the retinal sections compared with the white light group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=32.33, 52.23, 42.09, 25.02; all at P<0.05). The deceleration of myopia progression in the blue light group was strongly positively correlated with the increase in S cone cell density on the ventral side ( r=0.95, P<0.01). The expression levels of retinoic acid, RAR-β, and MMP-2 were decreased, and expression levels of TIMP-2 and type Ⅰ collagen were increased in blue light group compared with the white light group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=18.73, 7.45, 3.72, 6.19, 9.03; all at P<0.05). The scleral thickness in the blue light group was (125.0±7.8)μm, which was significantly thicker than (102.0±6.3)μm in the white light group ( t=26.93, P<0.05). Conclusions:Blue light intervention can inhibit the progression of defocus-induced myopia in guinea pigs.Refractive power changes in guinea pigs may be influenced by alterations in retinal cone cell density, retinoic acid expression, and scleral collagen expression.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) derived from hepatocytes on activation of hepatic M1 Kupffer cells. METHODS: A metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) model was established in BALB/c mice by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 16 weeks. Oleic acid was used to induce steatosis in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. The mRNA and protein expressions of LRG1 in mouse liver tissues and hepatocytes were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Primary hepatic macrophages were stimulated with the conditioned medium (CM) from steatotic hepatocyte along with LRG1 or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), or both for 24 h, and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected with Western botting, and the mRNA expressions of iNOS, chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by RT-PCR. The MAFLD mice were injected with LRG1 (n=6), TGF-β1 (n=6), or both (n=6) through the caudal vein, and the live tissues were collected for HE staining and immumohistochemical detection of F4/80 expression; the mRNA expressions of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β in liver tissues were detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of LRG1 were significantly downregulated in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice and steatotic hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Treatment of the hepatic macrophages with CM from steatosis hepatocytes significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β, and these changes were significantly inhibited by the combined treatment with TGF-β1 and LRG1 (P < 0.05). In MAFLD mice, injections with either LRG1 or TGF-β1 alone reduced hepatic lipid deposition and intrahepatic macrophage infiltration, and these effects were significantly enhanced by their combined treatment, which also more strongly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CXCL-1 and IL-1β (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LRG1 inhibits hepatic macrophage infiltration by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling to alleviate fatty liver inflammation in MAFLD mice.
Animals ; Mice ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Macrophage Activation ; Signal Transduction ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Glycoproteins

Objective: A regional pandemic may result in a crisis in providing emergency care to the community and disrupt emergency medical services. This study examined how the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impacted emergency department (ED) preparedness nationwide by describing the current ED operations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed nationwide to emergency physicians. All 57 severe emergency care centers and 35 selected local emergency medical institutions nationwide were invited to participate. The survey consisted of basic ED information, infection guidelines, and operations for ED, preemptive pretriage area details, ED quarantine area details, cohort isolation and preemptive quarantine area, and difficulties or problems in treating infectious patients. Results: Forty-nine severe emergency care centers (86%) and 24 (68.6%) local emergency medical institutions answered the survey. Most EDs (95.9% and 91.7% of severe emergency care centers and local emergency medical institutions, respectively) operated under infection guidelines. In addition, 51% and 72.3% of preemptive pretriage areas in severe emergency care centers and local emergency medical institutions, respectively, placed doctors. Both negative and normal pressurized ED quarantine areas were more placed in severe emergency care centers (3 and 3 vs. 0.5 and 1 of severe emergency care centers and local emergency medical institutions, respectively). In severe emergency care centers, the preemptive quarantine areas were operated more than the cohort isolation areas (63.3% vs. 40.8%). Common difficulties expressed by EDs were delayed polymerase chain reaction test results (4.5 and 4.1 of severe emergency care centers and local emergency medical institutions, respectively) and a fear of infection with ED shutdown (4.4 and 4.1 of severe emergency care centers and local emergency medical institutions, respectively). Conclusion This study surveyed how ED care was changed by the pandemic and how current resources are redeployed nationwide. These results may be used as a basis for future ED pandemic preparedness.

A viable spermatozoon is a prerequisite for fertilization in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Thus, it is crucial to select viable but immotile spermatozoa on the day of ICSI. We report conflicting results in the identification of viable but immotile spermatozoa between the eosin-nigrosin staining and the laser test, which resulted in confusion for embryologists during assisted reproductive technology (ART). Three patients’ semen samples that showed no motile spermatozoa are described in this report. To identify viable spermatozoa, we used both the eosin-nigrosin test and the laser test for each sample, and repeated the semen analysis twice in each patient. Viable but immotile spermatozoa selected by the laser test were used for ICSI. Viable spermatozoa were detected by both the eosin-nigrosin and laser tests in two patients (case 1, 95.00% vs. 24.21% and 92.68% vs. 22.22%; case 2, 41.18% vs. 23.48% and 39.81% vs. 22.52%), indicating consistent results between the two methods. In the third patient, the eosin-nigrosin test yielded viability rates of 20.75% and 19.14%, while the result of the laser test was 0%. Thus, testicular aspiration was performed to collect viable sperm from this patient. Normal fertilization was achieved after the injection of viable but immotile spermatozoa selected from these patients by the laser test, resulting in the birth of two healthy babies. Our study documents a case where the eosin-nigrosin test showed a limitation in identifying viable but immotile spermatozoa for ART, while the laser test may overcome this limitation. Larger samples may be required to corroborate the clinical value of the laser test.
Fertilization ; Humans ; Parturition ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa

Objective    To evaluate the effect of fast track surgery (FTS) after esophageal cancer surgery. Methods    The randomized controlled trial (RCT) and observational studies about FTS for esophageal cancer in PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI and WanFang databases were searched up to May 2017. Then the studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers. Data were analyzed by Stata12.0 software. Results     Totally 13 RCTs and 5 observational studies with 2 447 patients were eligible for analysis. Compared with the control group, incidence of postoperative complications (OR=0.53, 95%CI 0.40 to 0.71, P<0.05) significantly reduced in the FTS group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in readmission rate (OR=1.21, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.76, P=0.313) and 30 d mortality rate (OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.43 to 1.20, P=0.207). Conclusion    FTS can safely and effectively accelerate the recovery of patients with esophageal cancer and it owns important clinical values.

The aim of this study was to report a successful pregnancy using completely immotile frozen-thawed spermatozoa selected by laser. A single laser shot was used to detect the presence of viable immotile spermatozoa in fresh and frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. The viability rate was 55.8% after the laser detection, and cryopreservation was carried out immediately. The thawing test was performed on the day of oocyte pick-up, and no motile sperm were observed after extending the culture for another 4 hours, while a survival rate of 39.8% was detected using the laser. In all, five mature oocytes were injected, resulting in four cases of normal fertilization (80%) on day 1. Further, two high-quality day 3 embryos were transferred, which resulted in a singleton pregnancy. Our study demonstrates that completely immotile spermatozoa are worth cryopreserving for further intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which provides a new insight into male fertility preservation in cases of completely immotile spermatozoa.
Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures ; Fertility Preservation ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Male ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa* ; Survival Rate