Objective:To explore the possibility of using a inferior gluteal artery perforator flap (IGAPF) for breast reconstruction in the patient who did not have suitable donor site in back and abdomen.Methods:In November 2024, a 25-year-old unmarried and childless woman with right breast cancer received immediate right breast reconstruction by a right free IGAPF after modified right mastectomy in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. The locations of perforators were confirmed by both Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) and portable Doppler blood flow detector before surgery. The IGAPF was designed to take the inferior gluteal wrinkle as the lower edge, the axis of the flap was parallel to the inferior gluteal wrinkle, and the width of the flap was estimated where the incision could be directly closed. The size of right IGAPF was 6.0 cm×19.0 cm. Sharp dissection was performed between the sarcolemma and muscle fibres of gluteus, then the perforators were dissected along the direction of muscle fibres of gluteus. The vascular pedicle was kept at about 8.0 cm in length. The diameter of artery was about 2.0 mm and that for the veins was about 1.5 mm. End-to-end anastomoses with the right thoracodorsal artery and vein were successfully carried out. The donor site was directly closed, and it was hidden in the inferior gluteal wrinkle. Postoperative outpatient clinical review was made.Results:Pathological examination reported: an invasive carcinoma of right breast, axillary lymph node metastasis (2/10). The patient recovered well and the flap survived without any complication, i.e. ischemic necrosis, infection and haematoma. The patient was off-bed at 3 days and discharged at 13 days after surgery. At the 40 days of postoperative follow-up, the patient achieved a good recovery and the lower limb activity was not affected by the surgery. The patient was satisfied with the reconstructed breast and donor site recovery. The patient followed with scheduled chemotherapy and subsequent radiotherapy. The volume of reconstructed breast was smaller than the other breast, of which the patient was fully informed before the surgery.Conclusion:A free IGAPF provides an alternative donor sites for achieving a breast reconstruction due to the reliable pedicle vessels and invisible donor scars.

Objective To sort,summarize,and introduce key terms related to guideline reporting,evaluation,dissemination,implementation,and updating.Methods We systematically searched guideline de-velopment manuals and methodological literature from database inception to October 25,2024.Terms related to guideline reporting,updating,evaluation,and implementation were extracted,standardized,and finalized through a structured consensus process.Results A total of 13 guideline manuals and 32 methodological articles were included,yielding 14 core terms with standardized definitions.Conclusions This article introduces key terms such as reporting standards,external review,and research gaps across guideline development phases to promote concept application and deepen readers'understanding of guideline development.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the synthesis of high-quality CT (sCT) from cone-beam CT (CBCT) using PE-CycleGAN for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: A perception-enhanced CycleGAN model "PE-CycleGAN" was proposed, introducing dual-contrast discriminator loss, multi-perceptual generator loss, and improved U-Net structure. CBCT and CT data from 80 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were used as the training set, with 7 cases as the test set. By quantifying the mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), as well as the dose gamma pass rate and the relative dose deviations of the target area and organs at risk (OAR) between sCT and reference CT, the image quality and dose calculation accuracy of sCT were evaluated. RESULTS: The MAE of sCT generated by PE-CycleGAN compared to the reference CT was (56.89±13.84) HU, approximately 30% lower than CBCT's (81.06±15.86) HU (P<0.001). PE-CycleGAN's PSNR and SSIM were 26.69±2.41dB and 0.92±0.02 respectively, significantly higher than CBCT's 21.54±2.37dB and 0.86±0.05 (P<0.001), indicating substantial improvements in image quality and structural similarity. In gamma analysis, under the 2 mm/2% criterion, PE-CycleGAN's sCT achieved a pass rate of (90.13±3.75)%, significantly higher than CBCT's (81.65±3.92)% (P<0.001) and CycleGAN's (87.69±3.50)% (P<0.05). Under the 3 mm/3% criterion, PE-CycleGAN's sCT pass rate of (90.13±3.75)% was also significantly superior to CBCT's (86.92±3.51)% (P<0.001) and CycleGAN's (94.58±2.23)% (P<0.01). The mean relative dose deviation of the target area and OAR between sCT and planned CT was within ±3% for all regions, except for the Lens Dmax (Gy), which had a deviation of 3.38% (P=0.09). The mean relative dose deviations for PTVnx HI, PTVnd HI, PTVnd CI, PTV1 HI, PRV_SC, PRV_BS, Parotid, Larynx, Oral, Mandible, and PRV_ON were all less than ±1% (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS PE-CycleGAN demonstrates the ability to rapidly synthesize high-quality sCT from CBCT, offering a promising approach for CBCT-guided adaptive radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Humans ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated

To introduce and analyze guideline terminology related to clinical question formulation, evidence retrieval and appraisal, and recommendation development.

Objective:To investigate the effects of resistance exercise combined with probiotic supplementation on blood glucose levels and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus who received treatment at Tunliu Hospital, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi from January 2022 to January 2024. These patients were divided into an exercise group and a combined group, with 60 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The exercise group received resistance exercise, while the combined group received probiotic supplementation in addition to the resistance exercise regimen. Both groups underwent intervention for 8 weeks. Levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, amylin, and adiponectin were compared between the two groups. Additionally, weight gain during pregnancy, quality of life (as measured by 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores), pregnancy outcomes, and safety were also compared between the two groups.Results:The levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the exercise group (5.11 ± 0.69) mmol/L vs. [(6.77 ± 0.57) mmol/L, t = 1.93, P = 0.044; (6.18 ± 1.64) mmol/L vs. (7.96 ± 1.61) mmol/L, t = 2.83, P < 0.001; (5.54 ± 0.35)% vs. (6.14 ± 0.52)%, t = 2.73, P < 0.001]. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the exercise group [(5.91 ± 0.85) mmol/L vs. (6.12 ± 0.22) mmol/L, t = 4.91, P = 0.030; (2.29 ± 0.32) mmol/L vs. (2.32 ± 0.29) mmol/L, t = 1.88, P < 0.001; (2.11 ± 0.44) mmol/L vs. (2.43 ± 0.36) mmol/L, t = 5.76, P < 0.001]. The levels of amylin and adiponectin in the combined group were signficantly higher than those in the exercise group [(94.52 ± 9.14) ng/mL vs. (87.56 ± 7.92) ng/mL, t = 6.42, P < 0.001; (6.64 ± 1.63) μg/mL vs. (5.86 ± 1.32) μg/mL, t = 2.83, P < 0.001]. The combined group had less weight gain than the exercise group [(10.71 ± 5.77) kg vs. (13.04 ± 6.48) kg, t = 5.15, P < 0.001]. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores of the combined group were significantly higher than those of the exercise group [(89.92 ± 5.94) vs. (74.28 ± 5.31), t = 12.81, P < 0.001]. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the exercise group: [6.67% (4/60) vs. 20.00% (12/60), χ2 = 4.16, P = 0.041]. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Resistance exercise combined with probiotic supplementation can effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, improve their quality of life and pregnancy outcomes, and ensure good safety.

Objective To sort,summarize,and introduce key terms related to guideline reporting,evaluation,dissemination,implementation,and updating.Methods We systematically searched guideline de-velopment manuals and methodological literature from database inception to October 25,2024.Terms related to guideline reporting,updating,evaluation,and implementation were extracted,standardized,and finalized through a structured consensus process.Results A total of 13 guideline manuals and 32 methodological articles were included,yielding 14 core terms with standardized definitions.Conclusions This article introduces key terms such as reporting standards,external review,and research gaps across guideline development phases to promote concept application and deepen readers'understanding of guideline development.

Objective:To investigate the effects of resistance exercise combined with probiotic supplementation on blood glucose levels and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus who received treatment at Tunliu Hospital, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi from January 2022 to January 2024. These patients were divided into an exercise group and a combined group, with 60 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The exercise group received resistance exercise, while the combined group received probiotic supplementation in addition to the resistance exercise regimen. Both groups underwent intervention for 8 weeks. Levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, amylin, and adiponectin were compared between the two groups. Additionally, weight gain during pregnancy, quality of life (as measured by 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores), pregnancy outcomes, and safety were also compared between the two groups.Results:The levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the exercise group (5.11 ± 0.69) mmol/L vs. [(6.77 ± 0.57) mmol/L, t = 1.93, P = 0.044; (6.18 ± 1.64) mmol/L vs. (7.96 ± 1.61) mmol/L, t = 2.83, P < 0.001; (5.54 ± 0.35)% vs. (6.14 ± 0.52)%, t = 2.73, P < 0.001]. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the exercise group [(5.91 ± 0.85) mmol/L vs. (6.12 ± 0.22) mmol/L, t = 4.91, P = 0.030; (2.29 ± 0.32) mmol/L vs. (2.32 ± 0.29) mmol/L, t = 1.88, P < 0.001; (2.11 ± 0.44) mmol/L vs. (2.43 ± 0.36) mmol/L, t = 5.76, P < 0.001]. The levels of amylin and adiponectin in the combined group were signficantly higher than those in the exercise group [(94.52 ± 9.14) ng/mL vs. (87.56 ± 7.92) ng/mL, t = 6.42, P < 0.001; (6.64 ± 1.63) μg/mL vs. (5.86 ± 1.32) μg/mL, t = 2.83, P < 0.001]. The combined group had less weight gain than the exercise group [(10.71 ± 5.77) kg vs. (13.04 ± 6.48) kg, t = 5.15, P < 0.001]. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores of the combined group were significantly higher than those of the exercise group [(89.92 ± 5.94) vs. (74.28 ± 5.31), t = 12.81, P < 0.001]. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the exercise group: [6.67% (4/60) vs. 20.00% (12/60), χ2 = 4.16, P = 0.041]. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Resistance exercise combined with probiotic supplementation can effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, improve their quality of life and pregnancy outcomes, and ensure good safety.

Objective:To explore the possibility of using a inferior gluteal artery perforator flap (IGAPF) for breast reconstruction in the patient who did not have suitable donor site in back and abdomen.Methods:In November 2024, a 25-year-old unmarried and childless woman with right breast cancer received immediate right breast reconstruction by a right free IGAPF after modified right mastectomy in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. The locations of perforators were confirmed by both Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) and portable Doppler blood flow detector before surgery. The IGAPF was designed to take the inferior gluteal wrinkle as the lower edge, the axis of the flap was parallel to the inferior gluteal wrinkle, and the width of the flap was estimated where the incision could be directly closed. The size of right IGAPF was 6.0 cm×19.0 cm. Sharp dissection was performed between the sarcolemma and muscle fibres of gluteus, then the perforators were dissected along the direction of muscle fibres of gluteus. The vascular pedicle was kept at about 8.0 cm in length. The diameter of artery was about 2.0 mm and that for the veins was about 1.5 mm. End-to-end anastomoses with the right thoracodorsal artery and vein were successfully carried out. The donor site was directly closed, and it was hidden in the inferior gluteal wrinkle. Postoperative outpatient clinical review was made.Results:Pathological examination reported: an invasive carcinoma of right breast, axillary lymph node metastasis (2/10). The patient recovered well and the flap survived without any complication, i.e. ischemic necrosis, infection and haematoma. The patient was off-bed at 3 days and discharged at 13 days after surgery. At the 40 days of postoperative follow-up, the patient achieved a good recovery and the lower limb activity was not affected by the surgery. The patient was satisfied with the reconstructed breast and donor site recovery. The patient followed with scheduled chemotherapy and subsequent radiotherapy. The volume of reconstructed breast was smaller than the other breast, of which the patient was fully informed before the surgery.Conclusion:A free IGAPF provides an alternative donor sites for achieving a breast reconstruction due to the reliable pedicle vessels and invisible donor scars.

With the development of modern medical standards,autoimmune diseases and their associ-ated successive osteoporosis have received increasing attention in recent years.Patients with autoimmune diseases,due to the characteristics of the disease and the prolonged use of glucocorticoid hormone thera-py,may affect the bone formation and bone absorption of the patient,followed by severe successive osteo-porosis,thereby increasing the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Vertebral compression fractures of the spine are common fracture types in patients with osteoporotic fractures.Osteoporosis is a common complication after glucocorticoid therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases.Percutaneous vertebro-plasty(PVP)and percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)are minimally invasive operation and are commonly used surgical methods for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.However,due to the operation of spinal puncture during the operation,there are serious surgical risks such as bone cement leakage,spinal epidural hemorrhage,subdural hemorrhage,and subarachnoid hemorrhage in both PVP and PKP.As a result,it is necessary to evaluate the patient's body before surgery carefully,especially in the case of blood coagulation.This article reports a case of autoimmune disease patient admitted to Peking University People's Hospital due to lumbar 4 vertebral compression fracture combined with Sj?gren's syn-drome.The patient's preoperative examination showed that the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)was significantly prolonged.After completing the APTT extended screening experiment and lu-pus anticoagulant factor testing,the multi-disciplinary team(MDT)of Peking University People's Hospi-tal jointly discussed the conclusion that the patient's test results were caused by an abnormal self-immuni-ty anti-copulant lupus(LAC).Based on the results of the laboratory examination,the patient was con-sidered to be diagnosed with combined antiphospholipid syndrome(APS).For such patients,compared with the patient's tendency to bleed,we should pay more attention to the risk of high blood clotting in the lower limbs of the patient,pulmonary clots and so on.With timely anti-coagulation treatment,the patient safely passed the peripheral period and was successfully discharged from the hospital.Therefore,for pa-tients with autoimmune diseases with prolonged APTT in the perioperative period,doctors need to careful-ly identify the actual cause and carry out targeted treatment in order to minimize the risk of surgical and perioperative complications and bring satisfactory treatment results to the patients.

The interaction of gut microbiota and its metabolites with the host not only plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis and host health, but also is a key link in responding to pathogen infections. A thorough understanding of the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites during infection, as well as their role and mechanism in host defense against infection, is helpful to guide anti-infection treatment. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in host defense against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, and reveals that they can exert anti-infection effects through resistance mechanisms (inducing antimicrobial substances, training immunity, inhibiting pathogen respiration, directly neutralizing pathogens, immune regulation) and tolerance mechanisms (altering energy metabolism patterns of microbiota, cell proliferation and tissue damage repair, maintaining physiological signal transduction in extraintestinal organs, inflammation regulation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier), and also summarizes measures to regulate gut microbiota against pathogen infections, in order to provide more ideas for novel anti-infection prevention and treatment strategies targeting gut microbiota and its metabolites.