ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of the Qi-regulating and phlegm-removing method（Liu Junzitang Combined with Linggang Wuwei Jiangxintang） for treating acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） with increased eosinophils （EOS）. MethodsSixty-eight AECOPD patients with increased EOS who were hospitalized in the Department of Pulmonary Diseases of Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024 were recruited and randomly assigned to an experimental group （EG） or a control group （CG）. Both groups received conventional Western medicine， with the EG additionally receiving Liujunzitang and Linggan Wuwei Jiangxintang. The therapeutic efficacy indicators were measured after the treatment. The main therapeutic efficacy indicators included partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂） and partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂）. The secondary efficacy indicators included the TCM symptom scores， the COPD Assessment Test （CAT） score， the Modified Medical Research Council （mMRC） Dyspnea Scale score， and the length of hospital stay. The indicators were measured at baseline and on days 3 and 7 of intervention. The safety was evaluated based on the adverse events. ResultsBaseline characteristics were not statistically different between the two groups. Compared with CG， EG showed no significant difference in PaO₂ （P=0.773）， PaCO₂ （P=0.632） and or CAT score （P=0.336） at on day 3 but better PaO₂ （P=0.004）， PaCO₂ （P=0.008）， and CAT score （P=0.013） were significantly better at on day 7. Compared with CGAfter treatment， EG had lower TCM syndrome scores of than CG EG on day 3 （P=0.005） and day 7 were significantly decreased （P0.001）. There was no significant difference in mMRC score between the two groups on day 3 （P=0.514） and day 7 （P=0.176） as wasor the length of hospital stay （P=0.915）. The generalized linear mixed model （GLMM） showed that compared with CG， EG had significant improvements over time in PaO₂， PaCO₂， TCM syndrome symptom scores， CAT score， and mMRC score. ConclusionRegulating qi Qi and removing phlegm combined with conventional Western medicine can significantly alleviateimprove the clinical symptoms and improve the lung function of AECOPD patients with increased EOS increased AECOPDwhich has and demonstrates good safety.

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of the Qi-regulating and phlegm-removing method（Liu Junzitang Combined with Linggang Wuwei Jiangxintang） for treating acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） with increased eosinophils （EOS）. MethodsSixty-eight AECOPD patients with increased EOS who were hospitalized in the Department of Pulmonary Diseases of Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024 were recruited and randomly assigned to an experimental group （EG） or a control group （CG）. Both groups received conventional Western medicine， with the EG additionally receiving Liujunzitang and Linggan Wuwei Jiangxintang. The therapeutic efficacy indicators were measured after the treatment. The main therapeutic efficacy indicators included partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂） and partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂）. The secondary efficacy indicators included the TCM symptom scores， the COPD Assessment Test （CAT） score， the Modified Medical Research Council （mMRC） Dyspnea Scale score， and the length of hospital stay. The indicators were measured at baseline and on days 3 and 7 of intervention. The safety was evaluated based on the adverse events. ResultsBaseline characteristics were not statistically different between the two groups. Compared with CG， EG showed no significant difference in PaO₂ （P=0.773）， PaCO₂ （P=0.632） and or CAT score （P=0.336） at on day 3 but better PaO₂ （P=0.004）， PaCO₂ （P=0.008）， and CAT score （P=0.013） were significantly better at on day 7. Compared with CGAfter treatment， EG had lower TCM syndrome scores of than CG EG on day 3 （P=0.005） and day 7 were significantly decreased （P0.001）. There was no significant difference in mMRC score between the two groups on day 3 （P=0.514） and day 7 （P=0.176） as wasor the length of hospital stay （P=0.915）. The generalized linear mixed model （GLMM） showed that compared with CG， EG had significant improvements over time in PaO₂， PaCO₂， TCM syndrome symptom scores， CAT score， and mMRC score. ConclusionRegulating qi Qi and removing phlegm combined with conventional Western medicine can significantly alleviateimprove the clinical symptoms and improve the lung function of AECOPD patients with increased EOS increased AECOPDwhich has and demonstrates good safety.

Rice is the world's largest food crop, and its yield and quality are directly related to food security and human health. Grain size, as one of the important factors determining the rice yield, has been widely concerned by breeders and researchers for a long time. To decipher the regulatory mechanism of rice grain size, we obtained a multi-tiller, dwarf, and small-grain mutant htd1 by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation from the Japonica rice cultivar 'Zhonghua 11' ('ZH11'). Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of htd1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Using the mutation site map (Mutmap) method, we identified the candidate gene OsHTD1, which encoded a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of strigolactone (SL). The SL content in htd1 was significantly lower than that in 'ZH11'. Cytological analysis showed that the grain size of the mutant decreased due to the reductions in the length and width of glume cells. The function of htd1 was further verified by the CRISPR/cas9 gene editing technology. The plants with the gene knockout exhibited similar grain size to the mutant. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of multiple grain size-related genes in the mutant changed significantly, suggesting that HTD1 may interact with other genes regulating grain size. This study provides a new theoretical basis for research on the regulatory mechanism of rice grain size and potential genetic resources for breeding the rice cultivars with high yields.
Oryza/growth & development* ; Mutation ; Edible Grain/growth & development* ; Alleles ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Dioxygenases/genetics* ; Lactones/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Gene Editing ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Phenotype

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop. The appearance of lesion mimics in rice leads to phytohormone disorders, which affects rice adaptation to environmental stresses and ultimately reduces the yield and quality. To explore whether the changes in the adaptability of rice lesion-mimic mutants to stressful environments are caused by the disorder of phytohormone metabolism in plants. In this study, we screened an ethyl methane sulfonate-treated population of the japonica cultivar 'Taipei 309' for a mutant with rust-like spots on leaves at the early tillering stage and brown-red spots at maturity and named it rsl1 (rust spotted leaf 1). Compared with the wild type, rsl1 showed decreases in plant height, panicle length, primary branch number, secondary branch number, filled grains per panicle, seed-setting rate, and 1 000-grain weight, and an increase in number of effective panicles. Genetic analysis indicated that rsl1 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. RSL1 was localized between two molecular markers, B7-7 and B7-9, on rice chromosome 7 by map-based cloning. PCR sequencing of the annotated genes in this interval revealed a mutation of C1683A on the eighth exon of SPL5 (LOC_Os07g10390) in rsl1, which resulted in premature termination of protein translation. Exogenous phytohormone treatments showed that rsl1 was less sensitive to salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indo-3-acetic acid (IAA) and more sensitive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellin acid (GA) than the wild type. In addition, the survival rate of rsl1 was lower than that of the wild type under salt, alkali, drought, and high temperature stresses, and it was higher than that of the wild type under cold stress. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that RSL1 was involved in the regulation of ABA, SA, MeJA, IAA, and GA-related genes under abiotic stresses. The present study showed that the RSL1 mutation led to the appearance of lesion mimics and affected the growth, development, and stress resistance of rsl1 under abiotic stresses. The study of the functional mechanism of this gene can provide theoretical guidance for the research on rice stress resistance.
Oryza/microbiology* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Plant Diseases/genetics* ; Cloning, Molecular ; Chromosome Mapping ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Mutation ; Cyclopentanes ; Genes, Plant ; Plant Leaves/genetics* ; Oxylipins

Synthetic biology, recognized as one of the most revolutionary interdisciplinary fields in the 21st century, has established innovative strategies for the genetic improvement of rice through the integration of multidisciplinary technologies including genome editing, genetic circuit design, metabolic engineering, and artificial intelligence. This review systematically summarizes recent research advancements and breakthrough achievements in the application of synthetic biology in the genetic improvement of rice, focusing on three critical domains: yield improvement, nutritional quality fortification, and reinforcement of disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. It elucidates that synthetic biology enables precise genomic and metabolic pathway engineering through modular, standard, and systematic approaches, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional breeding methods characterized by prolonged cycles and restricted trait modification capabilities. The implementation of synthetic biology has facilitated synergistic improvement of multi-traits, thereby providing critical technical references for developing elite rice cultivars with superior productivity and nutritional value. These technological breakthroughs hold significant implications for ensuring global food security and promoting green and sustainable development of agriculture.
Oryza/growth & development* ; Synthetic Biology/methods* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Plant Breeding/methods* ; Gene Editing ; Genetic Engineering/methods* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Disease Resistance/genetics*

OBJECTIVE To establish a preparation system for megakaryocytes(MKs)derived from human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)and MK microparticles(MKMPs),and to assess the pro-angio-genic efficiency of these microparticles.METHODS ①hESCs were induced to mesodermal progenitor cells via monolayer culture with the first-stage induction medium for 2 days before the cells were induced to hemogenic endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor cells by culturing with the second-stage induction medium for another 3 days.Then,the cells were dissociated into single cells,seeded into the third-stage induction medium,and cultured using the suspension method for 8 days to obtain MKs.The specific characters of differentiated cells were identified through morphological observation and flow cytometry before stage-specific marker proteins in different periods were analyzed[hESCs:TRA-1-60,sialyl glycolipid stage-specific embryonic antigen4(SSEA4)];mesodermal progenitor cells:brachyury;hemogenic endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor cells:CD34,CD43;MKs:CD41a,CD42b),and immu-nofluorescence staining[β1-tubulin,von Willebrand factor(VWF)],[friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1),CD42].② MKMP collection and verification:MKMPs were collected via differential centrifugation.The concentration and size of these MKMPs were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA),and both the morphology and ultrastructure were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Besides,the MKMPs-specific proteins[CD41,tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101)and CD9]were detected by Western blotting analysis.③ Biological function of MKMPs:MKMPs were stained with CD41a-PE antibodies and co-cultured with human umbilical veinvascular endothelial cells(HUVECs)labeled by CD34-APC for 3 h.Live-cell immunofluorescence was employed to find out whether HUVECs could absorb MKMPs.To find out whether MKMPs could affect the role of HUVECs in angio-genesis and cell migration,platelet microvesicles(PMPs)were used as positive controls.The experi-mental groups were added with different concentrations of microparticles(1,5,10 and 20 mg·L-1)while the control group was given no microparticles(0 mg·L-1).The number of nodes that formed the lumen after 5 h of incubation in Matrigel was counted,and the size of healing of the scratch area was analyzed after 6 h.To elucidate the mechanism through which MKMPs impacted angiogenesis,ELISA was used out to quantitatively detect the concentration of proteins in microparticles.RESULTS ① A three-stage differentiation cultural system was established to develop hESCs into MKs.Flow cytometry revealed progressive loss of pluripotency markers SSEA4 and TRA-1-60,while the mesodermal progenitor marker brachyury peaked at d 2.Subsequently,hemogenic endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor markers CD34 and CD43 emerged at d 5,followed by megakaryocytic markers CD41a and CD42b at d 13.Immunofluorescent images further demonstrated that MKs expressed specific proteins CD42,β1-tubulin,von VWF and FLI1 at d 13.②Microparticles were collected via differential centrifuga-tion.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that their substructure exhibited a typical double-layered membrane.Nanoparticle tracking analysis indicated that the size was(164.3±14.0)nm.The result of WB demonstrated that the microparticles expressed specific markers,including TSG101,CD9 and CD41.③ MKMPs were absorbed after being co-cultured with HUVECs for 3 h and enhanced the ability of HUVECs to form tubes and migrate.Notably,the treatment of 5 mg·L-1 MKMPs was more effective than 5 mg·L-1 PMPs treatment.The results of ELISA showed that the content of VEGF from MKMPs was higher than from PMPs,which may be the key factor in regulating endothelial biological function.CONCLUSION MKs derived from hESCs can generate functional microparticles which can promote angiogenesis.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of FLASH irradiation(FLASH-RT) and conventional irradiation (CONV-RT) on radiation-induced injury to the brain tissue of healthy mice using a domestically developed X-FLASH platform.Methods:Ninety healthy 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham irradiation(Sham) group, CONV-RT group, and FLASH-RT group, with 30 mice in each group. A single dose of 20 Gy whole-brain radiotherapy was administered, with a dose rate of 339 Gy/s for FLASH radiotherapy and 0.067 Gy/s for conventional radiotherapy. The effects of different radiotherapy modalities on neurological function and neuroinflammation were assessed using water maze test, open field test, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemical analysis (GFAP, Iba-1).Results:There were significant differences in body weight between the CONV group and the FLASH group at 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 24 d after radiotherapy ( q=2.82-5.31, P<0.05). At 4 months after radiotherapy, there were significant differences between the FLASH group and the CONV group in escape latency, platform crossings, central zone crossings, and Thigmotaxis distance ratio ( q=3.72, 2.92, 3.28, 2.97, P<0.05). Quantitative Nissl staining result revealed significant differences between the CONV group and the FLASH group in the CA3 and DG regions ( q=3.61, 3.21, P<0.05), but not in the CA1 region ( P>0.05). Immunohistochemical result showed a significant difference between the CONV group and the FLASH group in the percentage of GFAP + positive area ( q=2.28, P<0.05), but not in the number of Iba-1 + cells ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared to conventional radiotherapy, X-FLASH radiotherapy causes less radiation-induced injury to the brain tissue, thus holding a promising prospect for clinical translation.

Objective:To construct a multilevel nursing featured case bank, and to explore the effect of the case bank in clinical teaching of professional postgraduate nursing students, and to provide new ideas for teaching reform.Methods:Sixty professional postgraduate nursing students who interned in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from May to September 2022 and from May to September 2023 were selected. The 30 professional postgraduate nursing students who interned from May to September 2022 were included in the control group, and the 30 professional postgraduate nursing students who interned from May to September 2023 were included in the intervention group. The control group was taught by the teaching teacher using the traditional teaching courseware of the internship department and instructed by the teaching teacher for taking care of the real patients and writing nursing records. The intervention group employed the multilevel nursing featured case bank for teaching on this basis. The autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability were compared between the two groups before and after 2 months of intervention, respectively, and the satisfaction to the case bank was evaluated. The SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for t-test and chi-square test. Results:After 2 months of teaching, the autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability scores were (104.50±7.20) points and (283.73±19.42) points in the control group and (113.27±4.90) points and (304.60±13.40) points in the intervention group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Twenty-seven (90.00%) students were satisfied with the multilevel nursing featured case bank. Conclusions:Application of the multilevel nursing featured case bank to clinical teaching can effectively improve the autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability of professional postgraduate nursing students. It is an effective way to cultivate professional postgraduate nursing students.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients with hepatitis C in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis C. MethodsThe data on patients with hepatitis C, as well as whose current address is in Jinhua City, from 2005 to 2023 were collected from the infectious disease surveillance system of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and demographic distribution characteristics of hepatitis C. ResultsA total of 2 326 cases of hepatitis C were reported in Jinhua from 2005 to 2023, including 2 death cases, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.19/100 000, showing a trend which rose first and then declined and then rose again. Hepatitis C was reported all the year round without significant seasonal pattern. In terms of the number of reported cases and the average annual incidence rate, Yiwu City ranked the first place. From 2005 to 2023, a total of 1 438 (61.82%) male cases and 888 (38.18%) female cases were reported, and the reported incidence rate was higher for males (2.62/100 000) than that for females (1.74/100 000), showing a statistically significant difference (χ²=92.937, P<0.001). Most cases aged between 30 to <50 years old (1 175, 50.52%), and the incidence rate of hepatitis C among the age group of 40‒<50, 50‒<60, 60‒<70 years old was showing an upward trend, with farmers (1 024, 44.02%) as the main occupation . ConclusionThe prevalence of hepatitis C in Jinhua City is generally at a low level, with an incidence rate of increasing and then decreasing, but rise up again after 2019. Therefore, epidemic surveillance and health education among the male, middle-aged and elderly people and farmers, as well as the key regions where the migrant workers flows in should be enhanced.