Objective To investigate the population density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into A. albopictus control and management of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of A. albopictus density was performed in all surveillance sites assigned across all streets (townships) in Guangzhou City during the period from January to December from 2021 to 2023. The surveillance frequency was twice every half month from May to September, and once every month for the rest of a year. In each surveillance period, A. albopictus mosquito larvae were captured from indoor and outdoor small water containers in residential areas, parks, medical facilities, schools, other government sectors and social organizations, construction sites, special industries and others for mosquito species identification. Adult mosquitoes were captured using electric mosquito suction apparatus for species identification and gender classification. Adult mosquitoes and mosquito eggs were collected with mosquito and egg traps at the breeding and dwelling places of Aedes mosquitoes for identification. The mosquito oviposition index (MOI), Breteau index (BI), adult mosquito density index (ADI) and standard space index (SSI) were calculated. The A. albopictus density was classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 in each surveillance site, with Grade 0 density defined eligible, and the eligible rate of A. albopictus density was calculated at all surveillance sites each year from 2021 to 2023. In addition, the changing trends in MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus were analyzed in Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Results The eligible rates of A. albopictus density were 61.69%, 68.75% and 55.15% in surveillance sites of Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023 (χ² = 297.712, P < 0.001), and appeared a tendency towards a reduction followed by a rise each year, which gradually reduced since January, maintained at a low level during the period between May and October, and gradually increased from November to December. The MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus all appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Guangzhou City during the period between January and December from 2021 to 2023. The BI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (4.03), the first half of July in 2022 (3.89) and the last half of August in 2023 (5.02), and the SSI of A. albopictus peaked in the last half of June in 2021 (0.93), the last half of May in 2022 (0.59), and the last half of June (0.94) and the first half of September in 2023 (1.12). In addition, the MOI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of May in 2021 (8.64), the first half of June in 2022 (8.96), and the last half of May (10.21) and the last half of June in 2023 (10.89), and the ADI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (3.41), the last half of June in 2022 (4.06), and the first half of July in 2023 (3.61). Conclusions The density of A. albopictus is high in Guangzhou City during the period from May to October, and the risk of local outbreak caused by imported dengue fever is high. Persistent intensified surveillance of the density and seasonal fluctuation of A. albopictus is recommended and timely mosquito prevention and control is required according to the fluctuation in the A. albopictus density.

Objective: To explore the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age, providing scientific evidences for the prevention and control of childhood obesity. Methods: A total of 2 432 mother-child pairs with maternal lipid tests during pregnancy and offspring s physical growth data at 3 years of age were included from the Borin in Guangzhou Cohort Study up to September 2021. Lipid indicators, including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), were measured at 13-19 +6 weeks (mid pregnancy) and 32-39 +6 weeks (late pregnancy). Children s body mass index (BMI) Z score were calculated according to the World Health Organization s growth standards for children under 5 years old. The lipid Z score were divided into four quartiles: Q 1, Q 2, Q 3 and Q 4. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and offspring’s BMI Z score at 3 years of age. Poisson regression with a robust error variance was employed to evaluate the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and the at risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age, after adjusting for maternal age at conception, education level, parity, pre pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus. Results: There was a statistically significnt difference in the detection rate of overweight and obesity risk among children with different mothers s pre pregnancy BMI ( χ 2=22.85, P <0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that TG levels in late pregnancy were positively related to BMI Z score ( β=0.10, 95%CI=0.02-0.18, P <0.05). Poisson regression with a robust error variance indicated that, compared with the Q 1 group of TC, the Q 4 group of TC in mid pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age ( RR=1.59, 95%CI =1.04-2.44); compared with the Q 1 group of TG, the Q 4 group of TG during late pregnancy increased the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age ( RR=1.79, 95%CI =1.02-3.12) (both P <0.05). Conclusions Maternal serum TC level during mid pregnancy can increase the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age. Maternal serum TG levels during late pregnancy is positively correlated with BMI and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age.

Hyssopus cuspidatus is an authentic medicinal herb used in Xinjiang， rich in the chemical constituents including flavonoids， phenolic acids and terpenoids. It possesses anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and immunomodulatory effects. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that H. cuspidatus exerts therapeutic effects on asthma by inhibiting airway inflammatory responses， suppressing airway remodeling， modulating the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， and relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. It also demonstrates intervention effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines and regulating immune balance. Additionally， H. cuspidatus can mitigate acute lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and intervene in lung cancer by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In terms of clinical application， compound preparations containing H. cuspidatus， such as Hanchuan zupa granules and Luo’ou kezupa， have demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects on pulmonary diseases including asthma， cough， and pediatric bronchopneumonia. Currently， the research on precise action targets and compound matching rules of H. cuspidatus remains inadequate. Future studies should integrate modern technologies such as metabolomics to conduct in-depth exploration， thereby promoting the modernized development and clinical application of this traditional medicinal herb.

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

Objective To investigate the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by less invasive surfactant administration(LISA)clinical efficacy,complications and influence on blood gas analysis.Methods A total of 100 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome requiring pulmonary surfactant(PS)tracheal injection therapy and admitted to the Jinhua Central Hospital between December 1st 2019 and August 1st 2022 were randomly assigned into treatment group(50 cases)and control group(50 cases).The treatment group of children received PS treatment using LISA technology,while the control group of children received PS treatment using tracheal intubation tracheal instillation PS extubation followed by intubation-surfactant-extubation technology.The clinical treatment effect,blood gas analysis,non-invasive ventilation time,length of hospitalization,and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group;After 1 hour of PS treatment,the oxygen partial pressure and blood oxygen saturation of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group,while the carbon dioxide partial pressure was lower than that of the control group.The non-invasive assisted ventilation time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was lower than that of the control group.Their difference were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of LISA technology for PS treatment of NRDS can improve blood gas indicators,shorten non-invasive ventilation time,improve diagnostic and therapeutic effects,reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and do not increase the incidence of complications such as tracheal mucosal injury and pulmonary hemorrhage in children.

BACKGROUND:The sclerotic zone in the femoral head is an important imaging feature in the progression of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis,which is associated with disease prognosis.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α(PGC-1α)has been shown to possess biological activities such as osteogenesis,angiogenesis and anti-mitochondrial apoptosis,which may be closely related to bone repair of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE:To screen for the differential proteins in the sclerotic zone of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head versus the normal zone,to screen for hub proteins in the sclerotic zone,and to verify the differential expression of hub proteins in the femoral head specimens following steroid-induced femoral head necrosis,and to to explore the repair pattern of the sclerotic zone following steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. METHODS:Femoral head samples were collected from patients with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head receiving total hip arthroplasty.The differentially expressed genes in the sclerotic zone and the normal zone were screened by Tandem Mass Tags and analyzed by GO and KEGG signaling pathways to construct a protein-protein interaction network and screen hub genes.In addition,the expression of hub genes in the sclerotic zone was verified by immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Quantitative protein profiling by Tandem Mass Tags revealed that 609 proteins were significantly differentially expressed(Log2FC＞1.20,Log2FC＜0.84 and P＜0.05)in the sclerotic zone of the femoral head compared with the normal zone,of which 290 proteins were upregulated and 319 proteins were downregulated.The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that among the top 10 enriched pathways,Wnt signaling pathway and life-cycle regulatory pathway were closely related to bone repair;in the life-cycle regulatory pathway,PGC-1α was one of the important proteins.In addition,western blot results verified the low expression of PGC-1α and NRF1 in the sclerotic zone and high expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 in the sclerotic zone compared with the normal zone of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis specimens.Light microscopic immunohistochemical results showed the distribution of PGC-1α,NRF1 and Cleaved Caspase-3 positive expression in the sclerotic and normal zones in the femoral head tissue specimens,indicating the presence of their expression in bone trabeculae,osteoblasts and bone marrow.In contrast,the brown area of the sclerotic zone of femoral head necrosis stained darker and showed more obvious expression of Cleaved Caspase-3.To conclude,in the sclerotic zone of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis,biological behaviors including activation of osteogenesis-related pathways such as Wnt and oxidative apoptosis characterized by low expression of PGC-1 are observed.Low expression of PGC-1α in the sclerotic zone of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis may be associated with the activation of oxidative apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the participation of clinical pharmacists in rational drug use management by informatization clinical pathway under diagnosis related groups(DRGs) background by taking glycyrrhizic acid injection as an example. METHODS Based on the PDCA cycle theory, the evaluation scheme was established to find the problems in the use of glycyrrhizic acid injection in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, and the necessity of glycyrrhizic acid injection in the pathway was determined according to the needs of diagnosis and treatment, and the elimination and maintenance were carried out. The rational rate of drug use and the changes of monitoring indexes were compared before and after intervention in the same period(Q2 2021 vs Q2 2022). RESULTS Compared with the same period in 2021, the rational use rate of glycyrrhizic acid injection increased to a certain extent in the second quarter of 2022, and the utilization rate, the number of intravenous administration per capita per day, the intensity of use and the average drug cost per case all decreased. CONCLUSION Under the background of DRGs, the participation of clinical pharmacists in rational drug use by informatization clinical pathway can reduce the irrational use of glycyrrhizic acid injection and reduce the hospital monitoring index.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human parvovirus B19(B19V)infection among college students,so as to provide reference for the development of blood donor screening strategies and blood supply policies.Meth-ods From March 2023 to February 2024,blood donor samples from college students in Changchun were retrospectively an-alyzed using the principle of random numbers,with samples taken 1 to 3 days per month.B19V IgG/IgM were detected by ELISA,and B19V DNA and viral load were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Results Among 1 456 blood donor samples from college students,the positive rates for B19V IgG,IgM and DNA were 11.54%,0.34%and 2.68%,respec-tively.The viral load in 39 B19V DNA-positive samples ranged from 5.60×102 IU/mL to 9.10×106 IU/mL,with 28 samples(1.92%)having a viral load above 104 IU/mL.There were 11 samples(0.76%)that were positive for B19V DNA but neg-ative for IgG/IgM.Conclusion The college students have a low prevalence of past B19V infection,but a higher risk of in-fections and a higer proportion of acute infections with high viral loads in individuals who are]B19V IgG negative,presenting a risk of transmission through blood transfusion.Targeted blood safety monitoring is necessary for college students to track the prevalence of B19V DNA.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of granzyme B(GB)promoter-controlled ferritin heavy chain(FTH1)reporter gene expression for monitoring the activation status of chimeric antigen receptor T cells(CAR-T)by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Methods Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)were screened by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and flow sorting.The GB promoter and FTH1 gene were ligated together with disialoganglioside 2(GD2)CAR,and lentiviral vectors were transfected into CTLs to construct GD2-CAR-T/pGB-FTH1 cells.GD2-CAR-T/pCMV-FTH1,GD2-CAR-T,and T cells served as control cells.CytoTox96@non-radioactive cytotoxicity was used to detect the killing effect of each group of cells after co-culture with human neuroblastoma cells(SK-N-SH).ELISA was employed to detect the coincubation factor as well as the amount of GB secretion.Western blotting,Prussian blue staining and cellular MRI were applied to detect the expression of the FTH1 gene after co-culture.Results CTLs were successfully obtained,and then GD2-CAR-T/pGB-FTH1,GD2-CAR-T/pCMV-FTH1 and GD2-CAR-T cells were constructed.The killing effect,co-incubation factor and GB secretion of the above 3 groups of cells were significantly higher than those of the T cells,and the level of GB expression was highest at day 1,and then decreased in order at day 3 and day 7 after co-culturing with SK-N-SH cells.The relative expression of FTH1 and iron content of the GD2-CAR-T/pGB-FTH1 cells showed the same trend as GB expression,and the MRI signals were gradually increased.There were no significant differences in the relative expression of FTH1,iron content and MRI signals in the GD2-CAR-T/pCMV-FTH1 cells at all time points.No FTH1 expression or iron aggregation was observed in the GD2-CAR-T and T cells groups.Conclusion MRI based on the FTH1 reporter gene driven by the granzyme B promoter can reflect the GB expression level and tumor killing effect of CAR-T cells,which provides a potential real-time visual means to monitor the cell activation status for CAR-T therapy.