The lung function of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as "pneumoconiosis") combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) declines rapidly. Inhaled pharmacotherapy is crucial in the treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis combined with COPD. At present, pressurized metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and soft mist inhalers are commonly used to deliver bronchodilators (including long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, or their fixed-dose combinations) in inhaled pharmacotherapy. Peak inspiratory flow (PIF) is a commonly used indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of inhalation therapy. Patients with good coordination of hand and mouth, and a high PIF (≥30 L/min) can be treated with pressurized metered-dose inhalers or dry powder inhalers, whereas patients with poor coordination or insufficient PIF (<30 L/min) should be treated with pressurized metered-dose inhalers combined with a spacer or with nebulizers. In addition, the effectiveness of inhalation therapy is affected by individual factors, such as treatment adherence and pulmonary function, as well as drug-related factors, including the use of inhaled corticosteroids and the selection of bronchodilators. Inhaled pharmacotherapy appears to have substantial potential in the treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD. Future efforts should focus on the development of more effective inhaled drugs with fewer adverse effects and more user-friendly inhalation devices, as well as on optimizing inhalation treatment regimens to enable precision therapy and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Objective:To explore the effect of physical activity trajectories on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.Methods:Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020, 809 participants aged ≥45 were selected. General data, physical activity levels, and cognitive function were collected. The group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was used to establish the physical activity trajectory model, and multiple linear regression was applied to investigate factors affecting cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults and to analyze the relationship between physical activity trajectories and cognitive function.Results:The cognitive function score for the 809 middle-aged and older adults was (11.71±4.60), and the logarithmic metabolic equivalent of physical activity was (8.38±1.06). Based on GBTM, four physical activity trajectories were identified: stable group, slow-increase group, rapid-decrease group, and stable-decrease group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the stable and slow-increase activity trajectories, gender, age, marital status, and retirement status were significant factors influencing cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Physical activity trajectories are associated with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Maintaining stable or slowly increasing physical activity is beneficial for cognitive health. Nurses should design targeted interventions based on factors influencing cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the cachexia morbidity among hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer and evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes.Method By analyzing the clinical data of 5 118 hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2013,we investigated the cachexia morbidity and compared the clinical outcome between cachectic patients and noncachectic patients.Results The overall cachexia morbidity of hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer was 15.7％ (803/5 118).The highest cachexia morbidity was 34.0％ (89/173),found in patients with pancreatic cancer.In cachectic group and non-cachectic group,the overall completion rate of radical resection was 67.1％ (539/803) and 74.5％ (3 214/4 315),respectively (P =0.000).Compared to the non-cachectic group,the cachetic group had significantly longer postoperative hospital days [(11.5 ±6.2) d vs (9.4 ±4.9) d,P =0.003],slower postoperative recovery of bowel function [(3.4 ±0.9) d vs (3.2 ±0.8) d,P =0.013],longer postoperative time to intake semifluid [(4.4 ± 1.5) d vs (3.9 ± 1.3) d,P =0.002],and more postoperative complications in 28 days after surgery [8.9％ (48/539) vs 5.8％ (186/3 214),P=0.006].After surgery,131 patients in the cachectic group were transferred to the ICU,and 646 patients in non-cachectic group transferred to the ICU (24.3％ vs 20.0％,P=0.026).Compared to the non-cachecic group,the reoperation rate [3.2％ (17/539) vs 1.5％ (48/3214)],ventilator support rate [8.0％ (43/539) vs 5.7％ (184/3 214)],and mortality [2.4％ (13/539) vs 1.1％ (35/3 214)] of the cachectic group were all significantly higher (P =0.006,0.042,0.011).Conclusions Cachexia is common in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer,especially in patients with pancreatic cancer.Cachexia has negative impact on the clinical outcomes.